Bakgrund-Fotboll har gått från att vara en hobby till en professionell kommersialiserad industri därekonomi spelar en allt viktigare roll. En fotbollsklubb arbetar med flera dimensioner avframgång. Först och främst den sportsliga framgången som kan vara fotbollsklubbars tabellplacering eller antal titlar. Sedan finns ekonomisk framgång, till exempel vilkenekonomisk ställning fotbollsklubbar har. Det är rimligt att dessa dimensioner av framgång bör hänga ihop eftersom ekonomin sätter ramen för vilka spelare/tränare som fotbollsklubbar kanrekrytera, medan den sportsliga framgången bör generera ett högre kommersiellt intresse. Syfte-Utforska om det finns ett samband mellan sportslig framgång, i form av tabellplacering, och utvalda nyckeltal. Teori-Teorikapitlet inleds med generell teori angående nettoomsättningen, eget kapital ochkassaflödet som mått på framgång. Detta följs upp med ett avsnitt om sports management. Sedan förklaras Allsvenskans regelverk med bolagsform och regleringen av röstmajoritet. Därefter beskrivs tidigare forskning med hjälp av tidigare studier som undersökt sambandet mellan sportslig och ekonomisk framgång. Teorikapitlet avslutas sedan med hypoteser. Metod-En kvantitativ studie genomfördes där data från Allsvenskans fotbollsklubbars årsredovisningar använts för att göra korrelations- och regressionsanalyser i SPSS Statistics. Annan sekundärdata har inhämtats från vetenskapliga artiklar, litteratur och webbsidor. Slutsats-Slutsatserna som studien kommer fram till är: Det finns ett samband mellan en allsvensk fotbollsklubbs tabellplacering och nettoomsättning. Det finns ett samband mellan en allsvensk fotbollsklubbs tabellplacering och eget kapital. Det finns inget samband mellan en allsvensk fotbollsklubbs tabellplacering och kassaflöde. Nyckelbegrepp: Sportslig framgång, Ekonomisk framgång, Nettoomsättning, Kassaflöde,Eget kapital, Sports management, Allsvenskan, Fotboll. / Background-Football has gone from being a hobby to a professional commercialized industry where economics play an increasingly important role. A football club works with several dimensions of success. First and foremost the sporting success which could be football clubs table position or number of titles. Then there is financial success, such as the financial position of footballclubs. It is reasonable that these dimensions of success should interlink as the economy sets the framework for which players/coaches the football clubs can recruit, while sporting success should generate a higher commercial interest. Purpose-Explore whether there is a connection between sporting success, in the form of table position, and selected key performance indicators. Theory-The theory chapter begins with general theory regarding net sales, equity and cash flow as a measure of success. This is followed up with a section about sports management. Then the rules of Allsvenskan are explained by the corporate form and the voting majority regulation. Thereafter, the earlier research is described using previous studies that examined the link between sporting and economic success. The theory chapter is then concluded with hypotheses. Method-A quantitative study was conducted using data from the annual reports of football clubs participating in Allsvenskan to make correlation and regression analysis in SPSS Statistics. Other secondary data have been obtained from scientific articles, literature and web pages. Conclusions-The conclusions from this study are: There is a connection between the table position and the net sales for a football club participating in Allsvenskan. There is a connection between the table position and the equity for a football club participating in Allsvenskan. There is no connection between the table position and the cash flow for a football club participating in Allsvenskan. Key words: Sports success, Economic success, Net sales, Cash flow, Equity, Sports management, Allsvenskan, Football.

The relevance of the research is due to the increasing impact of socio-cultural factors on doing business in many international companies. The purpose of the research: to compare the cultural characteristics of Russia, Japan and Germany and determine their impact on doing business in international companies. The research object is the activity of international companies. The subject of the research is the socio-cultural factors that impact the conduct of business in international companies. Having identified economic factors using the method of Daniel Denison, we assess their impact on the economic factors that determine the success of large international companies in each of the countries by means of the correlation and regression analysis. Thus, we come to the conclusion that the most significant socio-cultural factors that impact the economic activity of companies include: involvement, consistency, adaptability and mission. These factors most fully describe the activities of the company's employees (the corporate environment, internal and external interaction) which in turn create the company's success. The practical significance of the research is determined by the fact that the data obtained can be used by international companies while doing business in Russia, Germany and Japan. / Актуальность исследования обусловлена все возрастающим влиянием социокультурных факторов на ведение бизнеса во многих международных компаниях. Цель исследования: выполнить сравнение культурных особенностей России, Японии и Германии и определить их влияние на ведение бизнеса в международных компаниях. Объектом исследования является деятельность международных компаний. Предметом исследования являются социокультурные факторы, оказывающие влияние на ведение бизнеса в международных компаниях. Выделив экономические факторы по методике Дениела Денисона, посредством корреляционного и регрессионного анализа мы оценили их влияние на экономические факторы, определяющие успешность деятельности крупных международных компаний каждой из стран. Таким образом, мы пришли к выводу, что, к наиболее значимым социокультурным факторам, влияющим на экономическую деятельность компаний, относятся: вовлеченность, согласованность, адаптивность и миссия. Эти факторы наиболее полно описывают деятельность сотрудников компании (корпоративную среду, внутреннее и внешнее взаимодействие), которые в свою очередь создают успех компании. Практическая значимость исследования определяется тем, что полученные данные можно использовать при ведении бизнеса с международными компаниями России, Германии, Японии.

Im ersten Aufsatz dieser Dissertation analysiere ich, wie sich ein negativer Arbeitsmarktnachfrage-Schock auf Fertilität auswirkt. Ich analysiere dies anhand des ostdeutschen Fertilitätsrückgangs nach dem Mauerfall und nutze unerwartete, exogene, und permanente Anpassungen der Arbeitsnachfrage, welche von industriellen Restrukturierungsprozessen resultierten. Ostdeutsche Frauen, die stärker vom negativen Arbeitsnachfrage-Schock betroffen waren, haben in den 1990er Jahren relativ mehr Kinder bekommen als jene Frauen, die von dem Schock weniger stark betroffen waren. Der Schock hat somit nicht nur das aggregierte Fertilitätsniveau gesenkt, sondern auch die Zusammensetzung der Mütter beeinflusst. Der zweite Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss staatlicher Hilfen auf den späteren ökonomischen Erfolg junger Flüchtlinge. Wir untersuchen dies anhand von ostdeutschen Flüchtlingen, die von 1946 bis 1961 nach Westdeutschland geflohen sind. Nur „politische Flüchtlinge“ hatten ab 1953 Anspruch auf Flüchtlingshilfen. Somit können wir Identifikations-Probleme adressieren, die durch Selektion entstehen. Es zeigen sich positive Effekte der Flüchtlingshilfen auf die Bildung, Jobs, und das Einkommen von Flüchtlingen, die als junge Erwachsene migriert sind. Wir finden keine vergleichbaren Effekte für Flüchtlinge, die als Kinder migriert sind. Das letzte Kapitel präsentiert Ergebnisse eines Projektes, das partiell die Lücke schließt, welche derzeit für Ostdeutsche in den deutschen Sozialversicherungsdaten existiert. Durch die Verknüpfung letzterer mit dem „Datenspeicher Gesellschaftliches Arbeitsvermögen“ der DDR von 1989 haben wir einen neuen Datensatz geschaffen, welcher Analysen von Phänomenen wie Arbeitslosigkeit, beruflicher und regionaler Mobilität ermöglicht. Der neue Datensatz kann auch dazu beitragen, das existierende Wissen über die individuellen Arbeitsmarktkonsequenzen des Mauerfalls zu erweitern. / In the first essay of this dissertation, I analyze how a negative labor demand shock impacts fertility. I analyze this question in the context of the East German fertility decline after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. I exploit differential pressure for restructuring across East German industries which led to unexpected, exogenous, and permanent changes to labor demand. I find that throughout the 1990s, women more severely impacted by the demand shock had relatively more children than their less-severely-impacted counterparts. Thus, the demand shock not only depressed the aggregate fertility level, but also changed the composition of mothers. The second essay explores the question of how refugee-specific aid impacts the medium-term economic success of young refugees. We address this question in the context of German Democratic Republic (GDR) refugees who escaped to West Germany between 1946 and 1961, exploiting that only the subgroup of "political refugees" was granted refugee-targeted aid, and that this only occurred after 1953. The quasi-experiment allows us to address identification difficulties resulting from the fact that refugees eligible for aid are both self-selected and screened by local authorities. We find positive effects of aid-eligibility on educational attainment, job quality and income among the refugees who migrated as young adults. We do not find similar effects of aid-eligibility for refugees who migrated as children. The final chapter of this thesis presents results of a project which partially closes a gap that currently exists for East Germans in the German social security data. By linking these data with the GDR's "Data Fund of Societal Work Power" from 1989, we have created a new data set that permits the analysis of phenomena such as unemployment, job mobility, and regional mobility. The new data set can also be used to refine existing knowledge of the individual-level labor market consequences of German reunification.