M.A. / Many studies of regional disparity in South Africa have focused on rural and urban developmental inequality. This research essay sets out to create an exploratory understanding based on an in-depth analysis of South African provincial inequality. The analysis was done by examining the theories related to economic development and then by analysing current economic development. The purpose of this research is to determine the cause of the widening developmental gap among different provinces in South Africa. Case studies were used to examine the widening poverty gap in countries such as Indonesia, Canada and China within the context of their experiences of provincial developmental disparities. Budget allocation and programmes such as IDP and IDZ are discussed within the context of examining whether the SA provincial disparity is diverging or converging.

M.Com. (Economics) / The objective of this thesis is to describe the nature of the South African economic system for the period 1970-1985 in macroeconomic terms. As an introduction to the specific analysis of the South African economic system, the author also discusses the socio-economic nature of economic systems per see Based on an identification- and classification framework which was developed as a result of a literature survey in this regard, the author made extensive use of the Quarterly Bulletins of the South African Reserve Bank and the South African Statistical Service's two-yearly publication of collective South African statistics in order to analyse the nature and extent of the most important macroeconomic variables in the South African economy. As a resu 1t of the macroeconomic analysis, the author came to a number of conclusions regarding the South African economic system during the period 1970-1985. The conclusions were, inter alia: The South African economic system could best be described as a mixed economy in which the Government played a substantial and increasingly important role in terms of its contribution to the GDP and other important macroeconomic variables. Although South Africa experienced an average increase in its real GDP of approximately 2,6% per year, the country had an average yearly population growth of 2,8% during the relevant period, with the result that the real per capita GOP in 1985 was lower than the corresponding 1970 figure. It should also be noted that the GOP declined in real terms for the first time in fifty years between 1981 and 1983 and between 1984 and 1985. Other meaningful conclusions concerned the drastic decline in the purchasing power of the Rand, the substantial influence of the foreign sector of the economy, the disparity between the average compensation packages for the White and Nonwhite subgroups of the population, the changing importance of the different sectors of the economy in terms of their contribution to the GOP and other economic variables, an increase in the percentage of women who were active in the economy during this period, the poor performance of the multi input index of productivity, sharp fluctuations in company savings and a greater reliance on passive forms of business income.

Understanding the triggers of the intention was, is and will be at the heart of scholars’ preoccupations when dealing with the universe of entrepreneurship. This unique pioneering research aimed at comparing the Malagasy main ethnic groups in terms of measures of cultural dimensions and perceived desirability and examining the effects of this perceived desirability on the relations between cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial intention. A non-experimental cross-sectional survey, based on a cluster sampling with quota approach comprising three sub-samples of ethnic groups and a structured questionnaire directly administrated by trained interviewers, was the source of data of the research. The use of relevant robust statistical tests characterised the data processing of the research, which revealed that there is no important difference in the measures of cultural dimensions among main ethnic groups in Madagascar’s rural areas. The level of perceived desirability and the relationships between cultural dimensions and entrepreneurial intention are not importantly moderated by perceived desirability among the main ethnic groups in Madagascar’s rural areas. Furthermore, it has been discovered that to some extent, Madagascar would not be a country of ethnic diversity and beginning to understand the Malagasy entrepreneurial profile based on cultural dimension, perceived desirability and entrepreneurial intention is possible. Within the context of an unprecedented level of poverty of the population of Madagascar, which strangles the way to a harmonious and sustainable development, the findings of the research would make an invaluable contribution to the setting up or the refining of policies and strategies targeting the promotion of entrepreneurship in general and self-employment in particular. It is broadly acknowledged that the key to alleviating poverty is based on the encouragement of self-employment of all individuals.

MSc (Med) Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009 / Focus in public health research is shifting to the role of socio-economic factors in the promotion of health. Hence, an understanding of the roles socio-economic factors plays in improving health and health-seeking behaviour is important for public health policy. This study examined the relationship between socio-economic factors and HIV infection in rural Limpopo Province South Africa, an area characterized by poverty differentials and migration. Various possible social and economic risk factors (such as nationality, education status, marital status, employment status, migration status and socio-economic status) for HIV infection are analysed and discussed. This is secondary data analysis was carried out during the period June 2001 to March 2005 among 2345 14-35 year old residents in eight (8) villages in rural Limpopo. Married participants (OR 0.53 [95%CI 0.28 – 1.00]), those from poor (OR 0.49 [95%CI 0.28-0.85]) and less poor households (0.38 [95%CI 0.21-0.70]) are less likely to contract HIV infection. Noteworthy from these analyses also is the increased risk for HIV infection seen among female participants, those not currently schooling (OR 1.9 [95%CI 1.2 – 3.3]) and non-South African citizens (OR 5.18 [95%CI 1.04-25.8]). Conclusion: Women, out-of school youths and non South African citizens are shown to be high-risk population groups for HIV infection. HIV prevention programs that target identified vulnerable population groups and increased social support for the family may contribute to mitigating the spread of HIV in rural South Africa.

by Gladys Yue Wing-fan, Eric Liu Tai-loi. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-133). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.ix / CHAPTERS / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.5 / Researching Publications --- p.5 / Attending Seminar --- p.6 / Conducting Interviews --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- SHANGHAI --- p.8 / Background Information --- p.8 / The New Development Areas of Shanghai --- p.10 / Hongqiao New Area --- p.11 / Caohejing --- p.11 / Minhang --- p.12 / Pudong 一 Manhattan of the East --- p.12 / Waigaoqiao-Gaoqiao Sub-Area --- p.14 / Qingningsi-Jinqiao Sub-Area --- p.15 / Liujiazui-Huamu Sub-Area --- p.16 / Zhoujidu-Liuli Sub-Area --- p.16 / Beicai ´ؤ Zhangjiang Sub-Area --- p.17 / Preferential Treatment for Investors in Pudong New Area --- p.17 / Statistics of Pudong --- p.20 / Chapter IV. --- INDUSTRIAL MIX OF SHANGHAI --- p.22 / Seven Pillar Industries --- p.22 / Foreign Investment --- p.24 / Favorable Investment Environment --- p.24 / Area for Improvement --- p.27 / Chapter V. --- TERTIARY INDUSTRY OF SHANGHAI --- p.29 / Retail Market --- p.29 / China Market --- p.29 / Shanghai Retail Market --- p.30 / Big Spenders --- p.31 / Hong Kong Seizes the Opportunities --- p.33 / Prospects of Retail Market --- p.33 / Financial Business --- p.34 / A Financial Centre in the Making --- p.34 / Merrill Lynch --- p.36 / Commodities Exchanges --- p.37 / Real Estate --- p.38 / Two Prongs Policy --- p.38 / Residential Space --- p.39 / Office Space --- p.40 / Retail Space --- p.41 / Chapter VI. --- GROWTH OF SHANGHAI --- p.42 / Grand Development Strategy --- p.42 / Tertiary Industry --- p.45 / Development Strategy --- p.47 / Threats / Chapter VII. --- FINANCIAL CENTRE IN SHANGHAI - INDISPENSABLE FOR CHINA IN THE PROCESS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT --- p.53 / Fund for Development for China --- p.53 / Shanghai Assuming an Important Role --- p.54 / Chapter VIII. --- SHANGHAI FINANCIAL INDUSTRY - A CLOSER LOOK --- p.56 / The Shanghai Securities Market --- p.56 / Shanghai Securities Exchange --- p.56 / The Investors have Come of Age --- p.58 / A Tale of Two Cities --- p.59 / STAQ --- p.61 / Banking --- p.62 / Earlier Banking Reforms --- p.62 / Banking in Shanghai --- p.66 / Major Banks --- p.66 / City of Choice --- p.66 / New National Banking Laws and Opportunities for Shanghai --- p.67 / Major Players in Shanghai Financial Market --- p.69 / New Development --- p.70 / Expansion of the Shanghai Securities Exchange --- p.71 / Secondary Overseas Listing --- p.71 / National Foreign Exchange Centre --- p.71 / ADR Representative Office --- p.73 / CDR (Chinese Depository Receipt) --- p.73 / Year 2000 --- p.74 / Chapter IX. --- "A, B, H SHARES RED CHIPS AND THE ROLE OF HONG KONG" --- p.75 / B shares --- p.75 / Distinction Beween H Shares and Red Chips --- p.78 / Red Chips --- p.78 / H Shares --- p.79 / Strategic Importance of Listing/Acquisition of Companies in Hong Kong to China --- p.79 / ADR --- p.80 / "Comparison of A, B and H Shares" --- p.81 / B Shares are Losing Ground --- p.81 / Importance of H Shares to Hong Kong --- p.82 / Chapter X. --- FIELD WORK AND RESEARCH --- p.85 / Position of Hong Kong --- p.86 / Comparison between Shanghai & Hong Kong --- p.88 / Financial Knowledge/Skilled Personnel --- p.88 / Staff Turnover --- p.89 / Recruitment --- p.90 / Standard International Practice --- p.90 / Guanxi/Bureaucracy --- p.90 / Telecommunication IInfrastructure --- p.91 / Shanghai Surpassing Hong Kong as the Major Financial Centre --- p.91 / Problems Facing Shanghai in the Course of Developing its Financial Market --- p.98 / Lack of Free Competition --- p.98 / Inherited Banking Problems of a Centrally Planned Economy --- p.100 / Lack of Well Written Regulations and Legal Structure --- p.102 / Unclear Directions --- p.103 / Inconvertibility of RMB --- p.105 / Government Intervention --- p.106 / Lack of a Powerful Central Bank --- p.107 / Developing/Immature Market --- p.107 / Cumbersome Administrative System --- p.109 / Accounting Practice --- p.110 / Inexperienced Workforce --- p.111 / Space Shortage --- p.113 / Infrastructure --- p.114 / Escalating Labor Cost --- p.115 / No Freedom of Information Dissemination --- p.115 / Potential Competition from other cities --- p.116 / Chapter XI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.118 / APPENDIX / Chapter 1. --- MAP OF SHANGHAI --- p.120 / Chapter 2. --- MAP OF NEW DEVELOPMENT AREAS OF SHANGHAI --- p.121 / Chapter 3. --- VARIOUS FORMS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT --- p.122 / Chapter 4. --- OUTLINE OF THE INTERVIEW QUESTIONS --- p.124 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.128

Kar-yiu Wong. / Title also in Chinese. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 244-248.

論文(碩士)--香港中文大學, 1974. / Ms. / Includes bibliographical references (l. 93-97). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1974. / Chapter 第一章 --- 平城 / Chapter 第一節 --- 平城的創建　 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 平城居民數字的估計 --- p.14 / Chapter 一 --- 道武帝以前的情形 --- p.15 / Chapter 二 --- 道武帝與明元帝時代 --- p.17 / Chapter 三 --- 太武帝時代　 --- p.22 / Chapter 四 --- 文成帝與献文帝時代 --- p.26 / Chapter 五 --- 孝文帝時代 --- p.27 / Chapter 第三節 --- 平城的經濟情況　 --- p.29 / Chapter 一 --- 前言 --- p.29 / Chapter 二 --- 平城前期是農業與畜牧游獵並重 --- p.31 / Chapter 三 --- 平城後期是農業重於游獵　 --- p.44 / Chapter 四 --- 北魏時代平城附近的自然資源　 --- p.46 / Chapter A --- 鹽 --- p.46 / Chapter B --- 漁 --- p.47 / Chapter 五 --- 結論 --- p.48 / Chapter 第二章 --- 洛陽 / Chapter 第一節 --- 北魏洛陽城郭圖觀念的形成 --- p.58 / Chapter 第二節 --- 繪北魏洛陽城郭圖後新發現諸問題 --- p.62 / Chapter 一 --- 坊里數目很難與古籍所載契合 --- p.62 / Chapter 二 --- 大市周圍諸里秩序或有掉亂　 --- p.63 / Chapter 三 --- 不能入圖的坊里 --- p.64 / Chapter 四 --- 靈臺位置　 --- p.65 / Chapter 第三節 --- 古籍所載輿閻實測图中遺跡相符合處 --- p.67 / Chapter 第四節 --- 關於北魏洛陽城郭圖的一點說明　 --- p.69 / Chapter 第五節 --- 北魏都洛時代洛陽的居民數字 --- p.71 / Chapter 第六節 --- 洛陽的都市性質 --- p.76 / Chapter 一 --- 政治性都市 --- p.76 / Chapter 二 --- 計劃性都市　 --- p.76 / Chapter 三 --- 消費性都市 --- p.78 / Chapter 第三章 --- 鄴都 / Chapter 第一節 --- 鄴都的人口 --- p.82 / Chapter 第二節 --- 鄴都的經濟 --- p.86 / 結論　 --- p.91 / 參攷書目　 --- p.93 / Chapter 附图一 --- 水經濟图所附之平城图 / Chapter 二 --- 閻文儒：漢魏洛陽城實測图 / Chapter 三 --- 北魏洛陽城郭图 / Chapter 四 --- 水經濟圖所附之鄴城图

So Pik-ki. / Thesis submitted in: October 2001. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.7 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.12 / Chapter III. --- WTO ACCESSION --- p.27 / Characteristics of WTO Accession --- p.27 / Accession Procedure: --- p.28 / Chapter IV. --- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S WTO ACCESSION (1986~1999) --- p.31 / Phase 1: Encouraging initial stage (1986~1989 May) --- p.32 / Phase 2: Years of Silence (1989 Jun ~1992 Feb) --- p.34 / Phase 3: Dashing for WTO founding member status (1992 Feb ~1994 Dec) --- p.36 / Phase 4: China changed negotiation ATTITUDE( 1995~1996 Mar) --- p.39 / Phase 5: Stage towards success (1996 Mar~1999) --- p.42 / 1996 --- p.42 / 1997 --- p.45 / 1998 --- p.46 / 1999 --- p.48 / Chapter V. --- HYPOTHESIS --- p.51 / Hypothesis 1: China's economic growth is negatively related to China's aspiration for accession --- p.52 / "Hypothesis 2: The desire to participate in forthcoming new negotiation forums as a WTO member boosted china's aspiration for accession, and thus lead to more concessions from china" --- p.58 / Hypothesis 3: Increase in absolute value of US' trade deficit with China raised us' demand for china's concession； and this demand for concession aimed to reduce the value of trade deficit of us with china --- p.61 / Hypothesis 4: DISTRIBUTIVE conflicts of benefits and costs associated with China's economic reform haMpered its accession into the WTO --- p.67 / Chapter VI. --- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: --- p.80 / BIBLIORGRAPHY: --- p.84 / Table 1: Meetings of China working group of WTO and GATT --- p.87 / Table 2: Progress of China's accession into the WTO --- p.89 / Table 3: Events related to foreign countries --- p.108

by P. Ruby Lee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-80). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.1 / Chapters / Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Motivation and Issues --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of Study --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Thesis Outline --- p.7 / Chapter Two --- Literature Review --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Retail Structural Change --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Economic Reform and Institutional Change --- p.19 / Chapter Three --- Conceptual Outline of Evolution --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Acting Agents --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Stimuli and Source of Evolution --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Implication of Causality to Retailing --- p.33 / Chapter Four --- The Evolution of Retailing in China --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- A Snapshot of History --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Crystallisation of Retail Life --- p.42 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Structure of Causality and the Modes of Behaviour --- p.45 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.59 / Chapter Five --- Conclusion & Implication --- p.65 / Reference --- p.73

Law, Wai Hin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-109). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / Table of Content / List of Abbreviation / Preface / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Aim of Study / Chapter 1.2 --- Theoretical approach / Chapter 1.3 --- Methodology / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance / Chapter Chapter Two --- Theory / Chapter 2.1 --- International Political Economy (IPE) / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mainstream IPE / Chapter 2.1.2 --- New IPE / Chapter 2.2 --- About theorizing change of the Greater Pearl River Delta / Chapter 2.3 --- Region / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Globalization / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Regional integration / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Regional integration in East Asia / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Sub-regional integration in East Asia / Chapter 2.4 --- National and sub-national Politics and centre-local relation: China / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary / Chapter Chapter Three --- Substantive Focus: the integration of the GPRD from the early 1980s to2004 / Chapter 3.1 --- The integration of Hong Kong/Macau and the Pearl River Delta before / Chapter 3.2 --- A period of break between 1997-2001 / Chapter 3.3 --- A new phase of development starting from 2002 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Evaluation of New International Political Economy / Chapter Chapter Five --- Conclusion