MyBao helps women to find eco-friendly alternatives for cosmetics, skin care and personal care products, while looking for sustainable solutions that contribute to the environment as well as their personal welfare. Our business will be a window for companies in the organic and natural care industry to reach out to a specific group of customers who share the same “green” vision. In addition, MyBao’s platform allows for customers’ data collection, which will provide companies with real-time information of trends and preferences. Through an online subscription service, women will receive a monthly “surprise” personal eco bag, which will contain curated travel-size organic and natural products that will match their preferences and needs, according to a personal survey completed at the moment of subscription. Full-size products will also be available in our website for customers to purchase, should they like the products they were sent in their monthly MyBao. Based on the information collected from the surveys, MyBao can provide partner companies with valuable real-time information of customers’ purchasing trends (big data). MyBao’s business model allows for different sources of revenue streams: (1) monthly subscription fees by users, (2) cut/percentage from the sales of full-size products, (3) advertising and product “featuring” option for our partner companies to prioritize their products in our website, (4) big data sale to our partner companies.

M.Arch.(Professional), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, 2010 / The world’s oceans, seas and coastal areas are today, in a critical state of distress, facing a greater array of problems and dangers than ever before imagined. With over half of the world's population living along coastal areas, there has been unprecedented commercial and residential over development. Pollution from cities and industry, anthropogenic waste disposal, oil spills, and intense over fi shing, increasingly threaten living and non-living resources in the coastal and ocean environments - adversely impacting and fundamentally changing natural ecosystems, and even threatening human health. Marine life and vital coastal habitats are straining under the increasing pressure of deteriorating sea water quality and the cumulative eff ects of excessive human use. The ability of marine ecosystems to produce the economic and ecological goods and services that we desire and need, have been substantially reduced. In some instances there has been a signifi cant decline of ocean wildlife and even collapses of entire ocean ecosystems. It is clearly evident that what we once considered to be inexhaustible and resilient is, in fact, fi nite and fragile. It is however, only through a high level and intense form of research and understanding, that we as human beings can begin to understand the ways in which we can help conserve such a system. Only once we understand the eff ect we are having on such an ecosystem, can we begin to understand the ways in which we need to change. It is only through research, and consequently conservation, that we will be able to identify how a relationship between human beings and the natural world can exist in a sustainable and symbiotic relationship. This thesis will explore how a man-made artifi cial intervention can and must have a signifi cant impact on the environment in which it sits, both directly and indirectly. Through the establishment of a rich research and conservation hub within a bio diverse ecosystem, a symbiotic relationship, whereby two completely diff erent systems work together to ensure the sustainability of the whole, is established

Concrete plants consume 10 billion tons of natural aggregates annually from quarries and gravel plants for produce concrete, this demand requires exploiting natural resources from mountains and rivers producing an ecological imbalance. One solution is to use Palm Oil Clinker (POC), which is eliminated in large quantities in the dumps and rivers without taking advantage of its puzolanic, binding and resistance properties as an aggregate in the concrete; another alternative is to apply rubber from abandoned and discarded tires as waste in landfills or burned, without taking advantage of its performance of improvement in concrete, increasing its resistance to impact and fatigue. Unable to find joint POC and rubber information, this research studies its influence replacing 2.5% rubber (grained and crushed) with 10%, 12.5% and 15% POC in the fine aggregate on traditional concrete; results indicate that with 12.5% of POC as the ideal percentage, the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength rise between 2.16 - 9.54%, so the concrete obtained has a cost of less than 4.09% and has 3.65% less CO2 emission.

La tendencia en alimentación nutritiva se ha incrementado en los últimos años, y existe una gran oportunidad en la industria de alimentos de categoría salud y bienestar, pues mantenerse saludable no había sido una prioridad para las personas como lo es actualmente. Sin embargo, estudios revelan que 4 de 10 niños(as) en el Perú sufren de algún problema alimenticio, esto se debe al poco conocimiento de los padres de familia sobre alimentos nutritivos y la falta de tiempo para poder preparar comidas balanceadas para sus hijos. Ante esta necesidad nace Nutribox, un servicio de preparación de loncheras nutritivas y saludables para una alimentación balanceada en los niños y niñas en la etapa escolar. Como propuesta de valor, Nutribox ofrece a los padres de familia el uso de insumos naturales en relación con las verduras, frutas y proteínas, con el fin de cuidar y mejorar la salud de sus hijos. Asimismo, la presentación ofrecida es eco-friendly, pues los envases son de material biodegradable para el cuidado del medio ambiente. A lo largo del presente trabajo se explicará los diversos procesos de negocio que desarrolla la empresa Nutribox. / The trend in nutritious eating has increased in recent years and there is a great opportunity in the health and wellness category food industry, due to the fact that staying healthy had not been a priority for many people as it is today. However, studies reveal that 4 out of 10 children in Peru suffer from some kind of food issue, due to the little knowledge of parents about nutritious foods and the lack of time to prepare balanced meals for their children. In response to this need, Nutribox was created, a service for the nutritious and healthy lunch boxes making with a balanced diet for children in the school stage. As a value proposal, Nutribox offers parents the use of natural inputs in relation to vegetables, fruits, and proteins, in order to care for and improve the children’s health. Likewise, it is an eco-friendly offered presentation, as the containers are made of biodegradable material for the care of the environment. Throughout this paper, the various business processes developed by the company Nutribox will be explained. / Trabajo de investigación

A problem exists that many eco-friendly products on the market today are not widely accepted by consumers. Three pilot experiments were conducted to examine a few causes of poor eco-friendly product acceptance. The first two experiments involved the testing of alternative products to disposable plastic water bottles. Two hypotheses were developed- the attitude hypothesis and the user activity hypothesis. The attitude hypothesis states that a person with a positive environmental attitude will lead to better eco-friendly product recommendation and rating, greater product uses, and a greater chance of continued use. The user activity hypothesis states that a product with difficult set-up or cleaning will lead to a worse product recommendation and rating, fewer product uses, and a smaller chance of continued use. Participants took home a product to test for one week and then returned to complete two surveys- a demographics survey and a product evaluation survey. These surveys measured variables such as environmental attitude, product recommendation and rating, number of uses, continued use, and many others. The results of the experiments show a relation between environmental attitude and the participants’ future usage with the eco-friendly product. In addition, the data shows that difficulty of product set-up and cleaning relate to the users’ opinion of the product. Since this methodology of testing has not been documented before, the lessons learned from these pilot experiments will help to develop a framework for product testing with human ubjects. The third pilot experiment tests the design method of defaults, which may be a powerful tool when designing eco-friendly products. The theory behind the default option is that people typically choose the default setting on a product, regardless if it is the best option. This theory was tested with the use of automatic paper towel dispensers. The lengths of the paper towels that the machines dispensed were changed periodically and the paper towel usage was measured. The results from this experiment indicate that users obey the rule of defaults, unless their needs are not being met at an extreme level.

This master thesis project is about easier commuting in a more eco-friendly way thus a new foldable pedelec - pedal electric cycle was created. The idea is that the commuters are able to fold their bicycle to a convenient size and store it under the desk in the office, in a trunk of a car, or even brought on a bus if used as a connecting transport. It incorporates the latest ergonomic, safety, display and drivetrain features in combination with a sleek single-fork design. This enables the pedelec to be folded more conveniently and save additional space. To appeal to a wider range of users they are given the opportunity to choose their own colour codes and personalize their own foldable pedelec.

This final project is made as a Minor Field Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world and this is reflected in the way they live. Many people live in simple houses made out of mud, but the house that have been studied for this final project are a luxurious house from a Tanzanian perspective. The company that builds these houses are National Housing Corporation and it is this company that have provided drawings, information and educational visits. The purpose of this project is to gain knowledge about how a Tanzanian twostorey family house is constructed and designed. The aim is to evaluate if Swedish knowledge in building technique can be implemented to a Tanzanian two-storey family house concerning the climate, building structure and eco friendly construction. To be able to carry through with this final project a Minor Field Study has been executed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. During the field study educational visits, interviews and own observations has been made. By studying the drawings, read the interviews and look at photographs that were taken at the site several conclusions have been made. The foundation is the thing that differ the most from a Swedish villa. The slab is cast on underground walls and has only a mould around. Since it does not have a mould underneath the concrete can mix with the limestones and the drainage function is destroyed. The concrete strip that is placed underneath the underground walls has a damp proof membrane underneath which should be placed over the entire foundation structure. The roof is constructed by trusses and rafters in small dimensions. The dimensions could be increased to enlarge the distance between them. The windows are equipped with grilles that should protect from break-ins but also makes it harder to get out in case of fire. The upper slab is merged with the balconies and the balconies do not have an inclination out from the house. This could cause damages on the structure if water is stored there. The walls are made out of concrete which is the best material concerning the climate. To get an even better indoor climate the walls and the rest of the structure could be isolated so energy can be saved when the air conditioner is used. Tanzanian do not think in an eco friendly way but in this question a lot of improvements could be made. From a Swedish perspective there are a lot of things that can be improved on the studied house to get a more sustainable house concerning the structure, climate and eco friendly. / Detta examensarbete har gjorts som en Minor Field Study i Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania är ett av de fattigaste länderna i världen och detta återspeglas i deras sätt att bo. Många människor bor i enkla hus gjorda av lera men huset som har studerats för detta examensarbete är ett lyxigt hus sätt ur ett tanzaniskt perspektiv. Företaget som bygger dessa hus är National Housing Corporation och är det bolag som har lämnat ritningar, information och ordnat studiebesök. Syftet med detta projekt är att få kunskap om hur en tanzanisk tvåvåningsvilla byggs och utformas. Målet är att utvärdera om svenska kunskaper i byggnadsteknik kan implementeras på en tanzanisk tvåvåningsvilla med hänseende till konstruktionen, klimatet och miljövänlig konstruktion. För att kunna genomföra detta examensarbete har en Minor Field Study gjorts i Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Under fältstudien har studiebesök, intervjuer och egna observationer gjorts. Genom att studera ritningar, läsa gjorda intervjuer och titta på fotografier som togs på plats har flera slutsatser gjorts. Grundkonstruktionen är det som skiljer sig mest från en svensk villa. Plattan är gjuten på underjordiska väggar och har bara en gjutform runt om. Eftersom det inte finns någon form under kan betongen blandas med kalkstenen och dräneringsfunktionen kan då förstöras. Betongdelen som är placerad under de underjordiska väggarna har en fuktspärr som också borde placeras över resten av grundkonstruktionen. Taket är konstruerat av takstolar och takbjälkar i små dimensioner. De små dimensionerna resulterar i att takstolarna och takbjälkarna måste sitta tätare än om de skulle ha haft större dimensioner. Fönstren är försedda med galler som ska skydda från inbrott, men de gör det också svårare att komma ut i händelse av brand. Det övre bjälklaget är hopgjutet med balkongerna och balkongerna har inte någon lutning ut från huset. Detta kan orsaka skador på konstruktionen om vatten samlas där. Väggarna är gjorda av betong som är det bästa materialet ur klimatsynpunkt. För att få ännu bättre inomhusklimat kan väggarna och resten av konstruktionen isoleras mot värmen så att energi kan sparas när luftkonditioneringen används. Tanzanier tänker inte på ett miljövänligt sätt, och därför finns det en hel del förbättringar att göra på det här området. Ur ett svenskt perspektiv finns det mycket som kan förbättras på det studerade huset för att få ett mer hållbart hus med hänseende till konstruktionen, klimatet och miljövänlig konstruktion.

The purpose of this research was to generate the knowledge for formulating low-Cu and Cu-free brake friction materials without using and releasing hazardous materials that are listed on Washington State and California State Senate Bills. Model brake material samples were manufactured and tested in the Friction Assessment and Screening Test (FAST) and the full scale automotive brake dynamometer (Dyno) using a SAE J2430 test procedure. The SAE recommended a J2430 test procedure which provided the necessary data for the Brake Effectiveness Evaluation Procedure (BEEP) by the Brake Manufacturers' Council. The newly developed low-Cu and Cu-free brake friction materials were formulated by modifying a typical Non Asbestos Organic (NAO) (T-Baseline) formulation and a typical Semi-Metallic (M-Baseline) formulation. The NAO Cu-free brake friction materials contain geopolymer and natural hemp fibers as a partial replacement of phenolic resin and synthetic Kevlar fibers, respectively. Friction performance and wear data from a series of FAST tests were used to train an artificial neural network, which was used to optimize the NAO Cu-free formulations. Then, the optimized low-Cu and Cu-free brake friction materials were tested on the Dyno. Dyno test results showed that all NAO Cu-free brake friction materials have passed the Brake Effectiveness Evaluation Procedure (BEEP), did not exhibit thermal fade when temperature was increased and were slightly sensitive to speed. The NAO Cu-free brake friction materials exhibits slightly lower average friction level when compared to the baseline materials (T-Baseline). The Cu-free brake friction materials, as well as the rotors, exhibit higher wear than the detected wear on the T-Baseline material. The semi-metallic low-Cu and Cu-free brake friction materials have also passed the BEEP. Dyno test results indicated that the semi-metallic low-Cu and Cu-free friction materials did not exhibit thermal fade and were slightly sensitive to speed. The semi-metallic low-Cu and Cu-free materials exhibited lower friction level and higher wear on the pads when compared to the M-Baseline material. The semi-metallic Cu-free material outperformed the M-Baseline material in term of rotor wear. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) microanalysis on the tested materials show that the friction surface of the T-baseline material was covered with fully developed and stable friction layer (third body) consisting mostly of Fe-oxides, different forms of carbon and compounds of materials originally present in the bulk material. The NAO Cu-free materials (T30-15 and T30-16) did not develop a sufficient friction layer. The friction layer seemed to be responsible for the detected lower wear in the T-Baseline compared to the NAO Cu-free materials (T30-15 and T30-16), and it acted as a solid lubricant on the interface between the rubbing pad and the cast iron rotor lowering the adhesive forces. The friction and wear of the T-Baseline material was controlled by adhesive mechanisms. The NAO Cu-free materials (T30-15 and T30-16) with content of geopolymer replacing phenolic resin matrix exhibited extensive abrasive wear in addition to adhesive mechanisms. The capacity to form a friction layer on the surface plays a considerable role when lowering the wear of NAO brake friction materials. The friction layer was formed by compaction and interaction of brake wear particles, and its stability and character depend on the chemistry of the bulk materials in contact as well as the temperature, pressure and sliding speed during a friction process. SEM and EDX analyses also showed that the semi-metallic pads have developed friction layer on the friction surfaces. The difference was that the M-Baseline material had well developed friction layer, but the Low-Cu (M4) and Cu-free (M5) materials, had many smaller patches of friction layer disturbed on the surfaces.

El precio promedio del café se ha incrementado en los últimos años. En el 2018 el precio aumentó hasta en un 8% y se estima un alza adicional de 6% para los siguientes años. Pese a ello, el consumo interno del café también ha aumentado constantemente, teniendo un crecimiento en la frecuencia de compra del café de hasta 22 veces más en el 2018. Los estudios revelan que el incremento en su consumo se debe a que los amantes del café cuentan con mayor poder adquisitivo y además han optado por dar inicio a la búsqueda de un sabor distinto al café tradicional. Atendiendo a esta necesidad de los consumidores de café nace Cafru-it, un concentrado de café mezclado con fruta natural. Como propuesta de valor, Cafru-it ofrece a los consumidores de café un sabor totalmente natural, pues es elaborado a base de granos de café cuzqueño y frutas, las cuales son naranja, durazno y mango. Por otro lado, su consumo es beneficioso para salud por las propiedades de los insumos utilizados para su producción, además de ser un producto eco-friendly, ya que los envases son elaborados de vidrio reciclado y pueden ser reutilizados. El público objetivo esta compuesto por las personas amantes del café que se encuentran en la búsqueda de nuevos sabores y que son estudiantes universitarios o que trabajan en oficinas. Los canales por los cuales Cafru-it se acercará a su público son: redes sociales, página web, ferias ecológicas, venta directa y delivery. / The average price of coffee has increased in recent years. In 2018, the price increased up to 8% and an additional increase of 6% is estimated for the following years. In spite of it, the internal consumption of coffee has also increased steadily, having a growth in the frequency of coffee purchase up to 22 times more in 2018. Studies reveal that the increase in its consumption is due to coffee lovers have greater purchasing power and they have also chosen to start the search for a different flavor than traditional coffee. In response to this need for coffee consumers, Cafru-it is born, a coffee concentrate mixed with natural fruit. As a value proposition, offered to coffee consumers a totally natural flavor, because Cafru-it is made from coffee beans from Cusco and fruits, which are orange, peach and mango. On the other hand, its consumption is beneficial for health due to the properties of the supplies used for its production, in addition to being an eco-friendly product, because the bottles are made of recycled glass and can be reused. The customer segments is composed by coffee lovers who are in search of new flavors and who are university students or who work in offices. The channels through which Cafru-it will approach its customers are: social networks, website, ecological fairs, direct sales and delivery. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto consta de un plan de negocios sobre la venta de envases eco-amigables hechas con materiales compostables. Se consideró como universo de estudio las zonas 6,7 y 8 de la ciudad Lima Metropolitana con enfoque en niveles socioeconómicos “A”, “B” y “C”. En la actualidad, el mundo está enfrentando retos ambientales por la falta de conciencia y alternativas sostenibles. La sobre producción de plástico ha provocado grandes consecuencias en la contaminación de nuestro al rededor. Por este motivo, nació una tendencia ambientalista que promueve iniciativas que buscan cuidar del entorno y se dio la oportunidad de negocio para ofrecer tapers, platos y vasos que no dañan el medio ambiente con nuestra empresa, Globest. Para poner en marcha este emprendimiento se necesitará una inversión inicial de 23,910 soles, financiado completamente por los propietarios. / The following project consists of a business plan to sell eco-friendly tableware made with compostable materials. The universe considered for this study involves areas 6, 7 and 8 of Lima, focused on socio-economic statuses “A”, “B” and “C”. Currently, the world is facing environmental challenges due to the lack of awareness and sustainable alternatives. The over production of plastic has caused great consequences, in terms of the pollution of our surroundings. For this reason, a green trend was born that promotes initiatives that seek to take care of the environment and a business opportunity emerged to offer plates, cups and take out containers that do not harm the environment with our company, Globest. To start up this business venture, an initial investment of 23,910 soles will be needed, fully financed by the owners. / Trabajo de investigación