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Le ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario a présenté sa nouvelle politique en matière d’éducation environnementale en 2009. Elle implique la participation de tous ceux œuvrant au sein du système éducatif, incluant les enseignants. Dès le départ, les enseignants ne sont pas neutres à l’égard de l’environnement. Les valeurs environnementales préalables des enseignants auront-elles un impact sur l’accueil qu’ils réservent pour cette politique? À l’aide de l’échelle du New Ecological Paradigm développé par Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig et Jones (2000), cette étude mesure les valeurs environnementales des enseignants d’un conseil scolaire francophone du Nord de l’Ontario et évalue l’accueil qu’ils réservent à la politique d’éducation environnementale pour ensuite vérifier s’il y a une relation entre ces facteurs. Les résultats démontrent que le groupe accueille la politique de façon plutôt favorable. Les valeurs environnementales semblent exercer une influence sur l’attitude qu’adoptent les enseignants face à celle-ci, mais c’est vraisemblablement dans le niveau d’action qu’ils entreprendront que cette influence se manifestera.

Le ministère de l’Éducation de l’Ontario a présenté sa nouvelle politique en matière d’éducation environnementale en 2009. Elle implique la participation de tous ceux œuvrant au sein du système éducatif, incluant les enseignants. Dès le départ, les enseignants ne sont pas neutres à l’égard de l’environnement. Les valeurs environnementales préalables des enseignants auront-elles un impact sur l’accueil qu’ils réservent pour cette politique? À l’aide de l’échelle du New Ecological Paradigm développé par Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig et Jones (2000), cette étude mesure les valeurs environnementales des enseignants d’un conseil scolaire francophone du Nord de l’Ontario et évalue l’accueil qu’ils réservent à la politique d’éducation environnementale pour ensuite vérifier s’il y a une relation entre ces facteurs. Les résultats démontrent que le groupe accueille la politique de façon plutôt favorable. Les valeurs environnementales semblent exercer une influence sur l’attitude qu’adoptent les enseignants face à celle-ci, mais c’est vraisemblablement dans le niveau d’action qu’ils entreprendront que cette influence se manifestera.

Habitat conservation planning under the Endangered Species Act has been compared to ecosystem management by Secretary of Interior, Bruce Babbitt. Yet, ecosystem management, an emerging paradigm for public lands management, has not been defined or criteria established for determining if actions indeed follow it. This thesis addresses ecosystem management through the review of current literature and develops a set of criteria that fall into the following five topic areas: ecological orientation, time and spatial scales, human roles in management, management actions, and data collection. After a comparison of the criteria to five case studies of habitat conservation plans, it is determined that habitat conservation planning is not ecosystem management. A discussion of how habitat conservation planning could be more like ecosystem management further concludes that the Endangered Species Act may not be the only appropriate place for ecosystem management legislation to be. Local and state governments may be better suited to address ecosystem management in the context of habitat conservation planning. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) use has grown enormously on Utah’s public lands and is one of the most contentious and difficult issues for federal, state, and local land management agencies to address and provide for. Despite OHV use’s meteoric rise in popularity and its ongoing public conflicts, little is known about OHV recreationists. This thesis develops a typology that identifies within-activity differences related to recreation specialization; it also determines differences in OHV owners’ environmental attitudes and motivations. Findings show Utah’s owners comprise a range of use along the recreation specialization continuum. Results also indicate that an OHV owners’ specialization level is not a significant determinant of either their environmental attitude or four out of the seven given motivations for participation in the activity. Specialization is, however, directly correlated to three specific motivation domains: achievement/stimulation, independence, and meeting new people. Overall, the recreation specialization framework, broadly interpreted, was successfully utilized to develop a typology of use which can inform resource management decisions.

Environmental attitudes are shaped by a variety of factors including our educational history, cultural background, childhood and life experiences, and past and current interactions with nature. This research set out to examine attitudes toward the environment in an understudied but growing segment of the Canadian population, homeschoolers. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether environmental attitudes in Canadian homeschoolers differ from those of people involved with public school and to acquire a greater understanding of the factors that affect the development of these attitudes. The mixed method, follow-up explanatory research design utilized the New Ecological Paradigm Scale and the Connectedness to Nature Scale in an internet survey. The survey was sent to homeschooling and parent groups across Canada. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with a subsample of respondents. The results of the survey showed that demographic variables were not significantly related to environmental attitude scores with the exception of locale and religion. Urban respondents had slightly stronger environmental attitudes than rural respondents. The confluence of homeschooling and religiosity emerged as the key factor influencing environmental attitudes. There was no significant difference between environmental attitudes of homeschoolers and public schoolers until importance of religion was taken into account. As measured by the scales, religious homeschoolers exhibited the weakest environmental attitudes, public schoolers were in the middle, and not-as-religious homeschoolers had the strongest environmental attitudes. The qualitative data supported these results, with religious homeschoolers expressing weaker iv environmental attitudes, particularly in terms of climate change and the need for a more sustainable lifestyle. Religious homeschooling respondents favoured a more structured back to basics style of schooling which also correlated with lower environmental attitude scores. Unstructured homeschooling respondents tended to choose a child-centred philosophy of education which was correlated with stronger environmental attitudes. During the interviews, respondents were asked to reflect on what in their lives had influenced their attitudes toward the environment. Consistent with other literature, unstructured outdoor time as a child remained the most significant factor, cited by a majority of respondents. Other important factors included religion, parents, school, teachers, TV/media, economic necessity, and negative experiences with environmental pollution. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering variables associated with religion when exploring the development or level of environmental attitudes or when conducting a study of homeschooling. Religious beliefs are complex and highly personal in some cases, as is their corresponding influence on environmental concern. Potential exists for environmental concern and action from a group of spiritual people with strong community bonds and often political involvement. The key may be finding common ground and learning to communicate, while resisting expectations of complete agreement. This dissertation showed that stepping outside of the educational system does not necessarily have a direct impact on environmental attitudes, as they are mediated by a complex array of variables. Homeschooling may not directly generate a different level of environmental attitudes than public school; however, religious v homeschoolers definitely have a different set of attitudes toward the environment that deserve further in-depth study.

This article is abour the social siruation of the families and their children. The author uses rbe ecological paradigm whicb undersrands behavior as the result of a mutual and reciprocal exchange between tbe organism and the environment. Using statistical data from the WHO and UNICEF, he tries to demonstrare the possible consequences of certain social situations and the demografic contex on the oportunities of children's development. The different levels of ecological dimensions of the family are described and the negative effects of poverty and adverse family conditions are pointed out. / El artículo trata de la situación social de las familias y los niños. El autor usa el paradigma ecológico que intenta comprender el comportamiento como la resultante de un intercambio mutuo y recíproco entre el organismo y el medio. Partiendo de datos estadísticos de la OMS y UNICEF trata de demostrar las consecuencias posibles de ciertas situaciones sociales y del contexto demográfico sobre las oportunidades de desarrollo de los niños. Se destaca la importancia de los diferentes niveles de las dimensiones ecológicas de la familia y se alerta sobre los efectos nocivos que tienen en los niños la pobreza extrema y las condiciones familiares de gran adversidad.

Project Learning Tree (PLT) is an international environmental education (EE) program designed for educators working with children and youth. In Mississippi, roughly 700 educators are trained yearly in using PLT curricula; however, how and if teachers use knowledge gained from these workshops remains unknown. This study addresses the environmental awareness and use of PLT curricula in traditional classroom of primary and secondary teachers in Mississippi. Using PLT participant survey data, individuals trained during the years 2009-2013 were surveyed using Qualtrics Survey Software. Mississippi teachers appear to have ecocentric worldviews, above average environmental knowledge, and have incorporated PLT lessons into their classroom curricula. Teachers’ subject areas appear not to affect their usage of PLT, while motivation for incorporating and attending PLT workshops appears to have minor effects. Results of this study can be used to increase the efficiency of PLT workshops, as well as mitigate barriers to incorporating PLT into classrooms.

Flygresor utrikes har ökat markant sedan 1990. För att begränsa utsläppen av växthusgaser kan andra transportmedel som tåg vara väsentliga för att ersätta flyg. Emellertid har ofta tågresor en längre restid och ett högre biljettpris. En effektiv åtgärd för att jämna ut prisförhållandet mellan flygresor och andra transportmedel kan vara genom koldioxidskatter. Studien ska ge en uppfattning om studenters betalningsvilja för en koldioxidskatt, eftersom det finns en forskningslucka för det området, samt att det finns en kontrovers om villigheten att stödja miljöbeskattning. Syftet är att förbättrade policys ska kunna utvecklas utifrån studenters åsikter och tankar kring betalningsvilja och koldioxidskatter. Syftet är även att undersöka vilket sambandet är mellan betalningsvilja och upplevd kunskap och attityd till miljön. Studien är utförd genom Contingent valuation method där studenter ställs inför en hypotetisk resa för att kunna undersöka deras betalningsvilja, priskänslighet vid prisökningar, samt skäl och drivkrafter för valet av transportmedel. Resultatet från studien visar att respondenternas betalningsvilja är hög och att det finns en villighet att betala för en koldioxidskatt. Resultat indikerar att det finns ett samband mellan stor kunskap om klimatförändringar och hög betalningsvilja. Generellt sett visar sig samtliga respondenter ha en miljövänlig attityd men inget samband till betalningsviljan kan identifieras. / Air travel abroad has increased significantly since 1990. In order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from flights, other transport such as trains could be an essential alternative. However, train travels often mean longer travel time and a more expensive ticket price. An effective measure to even the price ratio between flights and other transport could be through carbon taxes. The study should provide a perception of students' willingness to pay since this area has shown a research gap. Also, there is a controversy of people's willingness to support environmental taxation. The study seeks to look into students' opinions and thoughts regarding willingness to pay and a carbon tax so improved policies could be developed. The purpose was also to study how willingness to pay for a carbon tax relates to an experienced state of knowledge of climate changes and attitude towards the environment. The study was performed with the Contingent valuation method where students were faced with a hypothetical trip, in order to examine their willingness to pay, price sensitivity when price increases, also reasons and driving forces for the choice of means of transport. The results show that the respondent’s willingness to pay is high and that there is a willingness to pay for a carbon tax. The results also indicate a relation between high knowledge of climate changes and high willingness to pay. In general, all respondents reveal an environmentally friendly attitude, however it does not show a connection to their willingness to pay.