Eco-labels impact consumers‟ likelihood to buy eco-labelled products and serve as a tool during the decision-making process that helps consumers make informed purchase choices. The textile industry is responsible for a large amount of pollution, but has started to follow a more holistic, eco-friendly approach. Information about their eco-friendliness is communicated to consumers via eco-labels. Consumers can influence the textile industry to include more eco-labelled textile products in their desired range of products, by buying and demanding eco-labelled textile products. However, international studies indicate that consumers do not understand textile eco-labels and the information that is found on these labels. A lack of understanding prevents consumers from including such products in their pre-purchase decision-making process. Yet some consumers, from developed and developing countries, are willing to buy eco-labelled products and pay more for such products. Limited research in this regard, within a South African context, is available hence, more research was required in this study field. Therefore, this study aimed to explore consumers‟ understanding and utilisation of textile eco-labels during pre-purchase decision-making. The research for the study was done using a convenience and purposive sampling method with a quantitative structured online questionnaire for data collection purposes. Findings suggest that respondents were environmentally conscious, but only to some extent. Most respondents objectively understood textile eco-labelled products, but not textile eco-labels or organic label information regarding cotton production processes. Respondents indicated that they do not use textile eco-labels when making a pre-purchase decision, yet they somewhat recognised the need to buy eco-friendly textile products, because they are aware of environmental implications. Regarding the information on eco-labels, respondents searched for information surrounding the quality of eco-labelled textile products, followed by the care instructions and the credibility of the eco-label on the product. Finally, there was a segment of respondents who buy and utilise textile eco-labelled products, and are willing to pay a higher price for these products. The higher price was the main factor that prevented other respondents from buying eco-labelled textile products. Consumers can benefit from education regarding environmental issues and how their purchasing choices can make a difference in protecting the environment. Furthermore, educating consumers about eco-labelled textile products might increase their awareness and utilisation of these products. In turn, this awareness about eco-labels might encourage consumers to include these kinds of products in their pre-purchase decision-making process. Additionally the industry can strive towards keeping eco-labelled products‟ prices relatively equal to regular product‟s prices to make it easier for consumers to choose between the different products, based on their environmental attributes and not price. Finally, the textile industry and manufacturers can focus on making textile eco-labels more attractive and attention-grabbing in order to focus consumers‟ attention on these labels. Furthermore, on these labels, symbols and words should be used together and all elements should correspond to enhance consumers‟ understanding. If all of these elements of an eco-label convey the same message, consumers might be able to understand the intended message by manufacturers and the industry better. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti ekologinių produktų rėmimo situaciją šios dienos rinkoje. Pirmoje šio darbo dalyje analizuojama ekologiško marketingo, vartotojo ir ekologiškų produktų samprata. Vienas iš pagrindinių taškų skatinimo ekologiškų produktų yra suteikti visą būtiną informaciją potencialiam vartotojui apie ekologiškus produktus ir skatinti juos įsigyti. Šiam tikslui yra naudojamos reklamos priemonės – tai reklama televizijoje, spaudoje, tiesioginis bendravimas su ūkininkais. Taip pat yra rengiamos specialios TV laidos, straipsniai spaudoje, seminarai apie ekologiškus produktus ir jų naudą vartotojui. Prekybos centrai organizuoja degustacijas, loterijas, žaidimus skatinant kuo daugiau informuoti ir parduoti ekologiškų produktų. Antrojoje darbo dalyje pateikiami anketos apklausos rezultatai ir jų analizė. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad pakankamai nemažai informacijos apie ekologiškus produktus vartotojai gauna žiūrėdami televiziją 29%. 15% respondentų su ekologiškais produktais susipažįsta parodose ir mugėse. Nemažai informacijos vartotojas suranda internete 31%, bei spaudoje 9%. Baigiamajame darbe analizuojama ekologinio marketingo vystymasis ir raida, ekologiškumo samprata, ekologinis vartotojas ir produktas, bei ekologiškų produkto rėmimo kompleksai pasitelkiant mokslinę literatūrą, pagal tai padarytos išvados: 1. Stipriai besikeičiantis vartotojų požiūris į ekologines problemas, koreguoja įmonių veiklas. Taip pat vartotojas skatina organizacijas taikyti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim - to analyze the situation in the promotion of eco-products on the market today. In the first part of this work analyzes the eco-marketing, consumer and organic conception. One of the key points to promote eco-friendly products is to provide all the necessary information to potential consumers about environmentally friendly products and encourage them to buy. For this purpose, it is used for promotional tools - it is advertising on TV, print, direct communication with farmers. It also held a special TV broadcast, press articles, workshops on eco-friendly products and their benefits to the user. Supermarkets organizes tastings, lotteries, games to promote more awareness and sell organic products. The second part of the questionnaire survey. The survey results indicate that a considerable degree of information about organic products consumers receive television watching by 29%. 15% of respondents familiar with organic products in exhibitions and fairs. A number of information the user finds the internet 31% and 9% in the press.

El siguiente proyecto, una bolsa eco-amigable hecha principalmente para mujeres, se realizó en base a la indagación realizada en Lima Metropolitana Moderna y Sur a los NSE A/B y C. Esta evidencia que la mayoría de mujeres buscan un producto que simplifique los imprevistos durante sus compras diarias e inesperadas. Pero todas coinciden en la dificultad para llevar a todas partes una bolsa que les permita trasladar sus productos. Asimismo, se evidenció que las mujeres realizan más compras que los hombres, y acuden principalmente a minimarkets, bodegas o supermercados. Además, no son ajenas a la tendencia mundial de cuidar el medio ambiente, optando con mayor frecuencia por productos ecológicos. Por ello, debido a su alta demanda de compras diarias adquieren más bolsas eco-amigables, pero mayormente olvidan dichas bolsas. Ante el apuro, la escaza oferta y elevado costo de estas bolsas, adquieren una bolsa plástica del centro de compras, pagando el monto establecido por la nueva Ley de Plásticos. Para realizar el proyecto, se hizo un análisis intensivo de la industria y sus diversos factores. Asimismo, se establecieron planes estratégicos para cada área, que validan la viabilidad del proyecto. Es así que, tras invertir S/. 64,699 inicialmente, el primer año se obtendrá S/. 30,262 de utilidad, el segundo S/. 35,335.39, y el tercero S/. 42,206.32. A continuación, será presentado Easy Bag, una bolsa portable hecha a base de materiales eco-amigables que busca simplificar las compras diarias de miles de mujeres. / The following project, an eco-friendly bag made mainly for women, was made based on the inquiry made in Modern and South Metropolitan Lima to the SES A / B and C. This evidence that most women look for a product that simplifies the unforeseen during your daily and unexpected purchases. But all coincide in the difficulty to carry everywhere a bag that allows them to move their products. Likewise, it was evidenced that women make more purchases than men, and mainly go to minimarkets, warehouses or supermarkets. In addition, they are no stranger to the global trend of caring for the environment, opting more frequently for organic products. Therefore, due to their high demand for daily purchases they acquire more eco-friendly bags, but mostly forget these bags. In the face of trouble, the low supply and high cost of these bags acquire a plastic bag from the shopping center, paying the amount established by the new Law of Plastics. To carry out the project, an intensive analysis of the industry and its various factors was made. Likewise, strategic plans were established for each area, which validate the viability of the project. Thus, after investing S /. 64,699 initially, the first year will be obtained S /. 30,262 useful, the second S /. 35,335.39, and the third S /. 42,206.32. Next, Easy Bag will be presented, a portable bag made from eco-friendly materials that seeks to simplify the daily purchases of thousands of women. / Trabajo de investigación

Los recursos naturales están siendo puestos en peligro y/o agotados por el ser humano, ello genera cambios drásticos en el medio ambiente como incendios forestales, extinción de especies, desertización, calentamiento global, entre otros. Sin embargo, gran parte de la población mundial ha tomado en cuenta la importancia del cuidado de nuestro planeta y ha optado por realizar cambios en su estilo de vida para la preservación de este; como el reciclaje, uso de productos eco-amigables, compra de productos orgánicos, entre otros. Dado el contexto, el objetivo del presente plan de negocio es analizar la viabilidad de la creación e implementación de un e-commerce enfocado en la venta de productos eco-amigables en el Perú. La propuesta consiste en vender productos que generen impacto positivo en el cuidado del medio ambiente a través de una plataforma digital; estos productos serán adquiridos mediante diversos proveedores peruanos, dado que se busca ofertar la mayor variedad de categorías de productos que cuenten con dicha característica (ser eco-friendly) e incentivar la compra de productos nacionales. Cabe resaltar que, actualmente, debido a la pandemia que nos encontramos atravesando, esta plataforma web es de gran ayuda para impulsar las ventas de los socios claves, ya que podrán ofertar sus productos y obtener ganancias de manera digital sin necesidad de exponer su salud y la de sus clientes. / "Natural resources are being endangered and/or depleted by human beings, which generates drastic changes in the environment such as forest fires, species extinction, desertification, global warming, among others. However, a large part of the world's population has taken into account the importance of caring for our planet and has chosen to make changes in their lifestyle to preserve it, such as recycling, use of eco-friendly products, purchase of organic products, among others. Given the context, the objective of the present business plan is to analyze the viability of the creation and implementation of an e-commerce focused on the sale of eco-friendly products in Peru. The proposal is to sell products that generate positive impact on the care of the environment through a digital platform; these products will be acquired through various Peruvian suppliers, since it seeks to offer the greatest variety of product categories that have this feature (be eco-friendly) and encourage the purchase of domestic products. It is worth noting that, currently, due to the pandemic that we are going through, this web platform is of great help to boost the sales of key partners, since they will be able to offer their products and obtain profits digitally without having to expose their health and that of their clients. " / Trabajo de investigación

The pursuit of sustainability and the preservation of natural resources in consumers’ product choice and –consumption is a worldwide concern. This research therefore focused on the relevance and inter relationship of various motivational factors in contributing to consumers’ pro-environmental intent to purchase eco-friendly appliances in the local context. Since pro-environmental intent does not inexorably lead to environmentally significant choice behaviour, the study also investigated consumers’ prioritization of environmentally related product features in the pre-purchase evaluation and selection of major household appliances. The perspective of those with increased spending power as well as access to a wide variety of products in major urban areas (e.g. Tshwane) was of specific interest. A store intercept method with a non-probability purposive sampling approach was used to recruit respondents in stores while they were in the process of acquiring appliances. A structured questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews. A total of 667 questionnaires were collected, of which 648 were used for structural equation modelling and conjoint analyses. Based on the construct associations specified in a structural equation model, an awareness of environmental consequences related to product choice and consumption emerged as an indirect determinant of pro-environmental intent and represents an important precondition for the formation of subjective norms and moral attitudes. A strong and statistically significant relationship between subjective norms and moral attitudes underscore the importance of a social group’s standards in the formation of an individual’s own moral norms and attitudes. In relation to perceived behavioural control, subjective norms may fulfill an informative role when consumers are less confident in their own ability to comprehensively evaluate and select a washing machine with eco-friendly attributes. A combination of moral norms, attitudes and anticipated feelings of guilt significantly contributed to respondents’ pro-environmental intent, and even though they seemed somewhat less convinced about how easy it is to choose eco-friendly appliances, their intentions to buy such appliances consistently reflect a pro-environmental inclination. Using Sawtooth conjoint software, trade-off tasks were compiled to determine the relative importance of environmentally related attributes in relation to other conventional features in consumers’ pre-purchase evaluation and selection of washing machines. Aggregate results reveal that consumers across various age, income and educational levels prioritise brand and price, despite the long-term financial and environmental repurcussions of product features that impact on the use of natural resources. Based on a cluster analysis, four consumer segments were identified that differ in terms of preference structures. Overall, respondents rely on price and brand associations to guide their decision-making due to their inability and inexperience to objectively assess the environmental attributes of a product, which then ultimately contradicts their observed pro-environmental intent. From a practical point of view, the findings substantiate the development of tailored intervention strategies to facilitate informed decision-making and deliberation of consequences that extend beyond the initial selection of a particular product option. Strategies that emphasize the financial benefits of environmentally related features that span over the entire life cycle of the appliance might prove influential in promoting pro-environmental choices. From a theoretical perspective, the research expands an existing body of knowledge by establishing insight about consumers’ behaviour in a Third-World emerging context. In addition, it provides evidence regarding the application of existing theory and methods to explain the inconsistency between consumers’ assumed pro-environmental intent and their actual observed choices in the execution of a more complex, expensive and significant act of acquiring major household appliances. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Consumer Science / PhD / Unrestricted

El presente proyecto tiene la finalidad de ofrecer al consumidor final un producto que brinde una experiencia diferente y especial. Hoy en día, existen dos problemas que muy a menudo son latentes en el país como la caída del cabello en las personas y la contaminación del medio ambiente. Según últimos estudios, cada vez más personas sufren de caída de cabello por diferentes motivos tales como estrés, herencia, estética, diabetes, hipertensión, etc. Es por ello que en este proyecto se ofrece una solución a través de una línea de productos con la marca Pritvi y Pritvi Men, son shampoos en barra naturales que ayudan a prevenir la caída del cabello, puesto que no usan químicos que afectan el cuero cabelludo porque está hecho a base de esencias naturales. Asimismo, el producto está dirigido a clientes pertenecientes al sector económico B, que residen en San Borja, San Isidro y Miraflores, la estrategia utilizada para la fijación de precios es la penetración de mercado con un precio accesible de 35 soles. También, se tiene en cuenta el tema de la contaminación ambiental que sigue en aumento, por este motivo nació una tendencia ambientalista que promueve iniciativas que buscan cuidar el medio ambiente, es por ello que los empaques de Pritvi y Pritvi Men son eco-amigables. / The aim of this project is to provide the end consumer with a product that provides a different and special experience. Today, there are two problems that are very often latent in the country, such as people’s hair loss and environmental pollution. According to recent studies, more and more people suffer from hair loss for different reasons such as stress, inheritance, aesthetics, diabetes, hypertension, etc. Therefore, this project offers a solution through a line of products with the brand Pritvi and Pritvi Men, are natural bar shampoos that help prevent hair loss, since they do not use chemicals that affect the scalp because it is made from natural essences. Also, the product is directed to customers that belong in the economic sector B, who reside in San Borja, San Isidro and Miraflores, the pricing strategy is market penetration with an affordable price of 35 soles. Also, it takes into account the issue of environmental pollution that continues to increase, for this reason an environmental trend was born that promotes initiatives that seek to care for the environment, this is why Pritvi and Pritvi Men packages are eco-friendly. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto se desarrolló con el objetivo de analizar la viabilidad de negocio en crear un detergente ecológico elaborado con insumos naturales, en donde se utiliza como principal materia prima la saqta, una raíz andina utilizada por los incas para el lavado de textiles. De esta manera, buscamos contribuir con la conservación del medio ambiente frente un escenario actual de degradación de los recursos naturales. Este modelo de negocio se dirige principalmente a personas interesadas en el cuidado del ambiente, basándonos en la situación actual del incremento de la cantidad de personas que tienden a adquirir productos eco amigables, que se reflejó en el concierge efectuado durante el desarrollo de la idea de negocio. Actualmente llegamos al público objetivo a través de redes sociales, ferias ecológicas y ventas directas, en donde por medio de anuncios en plataformas digitales, demostraciones en las ferias y flyers publicitarios buscamos que el cliente conozca la saqta y sus propiedades para poder incentivar la venta y crear recordación de marca en nuestros clientes. La conclusión a la que se llegó de este proyecto es que el modelo de negocio planteado tiene aceptación en el público objetivo y que, además, genera rentabilidad para los accionistas que se refleja en los estados de resultados. / The present project was developed with the objective of analyzing the business viability in creating an ecological detergent made with natural inputs, where saqta is used as the main raw material, an Andean root used by the Incas to wash textiles. In this way, we seek to contribute to the conservation of the environment against a current scenario of degradation of natural resources. This business model is mainly aimed at people interested in caring for the environment, based on the current situation of the increase in the number of people who tend to acquire eco-friendly products, which was reflected in the concierge made during the development of the idea of deal.   Currently we reach the target audience through social networks, ecological fairs and direct sales, where through advertisements on digital platforms, demonstrations at fairs and advertising flyers we seek that the client knows the saqta and its properties in order to encourage sales and create brand reminder in our customers. The conclusion that came from this project is that the proposed business model has acceptance in the target audience and generates profitability for shareholders that is reflected in the income statements. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto la creación y comercialización de una bolsa ecológica reutilizable; la cual cuenta con un forro impermeable que permite multifuncionalidad siendo así, de fácil transporte y limpieza. Además, un cierre impermeable que asegura los productos dentro de la bolsa. Diseñada principalmente para el transporte de diversos productos frescos o que estén helados. Este producto contribuirá con la disminución de bolsas plásticas de uso único, ayudando al cuidado del medio ambiente y la adecuada conservación de los alimentos. Esta idea de negocio nace de la necesidad de una opción eco amigable, ya que el uso de bolsas plásticas en nuestro país no ha cesado a pesar de que su uso ha sido restringido. Añadido a esto, los productos actuales que ofrecen las empresas no son adecuados, ya que se enfocan principalmente en cubrir necesidades de transporte, como son las grandes bolsas de rafia o tela, las cuales se mojan y ensucian fácilmente.  En los primeros puntos, se desarrollan los aspectos generales del proyecto que comprenden la ideación, las validaciones y el estudio de investigación acerca del mercado local actual para determinar el producto final. A continuación, se explica el concierge y se desarrolla el plan estratégico con la cadena de valor, las fuerzas del entorno, análisis FODA, estrategias, entre otros. También están definidos por área los planes presupuestales de operaciones, RRHH, RSE, marketing y el financiero del proyecto.  Por último, se desarrollan las conclusiones, recomendaciones, anexos y la bibliografía. / The purpose of this research is to create and commercialize a reusable ecological bag; which has a waterproof lining that allows multifunctionality thus being easy to transport and clean. In addition, a waterproof closure that secures the products inside the bag. Designed primarily for the transport of various fresh or frozen products. This product will contribute to the reduction of single-use plastic bags, helping to care for the environment and proper food preservation. This business idea stems from the need for an eco-friendly option, since the use of plastic bags in our country has not ceased despite the fact that its use has been restricted. Added to this, the current products offered by companies are not suitable, since they mainly focus on covering transport needs, such as large raffia or cloth bags, which get wet and easily dirty. In the first points, the general aspects of the project that include the ideation, the validations and the research study about the current local market to determine the final product are developed. Next, the concierge is explained and the strategic plan is developed with the value chain, the environmental forces, SWOT analysis, and strategies among others. The budget plans of operations, HR, CSR, marketing and financial of the project are also defined by area. Finally, the conclusions, recommendations, annexes and bibliography are developed. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto desarrollado durante el ciclo 2019-2, se denomina Allihuasi, la cual es una empresa que ofrece sorbetes ecológicos y biodegradables a negocios en el sector de bebidas y alimentos para el consumo humano. La idea de negocio surge a partir de las consecuencias del excesivo uso del plástico y por la entrada en vigor de la Ley N°30884, la cual progresivamente busca que las personas y los negocios dejen de usar y comercializar productos de plástico de un solo uso. Por otro lado, para la realización del proyecto se identificaron factores como las preferencias de los clientes por el uso de productos ecológicos y el aumento de uso de productos biodegradables. Allihuasi cuenta con una alianza con los agricultores de trigo, en la cual ambas partes obtienen beneficios. Por un lado, los proveedores generan ingresos por la venta de una materia prima que no utilizan y por el otro, la empresa genera ganancias comercializando sorbetes de trigo. Asimismo, la empresa atiende al segmento de bares en los distritos de Miraflores y Barranco, debido a que están dispuestos a pagar un precio mayor por productos ecológicos de calidad que el segmento de restaurantes o juguerías Al culminar este trabajo de investigación se puede concluir que el negocio puede expandirse a otros sectores como restaurantes de fast food, cadenas de cine y cualquier otro negocio que requiera el uso de sorbetes para sus actividades. Sin embargo, esto se dará a largo plazo, cuando la ley prohíba completamente el uso, comercialización y la fabricación de sorbetes de plástico. / The present project developed during the 2019-2 cycle is called AlliHuasi, a company that offers organic and biodegradable sorbets to companies in the food and beverage sector for human consumption. The business idea arises from the consequences of excessive use of plastic and with the entry into force of Law No. 30884, which progressively seeks that people and companies stop using and marketing single-use plastic products. On the other hand, for the realization of the project were identified factors such as customer preferences for the use of organic products and the increased use of biodegradable products. AlliHuasi has an alliance with wheat producers, in which both parties have benefits. On the one hand, suppliers have income from the sale of a raw material that they do not use and, on the other, the company generates profits by marketing wheat sorbets. Besides, the company also attended the bar segment in the Miraflores and Barranco districts, because they are willing to pay a higher price for quality organic products than the restaurant or stores that sell juices segment. The conclusion of the project is that the business can expand to other sectors such as fast food restaurants, movie chains and any other business that requires the use of sorbets for its activities. However, this will occur in the long term, when the law completely prohibits the use, commercialization and manufacture of plastic sorbets. / Trabajo de investigación

Nuestra idea de negocio es la venta de fundas ecoamigables para viajeros, un producto innovador con un sistema de seguridad que ayuda abrir la maleta con un sensor de huella digital que solo funciona mediante una aplicación móvil que al conectarse a una red Wifi y colocar tu huella la maleta se podrá abrir, mientras tanto el viajero puede sentir la tranquilidad de dejar sus pertenecías en el aeropuerto ya que al ser un material hecho de fibra de botella es resistente a los golpes, adicionalmente está diseñado para que cada viajero pueda realizar su diseño y enviarnos para hacerlo realidad y se sienta a gusto con el producto. Estamos dirigidos a personas entre las edades de 30 a 59 años, del NSE A y B y que transiten en Lima Metropolitana. Para el proyecto se requiere una inversión de S/. 140,741.00 por lo que se busca un financiamiento externo de S/. 42,222.00 a cambio de una participación del 30%. Mediante los estudios realizados, se ha podido comprobar que hay un amplio mercado por cubrir y que las personas están dispuestos a poder comprar ese tipo de productos que le faciliten y le cubran su necesidad de viajar tranquilos. Este producto busca posicionarse en la ciudad de Lima como primer punto y luego ir a provincias para terminar internacionalizándonos. Las nuevas tendencias que se aparecen en el mundo favorecen al proyecto y genera un futuro viable empresarialmente. / Our business idea is the sale of eco-friendly cases for travelers, an innovative product with a security system that helps open the suitcase with a fingerprint sensor that only works through a mobile application that connects to a Wifi network and place your The suitcase can be opened by footprint, meanwhile the traveler can feel the peace of mind of leaving their belongings at the airport, which can be a material made of bottle fiber that is resistant to shocks, and is additionally designed so that each traveler can make their design and Send us to make it happen and feel a taste with the product. We are aimed at people between the ages of 30 and 59, from NSE A and B and who transit in Metropolitan Lima. For the project, an investment of S /. 140,741.00 for which external financing of S /. 42,222.00 in exchange for a 30% stake. Through the studies carried out, it has been possible to verify that there is a wide market to cover and that people are determined to be able to buy these types of products that facilitate and cover their need to travel in peace. This product seeks to position itself in the city of Lima as the first point and then go to the provinces to end up internationalizing. The new trends that appear in the world favor the project and generate a viable future for business. / Trabajo de investigación