本文扩展了由Chari, Kehoe和McGrattan最初开创的Business Cycle Accounting 方法，利用两国开放经济模型研究中国经常账波动的根源。本文从模型得出的五个一阶条件方程和两个产出方程中，量化衡量了代表不同市场扭曲程度的7个变量。其中包括两国分别的生产力扭曲程度、劳动市场扭曲程度、资本市场扭曲程度，以及两国风险共担的程度。本文通过将得出的代表市场扭曲程度的变量逐一逆向回代入模型中，进一步分解了各个变量对中国经常账波动的贡献度。利用1978年至2010年中国和美国的数据，本文得出结论认为中国的经常账波动与劳动力市场扭曲具有最密切的关系，其次是资本市场扭曲。生产力的提高和中美两国的风险共担程度对中国经常账的影响甚微。同时结果表明，中美两国的真实利率差距也对中国经常账有显著影响，中国的真实利率相对美国而言较高。 / This paper extends the original Business Cycle Accounting exercise developed by Chari, Kehoe, and McGrattan to a two-country open economy model. To identify the sources of China’s current account fluctuations, I measure seven wedges from five first-order conditions and two productivity functions, including the productivity wedges, labor wedges, and investment wedges in both China and the US, as well as the risk sharing wedge between the two countries. Then I incorporate the measured wedges back into the model to decompose their contributions to the behavior of real current account. With the use of real data (beginning 1978) on China and the US, the accounting procedures suggest that the behavior of China’s current account is best explained by labor wedges, followed by investment wedges. The productivity wedges and risk sharing wedge between the two countries impose minor effects. Results also indicate that the spread of real interest rates in China and the US significantly influences China’s current account surplus, and that the real interest rates in China is relatively higher than those of the United States. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Yuan, Xiaochuan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-76). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature on the Current Account of China --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Saving and investment --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Financial imperfections --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3 --- Exchange rate --- p.7 / Chapter 2.4 --- Income and growth --- p.9 / Chapter 2.5 --- Multiple reasons --- p.10 / Chapter 2.6 --- Improvement policies --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- Facts on China’s Current Account --- p.13 / Chapter 4 --- Two-Country Open Economy Model --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1 --- Household --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2 --- Firm --- p.20 / Chapter 4.3 --- Government --- p.21 / Chapter 4.4 --- Two-country problem --- p.21 / Chapter 4.5 --- Definitions of the wedges --- p.23 / Chapter 5 --- Measuring the Wedges --- p.25 / Chapter 6 --- Accounting Procedure --- p.32 / Chapter 7 --- Further Implications --- p.38 / Chapter 8 --- Conclusions --- p.41 / Chapter 9 --- Data Appendix --- p.46 / Chapter 9.1 --- Data source --- p.46 / Chapter 9.2 --- Variables --- p.46 / Chapter 9.3 --- Parameters --- p.49 / Chapter 9.4 --- Robust check --- p.50 / Chapter 10 --- References --- p.71

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by Poon Ka-Yee. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38). / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.vi / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- OBJECTIVE --- p.2 / Chapter III. --- MODEL --- p.4 / Chapter IV. --- ANALYSIS --- p.6 / Government --- p.6 / Rent --- p.7 / Tax --- p.7 / Form of Business --- p.9 / Demand Condition --- p.10 / Factor Condition --- p.11 / Related and Supporting Industries --- p.13 / Material Suppliers --- p.13 / Banking --- p.14 / Stock Market --- p.16 / Accounting and Auditing --- p.16 / Insurance --- p.17 / Advertising --- p.17 / Arbitration system --- p.17 / Foreign Exchange System --- p.18 / "Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry" --- p.19 / Chance --- p.19 / Chapter V. --- ANALYSIS RESULT --- p.22 / Favorable Industry --- p.24 / Accounting & Auditing --- p.24 / Steel Production --- p.26 / Favorable but Restrictive Industry --- p.28 / Mobile Phone --- p.28 / Oil Refinery --- p.30 / Unfavorable but Protective Industry --- p.32 / Computer hardware and software production --- p.32 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.33 / Chapter VII. --- FURTHER RESEARCH --- p.35 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.36

by Lee Ming-Kwong, Tam Yuen-Man. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-152). / ABSTRACT --- p.III / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.V / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.IX / LIST OF TABLES --- p.X / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.XI / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- COUNTRY PROFILE --- p.3 / Chapter III. --- VIETNAM MARKET POTENTIAL --- p.4 / Chapter IV. --- RECENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS --- p.6 / Economy --- p.6 / "The ""Doi Moi ´ح reforms" --- p.6 / 1989onward --- p.7 / Inflation --- p.8 / A three year low inflation of 4.8% is recorded in 1996 --- p.8 / Interest Rate --- p.10 / "Maximum Lending Rate Has Been Cut For the Fourth Time, to 1.5% per month" --- p.10 / Interest Rate Cuts Will have Minimal Impact on Economy- --- p.11 / The Paradox of Surplus Capital in a Cash-strapped Economy --- p.12 / Exchange Rate --- p.12 / Vietnamese Dong to Depreciate Marginally in 1996 --- p.12 / Tight Regulations Contributed to the Stable National Currency --- p.13 / The Dong Has Been Supported by Massive Inflows of Foreign Capital --- p.13 / Dong is Roughly 25% Overvalued --- p.14 / Gradual Adjustment of the Dong is Expected in 1997 --- p.14 / Planning the 2000s --- p.15 / Chapter V. --- THE EIGHTH PARTY CONGRESS --- p.17 / Chapter VI. --- STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES (SOEs) REFORM AND RESTRUCTURING --- p.20 / Liberalization of management --- p.21 / Forming large strong conglomerates through merging --- p.22 / Forming conglomerates in strategic areas --- p.23 / Cutting the fat --- p.24 / Chapter VII. --- EQUITIZATION OF STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES (SOES) IN VIETNAM --- p.28 / What is Equitization of State-owned Enterprises (ESE) in Vietnam ？ --- p.28 / The Equitization process and implementation in Vietnam --- p.29 / Some good news --- p.30 / Government Has Stepped Up Equitisation Drive --- p.32 / A New Decree Aimed to Stimulate Equitization --- p.33 / Problems of equitization --- p.34 / New Incentives Should Ease Management's Fears --- p.39 / Chapter VIII. --- FINANCIAL SYSTEM --- p.41 / State Bank of Vietnam's Evolving Role --- p.42 / reserve Requirements not Effectively Used as a Monetary Instrument --- p.42 / Interbank Domestic Currency Market --- p.42 / Interbank Foreign Exchange Market --- p.42 / A Forward Market is Expected to Be Introduced in 1997 --- p.43 / State Banks Still Dominate the Commercial Bank Sector --- p.44 / New Policies Are Expected to Help Joint-Stock Banks --- p.46 / Chapter IX. --- CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT --- p.47 / Capital Market Development One of Vietnam 's Priorities --- p.47 / Money Market - Debt Securities --- p.48 / T-bills Have Been Issued Since Early 1991 --- p.48 / New People 's T-bonds Have Been Issued for Individual Investors --- p.49 / Vietnam's First Dollar Convertible Bonds Were Issued in July 1996 --- p.50 / International Bond Issue is Unlikely Despite Clearing of Commercial Debt --- p.51 / Capital Market - Equities Securities --- p.52 / Patience is Required for a Workable Stock Market --- p.52 / National Exchange Committee is a Prerequisite for Future Exchange --- p.53 / Accounting and Auditing Standards to Be Completed in 1998 --- p.54 / Foreign Assistance Will Speed Up Development of Crucial Elements --- p.54 / Coffee Shop' Exchange --- p.55 / Chapter X. --- PRIVATIZATION: FROM EQUITIZATION TO PUBLIC OFFERING --- p.56 / Factors influencing the selection of privatization methods --- p.56 / Motivation for privatization --- p.57 / Financial and social conditions --- p.59 / Privatization Techniques --- p.62 / Chapter 1. --- Contracting-out --- p.62 / Chapter 2. --- Deregulation --- p.63 / Chapter 3. --- Trade sales --- p.63 / Chapter 4. --- Management-employee buyouts --- p.64 / Chapter 5. --- Joint ventures --- p.65 / Chapter 6. --- Share Offerings --- p.66 / Preparing enterprises for privatization --- p.68 / Chapter 1. --- Feasibility assessment --- p.68 / Chapter 2. --- Preparation stage --- p.68 / Chapter XI. --- ACCOUNTING AND VALUATION --- p.70 / Accounting issue --- p.70 / Valuation issues --- p.72 / Chapter XII. --- VALUATION OF SOE --- p.74 / Chapter 1. --- Corporate valuation --- p.74 / Net Asset Value (NAV) --- p.74 / Chapter 2. --- Business valuation --- p.76 / Chapter (a) --- Discounted cash flow --- p.76 / Chapter (b) --- Price-earnings method --- p.78 / Chapter 1. --- "Assessing the ""Earnings""" --- p.78 / Chapter 2. --- Setting the multiple (P/E ratio) --- p.79 / Chapter 3. --- Special Consideration --- p.79 / Chapter 3. --- Composite basis valuation --- p.80 / Difficulties in emerging market valuation --- p.80 / Absent of open capital market --- p.81 / Property or land use rights --- p.81 / Chapter XIII. --- S PRICE --- p.82 / Chapter 1. --- Price in Flotations --- p.82 / Chapter 2. --- Consideration for pricing the SOEs --- p.83 / Chapter XIV. --- PRIVATIZATION-A REFERENCE TO OTHER COUNTRIES --- p.84 / United Kingdom --- p.86 / Privatization --- p.86 / Chapter 1. --- Which companies to privatize? --- p.86 / Chapter 2. --- Pre-privatization restructuring --- p.87 / Chapter 3. --- The role of the capital markets --- p.87 / Chapter 4. --- The role of Foreign direct investment --- p.89 / Chapter 5. --- Methods of Privatization --- p.89 / France --- p.91 / The objectives of French privatizations: --- p.91 / Privatization --- p.92 / Chapter 1. --- Pre-privatization restructuring --- p.92 / Chapter 2. --- The role of capital markets --- p.92 / Chapter 3. --- The role of foreign direct investment --- p.93 / Chapter 4. --- Method of privatization --- p.94 / Chapter 5. --- Accounting implications of privatization --- p.95 / Korea --- p.96 / Objectives of privatization --- p.96 / From 1968 to the early 1980s --- p.97 / The 1987privatization programme --- p.97 / The new privatization policy in 1993 --- p.98 / The role of foreign direct investment --- p.99 / Thailand --- p.100 / Objectives --- p.100 / Privatization --- p.100 / Chapter 1. --- Which companies to privatize? --- p.100 / Chapter 2. --- Pre-privatization enterprise restructuring --- p.101 / Chapter 3. --- The role of the capital market --- p.101 / Chapter 4. --- The role of foreign direct investment --- p.102 / Chapter 5. --- Methods of privatization --- p.103 / Chapter XV. --- CHINA'S EXPERIENCE --- p.104 / Reform of State-owned Enterprises in China --- p.104 / Development of China Securities Market --- p.106 / China's Shareholding System --- p.109 / Primary types of shares in Chinese shareholding enterprises --- p.109 / Chapter XVI. --- DISCUSSION --- p.111 / Going Public: advantage and disadvantage --- p.111 / vietnaM'S CONCERN --- p.114 / Chapter 1. --- A stock market or a securities market --- p.114 / Chapter 2. --- The Primary Market --- p.115 / Market participants and intermediaries --- p.115 / Market Commodities --- p.118 / Chapter 3. --- The secondary market --- p.120 / The Stock Exchange --- p.120 / Stock exchange ownership --- p.121 / Chapter 4. --- Dealing Mechanism --- p.123 / Electronic dealing and trading system --- p.126 / Chapter 5. --- Settlement and Clearing --- p.128 / Chapter 6. --- Legal framework and supervision --- p.129 / Chapter 7. --- Foreign Participation --- p.131 / Chapter XVII. --- CONCLUSION --- p.132 / APPENDIX 1 --- p.134 / APPENDIX 2 --- p.136 / APPENDIX 3 --- p.137 / APPENDIX 4 --- p.138 / APPENDIX 5 --- p.139 / APPENDIX 6 --- p.143 / APPENDIX 7 --- p.144 / APPENDIX 8 --- p.145 / APPENDIX 9 --- p.146 / APPENDIX 10 --- p.147 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.148

by Xiao Jianwei. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 50). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- SHENZHEN: AN OVERVIEW AND BRIEF HISTORY --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Shenzhen: An Overview --- p.3 / Chapter 2.2 --- Shenzhen: A Brief History --- p.4 / Chapter 3. --- SHENZHEN'S FALLING COMPETITIVENESS --- p.6 / Chapter 3.1 --- Rumored Exodus of Shenzhen's Leading Companies --- p.6 / Chapter 3.2 --- Hong Kong's Economic Downturn --- p.6 / Chapter 3.3 --- Shenzhen's Weakened Prestige after China's WTO Accession --- p.7 / Chapter 3.4 --- Freeze on New Listings on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange --- p.8 / Chapter 3.5 --- Falling Foreign Direct Investment --- p.8 / Chapter 3.6 --- Reasons behind Shenzhen's Falling Competitiveness --- p.9 / Chapter 4. --- SHENZHEN'S COMPETITORS --- p.10 / Chapter 4.1 --- Shanghai --- p.10 / Shanghai: An Overview --- p.10 / Pudong: An Overview --- p.14 / Shanghai's Threats to Shenzhen --- p.15 / Chapter 4.2 --- Guangzhou --- p.17 / Guangzhou: An Overview --- p.17 / Guangzhou's Threats to Shenzhen --- p.19 / Chapter 4.3 --- Zhuhai --- p.20 / Zhuhai: An Overview --- p.20 / Zhuhai´ةs Threats to Shenzhen --- p.21 / Chapter (1) --- The Hong Kong - Macau - Zhuhai Bridge --- p.21 / Chapter (2) --- Zhuhai to Become a Hub in the Pearl River Delta --- p.23 / Chapter (3) --- Zhuhai to Become a Regional Convention and Education Center --- p.24 / Chapter (4) --- Relocation of Enterprises from Shenzhen to Zhuhai --- p.25 / Chapter (5) --- Development of Zhuhai's Uninhabited Islands --- p.26 / Chapter 4.4 --- Dongguan --- p.26 / Dongguan: An Overview --- p.27 / Dongguan's Threats to Shenzhen --- p.29 / Chapter 4.5 --- Suzhou --- p.29 / Suzhou: An Overview --- p.30 / Suzhou's Threats to Shenzhen --- p.31 / Chapter 5. --- SHENZHEN: SWOT ANALYSIS --- p.33 / Chapter 5.1 --- Comparison of Key Data of Shenzhen and Its Competitors --- p.33 / Chapter 5.2 --- Shenzhen's Strengths --- p.35 / Chapter (1) --- Unique Location --- p.35 / Chapter (2) --- Hi-Tech and Financial Sectors --- p.36 / Chapter 5.3 --- Shenzhen's Weaknesses --- p.37 / Chapter (1) --- Rising Costs --- p.37 / Chapter (2) --- Awkward Status --- p.38 / Chapter 5.4 --- Shenzhen's Opportunities --- p.38 / Chapter (1) --- Development of the Greater Pearl River Delta --- p.38 / Chapter (2) --- Closer Integration with Hong Kong --- p.39 / Chapter (3) --- Inflow of Goods and Talents from Hong Kong --- p.40 / Chapter (4) --- Increased Number of Tourists to Hong Kong via Shenzhen --- p.41 / Chapter (5) --- Construction of the Shenzhen - Hong Kong Western Corridor --- p.42 / Chapter 5.5 --- Threats to Shenzhen --- p.42 / Chapter 6. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.44 / Chapter 6.1 --- Focus on Hi-Tech and Financial Industries --- p.44 / Chapter 6.2 --- Support Big Companies --- p.44 / Chapter 6.3 --- Merge Baoan and Longgang Districts into the SEZ --- p.46 / Chapter 6.4 --- Implement 24-Hour Border Crossing at the Luohu Port --- p.47 / Chapter 6.5 --- Other Measures --- p.48 / Chapter 7. --- CONCLUSION --- p.49 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.50

Tsang Heung Chun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-105). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgment --- p.ii / List of Tables --- p.v / List of Illustrations --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Section 1.1: --- Motivation and Issues --- p.1 / Chapter Section 1.2: --- Contributions --- p.2 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter Section 2.1: --- Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter Section 2.2: --- A Review of the Literature on Regional Inequality in China --- p.6 / Chapter Section 2.3: --- A Review of the Literature on Chinese Economic Growth --- p.7 / Chapter Section 2.4: --- A Review of the Literature on Labour Quality Indices --- p.9 / Chapter Section 2.5: --- Conclusion --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Theoretical Framework --- p.13 / Chapter Section 3.1: --- Introduction --- p.13 / Chapter Section 3.2: --- Growth Accounting --- p.13 / Chapter Section 3.3: --- Inequality Decomposition --- p.17 / Chapter Section 3.4: --- Conclusion --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Estimation Issues --- p.25 / Chapter Section 4.1: --- Introduction --- p.25 / Chapter Section 4.2: --- Model Specification --- p.25 / Chapter Section 4.3: --- Estimation Methods and Strategy --- p.32 / Chapter Section 4.4: --- Conclusion --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Quality of Labor: A Detour --- p.39 / Chapter Section 5.1: --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter Section 5.2: --- Methodology for Calculating the Labour Quality Indices --- p.39 / Chapter Section 5.3: --- Empirical Results of Labour Quality Indices --- p.43 / Chapter Section 5.4: --- Conclusion --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Estimation of Provincial Production Functions: A Prelude To The Decomposition Exercise --- p.47 / Chapter Section 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.47 / Chapter Section 6.2: --- Estimation Results --- p.47 / Chapter Section 6.3: --- Sources of Provincial Growth --- p.49 / Chapter Section 6.4: --- Conclusion --- p.55 / Chapter Chapter Seven --- Decomposition of Inter-Provincial Inequality: Empirical Results --- p.56 / Chapter Section 7.1: --- Introduction --- p.56 / Chapter Section 7.2: --- Inter-provincial Inequality: The Trend --- p.56 / Chapter Section 7.3: --- Empirical Results of the Decomposition Exercise --- p.58 / Chapter Section 7.4: --- Conclusion --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter Eight --- Conclusion --- p.68 / Appendix Data Description --- p.73 / Tables --- p.78 / Illustrations --- p.89 / References --- p.101

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As a growing developing economy, China impressed the world by its astonishing growth rate and fast structural transformation. Mean-while, the openness also increased a lot after China adopted the reform and opening up policy in 1978. This paper first constructs real GDP, capital and labor series in China from 1952 to 2012 following instructions by some scholars, and then uses the simple growth accounting method to show that the agricultural productivity growth plays an important role in structural transformation: higher agricultural productivity growth accompanies with further structural transformation, or, lower agricultural employment share. And the role does not change much when the openness of China becomes higher, inconsistent from the outcome of Matsuyama (1992) at a first glance. / 作為一個在成長的發展中國家，中國驚人的增長率和快速的結構轉型給世界留下了深刻的印象。同時，在中國1978 年實行改革開放的政策後，中國的開放程度也大大增加。本文根據一些學者提供的思路構建了中國1952 至2012 年的實際GDP、勞動力及資本的時間序列，然後用簡單增長核算方法展示了農業的生產率增長在結構轉型方面的重要角色：更高的農業相對生產率增長會伴隨更深的結構轉型。當中國的開放程度變高時，這種角色沒有太多改變。初步地看，這和Matsuyama (1992)文中的描述並不一致。 / Chen, Xilu. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 11, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (MSc (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2007 / The main objective of this study is to identify the socio-economic factors associated with the level of annual farm turnover of emerging farmers in South Africa. This study defines emerging farmers as those farmers that are participating in the market and have intentions to produce and sell more. The study is based on a randomly selected quota sample of 500 emerging farmers surveyed from the nine provinces of SA in 2005. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and logistic regression are used to analyse the data. Factor analysis is used to determine the emerging farmers’ access and utilization of agricultural infrastructure and support services. The logistic regression is used to predict the likely positioning of emerging farmers in the high and low farm turnover groups. Farm turnover is based on how a farm household organizes and manages its resources and how it is able to interact with the outside stakeholders. The level of annual farm turnover is categorized into four groups, low turnover group 1 (LTG1), low turnover group 2(LTG2), high turnover group 1 (HTG1) and high turnover group 2(HTG2). Whilst many studies on constraints to production in agriculture in South Africa have identified infrastructure as such a constraint, few have attempted to study the extent to which emerging farmers are able to access and utilize output markets infrastructure. The results show that the local output markets are generally more accessible to emerging farmers. Access to external markets is absent. The implication of this is that it is important for policymakers to know that farmers access output markets in a package form and that the role of locating output markets in centers can stimulate agricultural and rural development. The creation of favourable environments for the participation of emerging farmers in the mainstream of the economy has been the most significant initiative in promoting structural change, away from subsistence farming towards commercialization of agriculture in South Africa. Despite the new opportunities that have been created to facilitate participation of emerging farmers in the first economy, emerging farmers continue to face a host of challenges ranging from socio-economic to farm based constraints. These constraints have made some emerging farmers to fall in the high farm turnover group and others in the low farm turnover group. Logistic regression analysis is used to identify socio-economic factors that place emerging farmers in one group versus the other and to identify constraints faced by emerging farmers. Six logistics models are developed to distinguish emerging farmers in one group from another. Model 1 compares the HTG2 and the LTG1. The factors that increase the likelihood of being in an HTG2 rather than in an LTG1 are farm size, level of education, sugar farming, tarred road to the local fresh produce market, distance to the output market, being NAFU (National African Farmers Union) membership, and access to ground water. Horticulture and livestock farming decrease the chances of being in the HTG2. Factors that increases the likelihood of being in the HTG2 rather that LTG2 are farm size, level of education, sugar farming, road conditions to the local fresh produce market and access to ground water. Farm structure decreases the chances of being in the HTG2. The main factors affecting most of the emerging farmers in South Africa are the size of farm, level of education, distance to output market which leads to lack of transport and that most of the emerging farmers uses surface water for irrigation. Some of the farmers face poor road condition to the output market and they produce less to the output market. Access to high value commodities such as sugar does increase. The policy required to encourage commercialization must be tailored to the needs of the different categories of emerging farmers in South Africa. The low turnover group of farmers appears to contain community garden farmers. These farmers will require the comprehensive set of programmes that are commonly recommended. The programmes include land reform, educational programmes, infrastructural services, marketing and / Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa