O presente estudo avalia a percepção de potenciais usuários da Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia sobre seus possíveis impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais em 7 municípios, no Estado do Tocantins. Foram entrevistados 24 indivíduos representantes do poder público, da iniciativa privada, de entidades de classe e de organizações não-governamentais ambientalistas. Como evidência de campo, verificou-se que, no rio Araguaia, a limitada infra-estrutura operacional, instalada em 1998, está completamente deteriorada e que as embarcações estão sem uso desde 2000. No rio Tocantins, verificou-se a inexistência de eclusas que permitam vencer os desníveis naturais mais agressivos, aumentando a navegabilidade e possibilitando o tráfego dos comboios. Diante disso, pode-se afirmar que a Hidrovia ainda está longe de se consolidar como um modal de transporte alternativo para o Estado. Quanto à opinião dos entrevistados, de modo geral,consideram interessante, oportuna e estratégica a presença da Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia em seus municípios, principalmente para o transporte de insumos e produtos. A despeito da pouca nformação de que dispunham sobre sua dimensão, potencial e impactos, manifestaram expectativas positivas quanto aos aspectos econômicos e sociais e negativas quanto aos ambientais. Vários assinalaram que o lento processo de implantação compromete sua inserção nos projetos institucionais ou empresariais e causa descrença sobre sua consolidação. A análise estatística dos dados de campo, realizada através de uma regressão do tipo stepwise, revela que os agentes econômicos relacionam a importância da Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia para seus municípios aos impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais que ela possa causar. Os resultados individuais mostraram-se significativos, segundo o nível de probabilidade “p”, para as variáveis selecionadas pelo modelo, sob α = 0,20(erro tipo I) estabelecido à priori. Foram significativos e positivos os coeficientes das variáveis geração de emprego e renda, oferta de serviços estruturais municipais e valor das propriedades ribeirinhas e, negativos, os coeficientes das variáveis conhecimento e informação sobre a hidrovia, atividades de indústria e comércio, atividades de turismo e oferta de serviços sociais municipais. A variável atividades de agricultura não foi significativa. O grupo focal, realizado com a finalidade de ampliar a discussão qualitativa sobre a Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia, foi consensual em relação aos benefícios econômicos e sociais proporcionados ao Estado do Tocantins e aos circunvizinhos. Porém, alertou sobre os possíveis impactos negativos no meio ambiente, especialmente no Rio Araguaia. Em linhas gerais, o estudo permitiu concluir pela necessidade e benefícios de serem consideradas as impressões qualitativas dos potenciais usuários na avaliação de viabilidade econômica de projetos de infra-estrutura de transporte. Tais impressões serviriam como parâmetros de ponderação dos aspectos quantitativos levantados pelo empreendedor, favorecendo a escolha do empreendimento mais adequado sob o ponto de vista econômico, social e ambiental. Sobre a implantação efetiva da Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia, no Estado do Tocantins, alerta-se para os impactos que ela possa causar. Ainda que sob o ponto de vista comum sejam esperados benefícios econômicos e sociais, sob o ponto de vista ambiental a sensação é de perda de qualidade. O Rio Araguaia, pela sua juventude e fragilidade dos ecossistemas que congrega,exige tratamento especial, baseado num cuidadoso plano de intervenções, que respeite suas características naturais, bem como as das espécies e populações que o habitam, inclusive a humana. O Rio Tocantins, ainda que menos indefeso pela sua maior idade, precisa de tratamento adequado, uma vez que dele depende não só a Hidrovia Tocantins e o projeto multimodal de transporte mas,também, todo o projeto de geração de energia hidrelétrica do Estado. / The present study aims to evaluate the perception of potential users of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway concerning the possibility of economic, social and environmental impacts in 7 municipalities, in the State of Tocantins. For this purpose, 24 individuals representing the government, private sector and non-government environmental organizations, have been interviewed. Field evidences shows that in the Araguaia River the limited operational infrastructure, installed in 1998, is completely deteriorated and that the ships have not been used since the year 2000. It has been, in the Tocantins River, noticed the nonexistence of dams, which allow to regulate the more aggressive natural differences in the river levels, increasing the navigability of the convoys. Therefore, it can be stated that the waterway is still far from it’s consolidation as a transportation alternative for this State. As for the opinion of those who have been interviewed, in general, the presence of the Tocantins- Araguaia Waterway in their municipalities is considered interesting and strategic, mainly for the transportation of inputs and finished goods. Despite the little information available as to its dimension, potential and impacts, positive expectation have been manifested as to economic and social aspects, and negative as to environmental aspects. Several of them stated that the slow process of implantation difficult its introduction in the projects or enterprises and causes the incredibility over its consolidation. The statistical analysis of the field data, made through a stepwise regression reveals that the economic agents relates the importance of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway for their municipalities to the economic, social and environmental impacts that it might cause. The individual results are significant, according to the confidence level p , for the variables selected by the model, under α = 0,20 (tipe I error) à priori determined. The coefficients of the variables job creation and income improvement, municipal social service offer and the value of the water side properties were significant and positive and the coefficients of the variables knowledge and information on waterway, commercial and industrial activities, tourism activities, and the municipal social service offer, were negative. The variable agricultural activities was not significant. The focal group about Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway was consensual over the economic and social benefits for the State of Tocantins. However, the group warned about possible negative impacts in the environment, especially in the Araguaia River. In general, the study permitted to conclude for the necessity and benefits to consider the qualitative impressions of the potential users in the evaluation of the economic viability of transportation infrastructure projects. Such impressions would serve as parameters of the qualitative aspects brought forward by the entrepreneur, improving the choice of the most adequate enterprise under the economic, social and environmental aspects. As for the effective implantation of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway, in the State of Tocantins, the impacts that it may cause should be brought forward. Although economic and social benefits are expected, the perception is of loss of the environmental quality. The Araguaia River, because of its youth and ecosystems fragility, demands a special treatment, based on a careful plan of interventions, that respects its natural characteristics, as well as the species and populations that inhabit it, including the human. The Tocantins River also needs a proper treatment due to the Tocantins Waterway, the multimodal transportation and the hydroelectric generation projects of the State, which depends on it.

The aim of the thesis is a description and characterization of the most important impacts and effects which are associated with the renewal of monument. The renewal has a huge impact on the monument itself. It is a way how to preserve the existence of monument for the future. When the monument is integrated again into a contemporary community, it brings new economic benefits which give the monument a new sense of being and give it the chance to be conserved and protected for next generations. This new economic role of the monument has to be considered only with the respect to its historical and artistic value. The existence of monument affects also its surroundings in many ways. Monument has an obvious impact on landscape, the view of horizon and also influences the quality of life of people living in the vicinity. Monument can enrich leisure time of local people or turists. It can be also the key factor for developing of tourism, incoming investments and prosperity of this locality. Monument could not be considered in isolation of its surroundings because it creates together a complex which influences the monument, and on the other hand, which is influenced by the monument.

The purpose of this study was to determine the local economic impact of alternative state budget reductions for Texas community colleges by investigating the income losses to the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) if state appropriations were reduced by 10, 15, and 20 percent. The objective of this study was achieved through an economic analysis of the local economy of selected MSAs and by computing the income size which was generated by selected colleges. Eight community colleges located in eight MSAs participated by answering mailed questionnaires. The model of Direct Economic Impact was applied to describe the colleges' economic impact. The model was composed of college expenditures, employee expenditures, student expenditures, and the economic multiplier. The study revealed that the selected community colleges were responsible for creating new jobs and increasing the income of the local economies. These eight colleges were responsible for increasing the income of the local economies by $294,945,560 and for creating 5,129 jobs. Reduction in state appropriations to the selected community colleges will reduce the income they produce. A state appropriation cut of 10 percent will result in a loss to the local economy of $6,153,951. A 15 percent reduction in state appropriations will cause the local economy to lose $9,230,943. A 20 percent reduction in state appropriations will reduce the local economic income by $12,307,920.

The stretch of California Route One (Highway 1) from the City of San Luis Obispo reaching north to the Monterey County line is one of the most scenic drives in the United States. This stretch of highway is a destination in its own right; so much so, the San Luis Obispo North Coast Scenic Byway is federally designated as an All-American Road, the highest scenic designation of any road or highway in the nation. There has been a history for funding the preservation and enhancement of these roads; however, it was removed in 2012. Even with the lack of current funding opportunities, the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) continues to recognize the importance of the corridor in attracting valuable tourism revenue thus commissioning this update and economic analysis. Through the economic analysis it was found that visitor spending in the byway region increased by 23% from over $500 million in 2006 to almost $656 million in 2012. In 2012, visitor spending related associated with scenic recognition and enhancement projects along the corridor was about $217,000 in direct revenue. As a result of research, outreach, and data analysis, this project did find that being scenic does make “cents.”

This project seeks to assess the impact of the sachet water industry on the health, socio-economic and the environmental situation of the inhabitants of Accra, the capital city of Ghana. In addressing the situation, the driving forces which have fuelled the shift of consum-er taste from the normal tap water and the traditional hand-tied-ice water products to the plastic sachet water (commonly known in as "Pure Water") are identified. Lack of access to continuous flow of improved water and the perceived poor quality of the urban water supply system as results of poor management structure are identified as some of the factors for the shift in consumers’ taste for plastic sachet and bottled drinking water. The quality of the plastic sachet is also assessed through the review of previous research results. These are confirmed by laboratory analysis of about six brands of plastic sachet water and two brands bottled drinking water. The laboratory analysis carried out assessed the microbial, physical and chemical quality of the various samples. To assess the health impacts of the products, the results from the analysis are compared with WHO guideline values and other international guideline values. Questionnaires are also administered to ascertain the socio-economic impacts of the products on the life of the young men and women as well sachet water manufacturers. From this, some measures are suggested as to how to mitigate the activities of the sachet water business to reduce its negative effects on the health, the environment and the socio-economic status of the inhabitants of the city.

Little is known about black fly pest species in Mississippi, other than research from the 1930s. A better understanding of the pest species that occur in Mississippi is important for human and animal health. My research focused on what species of black flies occur in Mississippi, their seasonality and distribution, and a detailed systematic survey of the primary pest species. Lastly, I attempted to quantify nuisance effects and economic impacts of black flies on people, backyard poultry, and livestock. I examined scientific literature and records of black flies occurring in the southeastern U.S., and particularly Mississippi. This search revealed several unpublished manuscripts by Dr. George H. Bradley on the biology, ecology, and control of black flies in the Mississippi Delta during the 1930s. These publications were curated and made available to the scientific community. I identified and compiled an annotated list of larval, pupal, and adult stages of black flies occurring in Mississippi, derived from specimens housed in the Mississippi State University Entomological Museum (MEM). These specimens had been collected over several decades by a variety of entomologists, students, and the public. In addition, I included data from thousands of black flies collected during this project. To assess seasonality and relative abundance of the primary pest black fly species in Mississippi, I systematically collected adult black fly specimens for two years, documenting species present, seasonality, adult emergence patterns, and associated meteorological conditions. These ten sites were selected based on Dr. George Bradley's extensive work and complaints from local county extension agents, veterinarians, and municipal public works personnel. For economic, human, and animal health impacts of black flies, I employed a four-tiered approach: 1) a survey of lay and medical literature for reports of human health problems from black fly bites, 2) a query of city and county public works personnel concerning black fly nuisance effects, 3) an analysis of statewide hospital outpatient International Classification of Diseases-9 (ICD-9) discharge data and lastly, 4) a statewide survey of backyard poultry owners to ascertain animal health and monetary impacts from black flies.

O presente trabalho busca analisar a dinâmica econômica dos fluxos da pecuária bovina no Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e identificar sua distribuição geográfica dentro do estado. Dado que as barreiras sanitárias e técnicas constituem, atualmente, alguns dos principais obstáculos ao comércio internacional, o conhecimento sobre as características dessa dinâmica e a identificação dos municípios centrais na pecuária do estado permitem analisar o processo de difusão da febre aftosa no MS em um eventual de surto da doença. Dessa forma, foram identificadas as áreas de maior risco de ocorrência e de potenciais maiores impactos econômicos. A metodologia aplicada consiste na análise de redes socioeconômicas, construídas a partir das Guias de Trânsito Animal registradas no estado em 2014 e 2015. Verificou-se que a movimentação dentro do MS se traduz em redes fortemente conectadas, o que poderia resultar em uma alta velocidade de difusão da doença no território. Os municípios de Campo Grande, Corumbá e Ribas do Rio Pardo mostraram-se os mais centrais nesse processo, pois recebem e enviam muitos animais para outros municípios, além de atuarem como intermediadores de fluxos animais dentro das redes de movimentação. Por conta do fornecimento de animais para outros estados, a difusão pode ocorrer a nível nacional, elevando os impactos econômicos da doença. Nesse sentido, foram estimadas as perdas de exportação e custos de controle do último surto de febre aftosa ocorrido no MS, em 2005/2006. As exportações do estado recuaram 81% em 2006, com relação ao ano anterior. A partir do modelo teórico de simulação e das estimativas de custos do último surto, conclui-se que, diante de uma potencial difusão de febre aftosa, com origem no MS, os impactos diretos na pecuária bovina seriam significativos, o que torna indispensável a promoção de estudos sobre impactos e riscos da entrada e difusão da doença no país, de modo a otimizar a alocação de recursos em termos de sua prevenção e, em caso de crise, no Plano de Emergência. / This work seeks to analyze the economic dynamics of cattle flows in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state and to identify their geographic distribution within the state. Given that sanitary and technical barriers are currently some of the main obstacles to international trade, knowledge about the characteristics of this dynamics and the identification of central municipalities in terms of livestock flows allow analyzing the diffusion process of the foot-and-mouth disease in MS in a possible outbreak. In this way, the municipalities with the greatest risk of occurrence and potential economic impacts were identified. The applied methodology consists on socioeconomic network analysis, constructed from the Animal Transit Guides registered in MS in 2014 and 2015. The cattle movement within MS produces heavily connected networks, which could result in a high-speed dissemination of the disease in the territory. The municipalities of Campo Grande, Corumbá and Ribas do Rio Pardo were the most central in this process, since they receive and send many animals to other municipalities, besides acting as intermediaries of animal flows within the movement networks. Due to the supply of animals to other states, the diffusion can occur at a national level, raising the economic impacts of an outbreak. In this sense, the export losses and the costs of emergence to control last FMD outubreak in MS, in 2005/2006, were estimated. The State exports declined 81% in 2006, compared to the previous year. Considering the theoretical model of simulation and the costs and losses estimated for the last outbreak, we conclude that a potential diffusion of the FMD, originating in MS, might generate significant direct impacts on livestock. This conclusion highlights how essential it is to promote studies about the impacts and risks of the FMD entry and diffusion in Brazil, in order to optimize the allocation of resources to prevention strategies and, in case of an outbreak, to implement the Emergency Plan.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-06-13T13:21:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL MARIA PRADO.pdf: 2251918 bytes, checksum: de70c45b9649b80ee1ed9c581877a9cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T13:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL MARIA PRADO.pdf: 2251918 bytes, checksum: de70c45b9649b80ee1ed9c581877a9cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-18 / This dissertation has the objective of understanding the impact of the socialeconomics results of the installation of Perdigão/BRF in the city of Rio Verde, located in the south-west region of the state of Goiás. The present work was developed through 1990’s decade, and expanded its activities to outside the South region of Brazil, installing a new unity in the South-west of Goiás, more specific in Rio Verde. The agroindustry industry, had been attracted to the region due to, overall, the production capacity of seeds (corn and soy), it’s fiscal tax breaks, and financial incentives offered by the federal, state and city governments, beyond low ambient restrictions in the management of waste. The implantation of the company had start various economic and social impacts, part attributed to the company, either on the urban as well as rural zones, not limiting to the approached city. That been said, transformations on the urban zone (new neighborhoods, new industries, trade and services increase, new jobs, etc.), in the rural zone (chicken and pig flock’s growth, a new integration system, rural establishments increase, integrated associations, etc.), in relation to social effects (IDM, Educational HDI, Incoming HDI, Age HDI and Gini’s Index), and external negatives (violence increase and ambiently infractions occurrence), there were no sufficient elements to prove that the impacts had come exclusively by the implementation of this company in the region. In this context, its noticeable that the consolidation of CAI of meats and the integration of these three complexes (corn, soy and meat) transformed and keep transforming the reality of Rio Verde as well as Goiás’s South-west, promoting the economic development of the city and it’s region. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender os impactos socioeconômicos resultantes da instalação do complexo agroindustrial da Perdigão/BRF no município de Rio Verde, localizado na microrregião Sudoeste do estado de Goiás. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio das pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo. A Perdigão, a partir da década de 1990, expandiu suas atividades para fora da região Sul do Brasil, instalando uma unidade no Sudoeste goiano, mais especificamente em Rio Verde. A agroindústria foi atraída para a região devido, sobretudo, à capacidade produtiva de grãos (milho e soja) e aos incentivos fiscais e financeiros oferecidos pelos governos federal, estadual e municipal, além das baixas restrições ambientais no manejo e no uso de dejetos. A implantação da empresa na região desencadeou vários impactos econômicos e sociais, em parte atribuídos a mesma, tanto na área urbana quanto na rural, não se limitando ao município abordado. Assim sendo, transformações na zona urbana (novos bairros, novas indústrias, aumento do comércio e serviços, novos postos de trabalhos etc.), na zona rural (aumento do rebanho de aves e suínos, um novo sistema de integração, aumento dos estabelecimentos rurais, associações de integrados etc.), em relação aos efeitos sociais (melhora no IDM, IDH Educação, IDH Renda, IDH Longevidade e Índice de Gini) e externalidades negativas (aumento da violência e ocorrência de infrações ambientais), não houve elementos satisfatórios que comprovasse que os impactos foram advindos exclusivamente da implantação da empresa na região. Nesse contexto, nota-se que a consolidação do CAI de carnes e a integração de três complexos (milho, soja e carnes) transformaram e continuam transformando a realidade de Rio Verde e, consequentemente, do Sudoeste goiano, promovendo o desenvolvimento econômico do município e da região.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-08-24T13:05:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaime do Espírito Santo Vieira Júnior_.pdf: 1262907 bytes, checksum: 5b0e860885baf3f15b288d7feea6cf29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-24T13:05:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaime do Espírito Santo Vieira Júnior_.pdf: 1262907 bytes, checksum: 5b0e860885baf3f15b288d7feea6cf29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-29 / IFTO - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins / A agropecuária do Tocantins vem sofrendo significativas transformações. Essas transformações estão ligadas às políticas federal e estadual de apoio à fronteira agrícola (MATOPIBA), ao aquecido mercado de exportação de commodities (grãos/carne), a programas de financiamentos agrícolas públicos e privados, à ocupação de terras em pastagens por atividades agrícolas e à migração. Em geral, os impactos destes incentivos que geram transformações econômicas não recebem a mesma importância dos seus idealizadores. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as implicações da redução da atividade pecuária e aumento da atividade graneleira no estado do Tocantins, nos últimos 15 anos. Para alcançar os objetivos, foi realizada uma descrição conjuntural dos programas e intervenções estatais para promoção da agropecuária no Tocantins, onde se analisou a dinâmica e os efeitos econômicos causados. A importância desse estudo está no entendimento dos efeitos da redução da tradicional pecuária extensiva conjuntamente com o aumento da moderna agricultura tecnificada. Esse estudo viabiliza um melhor planejamento do futuro do Agronegócio tocantinense, apontando tendências que podem gerar efeitos inesperados. Nessa investigação foram usados dados secundários governamentais e não governamentais, entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas a duas propriedades rurais. Nesse sentido, verificou-se que o projeto de Campos Lindos (berço do MATOPIBA-TO), apesar da truculência na implantação e dos impactos gerados, foi o que colocou o Estado no patamar de maior produtor de soja da região Norte do Brasil, sendo esse incremento, junto com os preços baixos das terras tocantinenses os motivadores do processo migratório de produtores e empresas de originação de grãos para áreas tradicionais de pecuária nas regiões Centrais e a Oeste do Estado. A partir do ano 2000 verificou-se uma intensa modernização agrícola no Tocantins, principalmente no município de Porto Nacional. Nesse período, os dados econômicos do Tocantins sofreram alterações positivas, uma vez que houve significativos aumentos do PIB, PIB per capita, renda e IDHM conforme os dados levantados. / Farming of Tocantins has suffered significant transformations. These changes are linked to federal and state policies to support agricultural frontier (MATOPIBA), to the popular market of commodities export (grains/meat), to public and private agricultural financial programs, to occupation of land in pasture for agricultural activities and migration. In general, the economic impacts of these incentives that generates economic transformations don’t receive the same importance of its creators. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the implications of reducing livestock activity and increased graneleira activity in the state of Tocantins, the last 15 years. To achieve the objectives, a cyclical description of the programs was realized and State interventions to promote agribusiness in Tocantins, where farming dynamics and socioeconomic effects caused were analyzed. The importance of this study is in the understanding of the effects of changes in traditional extensive livestock modifications for the technical modern farming. This study enables a better future planning of Tocantins Agribusiness, mitigating unexpected effects. Governmental and non-governmental secondary data were used for this investigation, semi-structured interviews and visits into rural properties. In this sense, it was established that the Campos Lindos project (Cradle of MATOPIBA-TO), despite the implementation truculence and the economic impacts generated, that put the State in a high level as the biggest soybean producer of the northern region, being this increase, the motivator of the migration process of producers and grain origination companies to traditional areas of livestock in the Central regions and at West of the State. From 2000, a real agricultural modernization occurred in Tocantins, mainly in the municipality of Porto Nacional. During this period, the socioeconomic data of Tocantins suffered positive changes, once there were significant increases of the GDP, GDP per capita, income and HDI, according to the data collected.

The goal is to evaluate the impact of economic crisis on the export of Czech Republic. It also analyze the dependencies between selected countries in the export field. The work is based largely on statistical data and methods of statistical analysis (descriptive statistics and graphical outputs). The first outcome of this work is to evaluate the economic interdependence between the Czech Republic and neighboring states. Further, a prediction of the developments in the field of export into the future.