This study focuses on Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) in the three basins of the Witwatersrand’s goldfields in the Vaal River System in South Africa. AMD has become a highly contested issue. A difference in its definition exists between two groups of role-players identified in the study: government and consultants/activists/NGOs. This study unpacks the differences in the way AMD is defined, the situation of AMD in each of the three basins and the socio-economic implications caused by AMD. A crucial finding was that these definitions determine how the issue is understood and what solutions these role-players propose. The main purpose of the study was to determine whether the South African government’s policy response was appropriate given the socio-economic impacts of AMD and imperatives of sustainable development. This study concluded that, in the policy, there was no clear indication as to what the socio-economic impacts are, and limited attention was therefore given to these impacts. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

Submitted by Lucas Souza (souzalucasr@gmail.com) on 2014-11-22T09:11:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PPGE UFBA - Lucas Reis de Souza.pdf: 1902325 bytes, checksum: ed01b9b04d455a4bcecd923d4f3542dc (MD5) / Rejected by Vania Magalhaes (magal@ufba.br), reason: Lucas, favor inserir o abstract. Informo que as referências não são justificadas e os títulos das revistas tem a primeira letra de cada palavra em maiúscula. Veja tb que algumas citações com recuo estão sem espaçamento simples. Nas fontes das ilustrações o nome do autor ou instituição é em maiúscula. on 2014-11-24T14:12:30Z (GMT) / Submitted by Lucas Souza (souzalucasr@gmail.com) on 2014-12-01T14:47:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PPGE UFBA - Lucas Reis de Souza.pdf: 1864290 bytes, checksum: 0ab00bdecb628816ee13145e67a982b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vania Magalhaes (magal@ufba.br) on 2014-12-01T16:17:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PPGE UFBA - Lucas Reis de Souza.pdf: 1864290 bytes, checksum: 0ab00bdecb628816ee13145e67a982b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-01T16:17:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PPGE UFBA - Lucas Reis de Souza.pdf: 1864290 bytes, checksum: 0ab00bdecb628816ee13145e67a982b6 (MD5) / Instituto Brasileiro de Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis - IBP / Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar os impactos econômicos da atividade petrolífera – produção e recebimento de royalties – em municípios da Bahia no período de 2005 a 2010. Nesse contexto, as mudanças recentes na indústria petrolífera brasileira, decorrentes da promulgação da Lei do Petróleo de 1997, fizeram com que fosse necessário reavaliar a situação desses campos e seu potencial de produzir impactos econômicos positivos nos municípios em que estão localizados. O objetivo principal da análise quantitativa foi o de verificar se i) a produção de petróleo e gás natural, e ii) o recebimento de royalties têm algum impacto sobre o crescimento econômico dos grupos de municípios baianos em que isso ocorre. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de dados utilizando a metodologia de Painel Dinâmico Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), utilizando tanto o estimador Arellano-Bond (GMM-DIF) quanto o Arellano-Bover (GMM-SYS), e comparando seus resultados com outras metodologias de Painel Estático. Foi analisado o desempenho de municípios baianos produtores e não produtores de petróleo e gás, e de recebedores e não recebedores de royalties, bem como se há um efeito multiplicativo dos valores recebidos por esses municípios no período de 2005 a 2010, para os impactos dos royalties, e de 2007 a 2010, para os impactos da produção. Os resultados encontrados apontam que, em conformidade com a literatura sobre a “maldição dos recursos naturais”, há uma relação inversa entre arrecadação com royalties pelos municípios que recebem essa renda petrolífera e seu nível de renda, ainda que essa relação seja pouco relevante em termos econômicos. No entanto, as estimações realizadas apenas para os municípios produtores mostram que essa relação se inverte, tornando-se positiva, mas também de baixa magnitude. O mesmo ocorre quando se adiciona um termo interativo entre produção e royalties recebidos, que também apresenta um impacto positivo mas cuja magnitude é pouco relevante. Dessa forma, é plausível afirmar que, ainda que haja um impacto positivo no caso dos municípios produtores, há indícios de que esse impacto pode ser ainda maior, caso sejam adotados incentivos para o aumento da atividade petrolífera na região e políticas públicas que busquem atrelar as rendas petrolíferas recebidas por esses municípios a despesas como, por exemplo, saúde e/ou educação, além de exigir desses a adoção e divulgação de indicadores de governança mais robustos. / This study aims to evaluate the economic impacts of the oil and gas industry – production and royalties received – in municipalities in the state of Bahia between the years of 2005 and 2010. In this context, recent changes in the Brazilian oil and gas industry, resulting from the passing of the Petroleum Law of 1997, made it necessary to reevaluate the situation of these wells and their potential to generate positive economic impacts for the municipalities where they are located. The main objective of the quantitative analysis was to verify whether i) oil and gas production, and ii) receiving royalties had any impact on economic growth of the groups of municipalities where these occur. In order to accomplish that, an analysis of the available data was carried out with the methodology Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), using both the Arellano-Bond (GMM-DIF) and Arellano-Bover (GMM-SYS) estimators and comparing their results to those of other methodologies, namely Static Panel ones. The economic performance of producing and non-producing municipalities in Bahia, and of those that received and did not receive royalties was analyzed. Moreover, it was also evaluated whether or not there is a multiplicative effect of the royalty figures received by these municipalities during the period analyzed. Results show that, in accordance with the literature on the Curse of Natural Resources, there is an inverse relation between the collection of royalties and income levels for municipalities in Bahia, but this impact is of little economic relevance. However, estimations carried out solely for producing municipalities point to an inverse relationship in that sense, being positive for this specific group, but also of little economic relevance. A similar impact is observed when an interactive term including a dummy for production and the amount of royalties received is added to the model, also resulting in a positive but low economic impact. Thus, it is plausible to claim that even if there is a positive impact in producing municipalities steming from this activity, there is evidence that this impact could be even greater if incentives for the increase of production are provided for this region. In addition to that, public policies searching to bond oil incomes received by these municipalities to expenses in areas such as education and health, as well as more robust governance indicators, are also desirable in that sense.

Cultural tourism is a fast-growing sector in many countries. In South Africa, it is a key growth segment of local economic development (LED). South Africa is home to many cultural institutions such as museums, art galleries, theatres, monuments and festivals that – thanks to a growing number of international and local interests – encourage entrepreneurship and help generate local business growth and employment opportunities. South Africa’s Limpopo Province is predominately known for its wildlife and hunting tourism. However, it is endowed with many cultural institutions that are contributing significantly to the regional economy – specifically in the metropole of Greater Polokwane. As yet, no study has researched the size and impact of this cultural contribution on the local economy vis a vis more well-known tourism activities. This study sketches the size and nature of the cultural tourism industry in Greater Polokwane. In the first phase of the study, a database of formal cultural institutions in Greater Polokwane was created. In the study’s second phase, interviews with staff members of these institutions using both quantitative and qualitative methods, were conducted. The data revealed that most employees, including senior managerial staff, are local Black Africans. None of these cultural institutions are state funded; they all operate privately, but some are located on state-owned land. Thus, government support for cultural tourism in this region is minimal. Insufficient funds and resources inhibit the growth of this sector. Some employees expressed dissatisfaction with their working conditions and remuneration. Nonetheless, these cultural institutions generate local economic growth and employment opportunities. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management

Diploma thesis Batterer intervention programs as a way of increasing an effectiveness of prevention of domestic violence on women in the Czech Republic deals with the issue of domestic violence against women and its impact on the Czech state budget. On example of the impact of domestic violence on children as witnesses of this violence, I try to explain that through strengthening a prevention of domestic violence (public awareness, programs for children and therapeutic work with perpetrators) the economic impact could be reduce. The main aim of this study is to define all economic losses associated with domestic violence against women, describe how is domestic violence solved by government and whether this solution reflects the high risk of transmitting of violent patterns from parent to child. Aims of the study focuses on the economic losses associated with domestic violence against women dealing with domestic violence by the state and abroad reflection of good practice. Domestic violence is a serious social problem that we encounter in most cultures. It could happen in all socio-economic strata, regardless of age or race. According to international research (International against Women Survey, 2002 - 2003) we could conclude that 22 - 40 % of women had experienced during his life domestic. In...

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A structured questionnaire was used to survey the perceptions of programme coordinators, fieldworkers and beneficiaries of the role of church-based programmes in addressing HIV and AIDS in the inner-city of Durban. One hundred and ninety two respondents were recruited from seventeen churches. Findings indicate that fear of HIV- and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination abound. The material and spiritual roles of church-based programmes in addressing the needs of people infected with HIV and affected by HIV and AIDS were stressed by the respondents. Whereas programme coordinators were well informed about HIV and AIDS, information that can dispel fears about stigma and correct myths about HIV-transmission should be tailored to reach ordinary men and women. It is recommended that further research be conducted on the preventive aspects of church-based programmes in the Durban inner-city. / Sociology / M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

La preocupación por el Medio Ambiente y las consecuencias que su degradación pueda acarrear a las personas y a los bienes, se ha generalizado en las últimas décadas más que ningún otro sector. En la actualidad, ninguna actividad puede desarrollarse sin respetar el medio ambiente. La gestión de los puertos marítimos no ha sido ajena a esta tendencia y no han escapado tampoco los puertos pesqueros o deportivos donde también es necesario minorar cualquier forma de contaminación si se quieren limitar sus efectos negativos sobre el medio. La preocupación sobre los efectos repercutidos al medio ambiente, importarán los impactos negativos que las actividades pesqueras y de ocio repercutan, sea sobre recursos comunes o sobre el tejido social, a través de riesgos ambientales o sanitarios en sentido amplio, sobre la capacidad del entorno para absorber y regenerar desechos o sencillamente, para producir satisfacciones estéticas o de otro tipo. Los costes derivados de esos impactos dejarán, de ser externos al mercado y de ser sufragados por el conjunto de los ciudadanos, ya que afectarán directamente en buena medida, a las empresas turísticas. La calidad ambiental, pasará a ser clave para el éxito de un turismo de calidad y de muchas actividades de ocio, ya que la demanda de entornos no degradados implica la de una calidad ambiental alta, no sólo para turistas en el sentido estricto de la palabra, sino para cualquier “consumidor de ocio”. / Concern for the Environment and the consequences that might cause degradation to persons and property, has become widespread in recent decades than any other sector. At present, no activity can take place without respecting the environment. The management of seaports has not been immune to this trend and have not escaped either or sport fishing ports where it is also necessary to lessen any form of contamination if you want to limit their negative effects on the environment. Concern about the effects passed on to the environment, import the negative impacts of fishing activities and recreational impact, whether common or resources on the social fabric, through environmental and health risks in a broad sense, on the ability of the environment to absorb and regenerate waste or simply to produce aesthetic satisfaction or otherwise. The costs of these impacts will, if external to the market and be borne by all citizens, as it directly affects largely to tourism businesses. The environmental quality will be key to the success of a quality tourism and many leisure activities, as the demand for non-degraded environments involves a high environmental quality, not only for tourists in the strict sense of the word but for any "consumer of leisure".

The opening of the refugee camp in Dowa by the Malawi Government, with support from UNHCR meant that the population of that area was increased abruptly. This led to an increase in socio- economic activities resulting into high demand of energy, food and other amenities from the natural environment. The impact of the refugees on the host community and their relationship was central in this research. The main aim of the study was to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts for hosting refugees at the Dzaleka Refugee Camp in Dowa. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection. A structured questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect data and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16.0. In total, 237 household heads and 6 key informants were interviewed. In addition, 4 focus group discussions were conducted. Qualitative data, collected through focus group discussions helped in explaining and understanding the results from the questionnaire. The most evident environmental impacts reported by respondents were: deforestation and firewood depletion; land degradation and water pollution. It is important to note that such environmental impacts can affect the long-term livelihood opportunities of both refugees and host population. The camp establishment has had socio-economic impacts regarded as positive by the majority of the respondents. Although most hosts still struggle to survive, the camp has created a larger market for generating income and better opportunities to provide basic needs such as food and water. The majority of host respondents use the refugee camp for providing livelihoods. Most respondents reported that refugees are regularly benefitting from privileged access to resources unavailable to the local host population. In this respect, refugees at Dzaleka were offered opportunities for education, literacy, vocational training, health and basic livelihood. The most reported negative social impacts are exposure to more conflicts and increased insecurity. Both of these impacts relate to the relationship between the host community and refugee population. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

A structured questionnaire was used to survey the perceptions of programme coordinators, fieldworkers and beneficiaries of the role of church-based programmes in addressing HIV and AIDS in the inner-city of Durban. One hundred and ninety two respondents were recruited from seventeen churches. Findings indicate that fear of HIV- and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination abound. The material and spiritual roles of church-based programmes in addressing the needs of people infected with HIV and affected by HIV and AIDS were stressed by the respondents. Whereas programme coordinators were well informed about HIV and AIDS, information that can dispel fears about stigma and correct myths about HIV-transmission should be tailored to reach ordinary men and women. It is recommended that further research be conducted on the preventive aspects of church-based programmes in the Durban inner-city. / Sociology / M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)

A majority of the South African population live in poverty, particularly those in rural areas. During the year 2009, the South African government identified rural development as a key priority area in socio-economic issues and the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform was created to focus specifically on this issue. This was followed by the development of the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP). The CRDP is a government policy on rural development. The main focus of the programme is on agrarian transformation and land reform as pillars of rural development, alongside infrastructure provision such as housing, energy, sanitation, schools, clinics, boreholes and water reticulation system in rural areas. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the socio-economic impacts of the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP). The study used Muyexe village in Greater Giyani Local Municipality as a case study. The objectives of the study included assessing challenges facing the Muyexe village, such as provision of basic services, job creation, skills development and public amenities. The first phase of the literature review focused on the definitions of rural development, rural development theories, development challenges and approaches on rural development. The second phase of the literature review further explored the developmental challenges for rural areas in South Africa since 1994. For this study, the researcher collected the primary data by making use of face to face interviews, while secondary data was gathered from the compiled frameworks, policies, reports of government departments, books, journals, conference papers, proceedings, presentations and the internet. The findings showed that a lot still needs to be done with regards to the development of infrastructure such as road, transport and adequate access to basic services. It was also found that the unemployment rate in the area is a serious concern. It was raised that most of the jobs that were created were only on a short term basis, with lower wages. While the enterprises and cooperatives established were struggling with vii production and generating income. The recommendations intending to strengthen the implementation of rural development initiatives such as the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme to have a better model of addressing rural development that will yield tangible results of sustainable development were also provided / Geography / M. Sc. (Geography)