The paper considers the problems of the formation and processing of municipal solid waste, in particular rubber products. The lack of places for temporary storage of waste, the ill-conceived organization of selective collection, and untimely processing of waste negatively affect both the quality of life of the population and the quality of the environment. The problem of the formation and processing of rubber products (car tires) is considered the most acute in modern conditions. The paper analyzes the modern methods of recycling rubber products, substantiates the choice of the most optimal processing method - classical pyrolysis. The study provides a calculation of the economic feasibility of a project for the processing of car tires by pyrolysis. The environmental effectiveness of the project is also justified. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the selection of the optimal method for processing rubber goods, which has a minimally negative impact on the environment. / В работе рассматриваются проблемы образования и переработки твердых коммунальных отходов, в частности резинотехнических изделий. Отсутствие мест временного складирования отходов, непродуманная организация селективного сбора, несвоевременная переработка отходов отрицательно сказываются как на качестве жизни населения, так и на качестве окружающей среды. Проблема образования и переработки резинотехнических изделий (автомобильных шин) считается наиболее острой в современных условиях. В работе проведен анализ современных методов утилизации резинотехнических изделий, обоснован выбор наиболее оптимального метода переработки – классический пиролиз. В исследовании приведен расчет экономического обоснования проекта по переработке автомобильных шин методом пиролиза. Также обоснована экологическая эффективность проекта. Научная новизна исследования заключается в выборе оптимального метода переработки РТИ, оказывающего минимально негативное воздействие на окружающую среду.

Пластиковые отходы занимают первое место по стоимости и скорости накопления среди твердых коммунальных отходов. Вторичное использование отходов пластика способствует существенному сокращению использования первичных ресурсов, снижению вредного воздействия на окружающую среду. Цель исследования заключается в разработке практических рекомендаций по оптимизации схем переработки бытовых пластиковых отходов на основе оценки их эколого-экономической эффективности исходя из анализа существующей ситуации в системе обращения с отходами в Свердловской области. В работе проведен анализ региональной политики по обращению с отходами и опыта переработки твердых коммунальных отходов. Предложен проект по созданию производства по переработке ПЭТ-пластика с оценкой его эколого-экономической эффективности. Впервые количественно оценен дополнительный экологический эффект от замены первичного сырья на вторичное при реализации проекта. / Plastic waste takes first place in terms of cost and rate of accumulation among municipal solid waste. Recycling of plastic waste contributes to a significant reduction in the use of primary resources, reducing the harmful effects on the environment. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for optimizing recycling schemes for household plastic waste based on an assessment of their environmental and economic efficiency based on an analysis of the current situation in the waste management system in the Sverdlovsk region. The work analyzes the regional policy on waste management and the experience of processing municipal solid waste. A project is proposed to create a production for processing PET plastic with an assessment of its environmental and economic efficiency. For the first time, the additional environmental effect of replacing primary raw materials with secondary ones during project implementation was presented.

Cette thèse de doctorat propose une méthodologie d’identification et de quantification du gisement éolien dans un contexte insulaire caractérisé par une topographie complexe et une forte pression sur l’usage des sols, puis elle l’applique au cas de l’île de La Réunion. Notre approche est interdisciplinaire, faisant appel tour à tour au droit, à la géographie, à la statistique et à la physique pour quantifier le gisement éolien à l’île de La Réunion, puis à l’économie pour évaluer le coût d’exploitation de ce gisement et définir des politiques publiques de soutien à la production d’électricité éolienne. La première partie de la thèse évalue l’impact du cadre réglementaire foncier sur le potentiel éolien en termes de puissance éolienne crête installable à La Réunion. Ce cadre réglementaire est défini en termes de scenarios décrivant les enjeux sociaux et environnementaux propres à l’installation de capacités éoliennes à l’île de La Réunion. Une approche basée sur les Systèmes d’Information Géographique est développée pour identifier la répartition spatiale des sites éoliens accessibles en fonction de l’évolution du cadre juridique foncier à La Réunion. La deuxième partie de la thèse vise à quantifier le gisement éolien sur les sites accessibles du point de vue règlementaire. La thèse expose la méthodologie d’étude de la distribution jointe de la distribution de la vitesse et de la direction horizontales du vent basée sur une analyse des variations saisonnières et journalières, et identifie les différents régimes de vent en vigueur à La Réunion. Elle justifie le recours au modèle paramétrique de Weibull dans un cadre probabiliste et montre l’intérêt d’utiliser un mélange de distributions de Weibull conditionnelles à la direction du vent, pour quantifier le potentiel éolien d’un site, par rapport au modèle conventionnel de Weibull à deux paramètres. La thèse présente également une méthodologie de construction de l’information géographique concernant les obstacles au sol, nécessaire pour profiler le cisaillement vertical du vent à La Réunion. Elle propose ensuite deux méthodes de prévision spatiale de la ressource éolienne permettant de l’évaluer à partir des observations réalisées aux stations météorologiques disponibles et utilise ces méthodes pour modéliser l’évolution spatiale de la moyenne et du coefficient de variation empiriques de la vitesse du vent. La dernière partie de notre thèse présente une méthode d’évaluation croisée de la politique réglementaire et de la politique de subvention de l’électricité éolienne par le biais de systèmes de tarifs de rachat garantis. Pour chaque scénario de politique réglementaire, on identifie les éoliennes qui sont économiquement profitables dans le cadre de la politique publique de subvention de l’éolien pratiquée à La Réunion. Pour chaque scénario réglementaire, on évalue également le niveau du tarif de rachat garanti de l’électricité éolienne permettant d’atteindre les objectifs publics de développement de l’éolien à La Réunion, ce qui permet de chiffrer le montant du subventionnement public nécessaire pour atteindre ces objectifs. / This doctoral thesis proposes a methodology to identify and quantify the wind power resource in a context characterized by a complex topography and a strong competition for land use, and then it applies it to the case of Reunion island. Our approach is interdisciplinary by using in turn law, geography, statistics and physics to quantify the wind power resource in Reunion Island, then economics to cost the mining of this deposit and to formulate public policies to support wind power generation. The first part of the thesis assesses the impact of land regulatory framework on the wind power resource defined in terms of installable peak power. This regulatory framework is defined in terms of scenarios depicting the social and environmental challenges associated with wind power generation in Reunion Island. A methodology based on Geographic Information Systems is developed to identify the spatial distribution of installable wind farms and to assess the impact of an evolution of land legal framework in Reunion. The second part of the thesis aims at quantifying the wind power on sites accessible from a regulatory point of view. The thesis presents a methodology to study the joint distribution of horizontal wind speed and direction based on the analysis of its seasonal and daily variations, and identifies the different wind regimes in force in Reunion. The thesis supports the use of Weibull distribution model on ground of probability theory, and provides evidence of superiority of using a mixture of Weibull distributions conditional on wind direction to quantify the wind power resource of an accessible site with respect to the use of the conventional marginal two parameters Weibull model. The thesis also provides a methodology to construct the geographical information regarding ground obstacles necessary for profiling the vertical wind shear profile in Reunion. Then, the thesis proposes two spatial prediction methods to assess the spatial distribution of wind resource allowing its estimation from the observations recorded at the available weather stations, and uses these methods to model the spatial evolution of the wind speed mean and variation coefficient. The last part of the thesis provides a method to cross assess the regulatory public policy and the public subsidy policy for wind power generation through feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we identify the wind power plants which are profitable under existing feed-in-tariff schemes. For each regulatory scenario, we also evaluate the level at which the feed-in-tariff must be set to reach public objectives of wind power development in Reunion, which allows to assess the amount of public subsidy needed to achieve these objectives.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to design austerity measures of an apartment building in the form of an energy card. The theoretical part deals with heat pumps. The computational part solves the evaluation of the current state of the building, the proposal of two variants, the assessment in terms of energy and economic and recommendations of the selected variant. There is also an experimental measurement specializing in thermovision imaging. The project contains energy certificates of individual states of the solved object.

The diploma thesis deals with an issue of assessment economic effectiveness of public project which is realized municipality. This thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes a cost-benefit analysis and another methodology for economic assessment of the project. In the practical part is processed case study on a particular public project.

This diploma thesis is divided into three parts: theoretical, calculation and experimental measurement. The issue of humid air and air-conditioning in winter stadiums is elaborately analysed in the theoretical part. In the calculation part, the dessertation focuses on the optimization of current draft of hockey hall air conditioning system. The hall is now in operation during the season, which means from September to March. In the dissertation are discussed two variants of the draft. The first variant is draft upgrade to year-round operation with condensing dehumidification. The second option is solved as a combination of air handler unit system and absorption dehumidification. This variant is also designed for seasonal and year-round operation of the ice rink. At the end of the dissertation are all of them compared in terms of annual costs. The experimental measurement is carried out on dehumidification of air from areas with high water gains, in this case swimming pool hall model. This problematics is solved by changing the speed of ventilator and using Peltier generator.

No description available.

<p dir="ltr">In our daily lives, we rely on a multitude of discrete products to meet our needs. Traditional product design approaches have primarily focused on economic and technical aspects, often overlooking the pressing environmental and social challenges facing society. Recognizing the limitations of our ecological systems to cope with the waste generated by our current industrial processes, there is a growing need to anticipate the potential consequences of product design across technical, economic, environmental, and social dimensions to pave the way for a sustainable future. One promising strategy within this context is the integration of sustainability principles into optimization-based design models that consider a product's entire life cycle. While there have been previous efforts to optimize product life cycles, a comprehensive exploration of optimization-based design methods with a focus on multiple objectives for discrete products is essential. This dissertation explores the integration of sustainability principles with optimization-based design by taking the electric traction motor used in electric vehicles as a case study. This complex and environmentally significant technology is ideal for investigating the tradeoffs and benefits of incorporating sustainability objectives into the design process.</p><p dir="ltr">The key tasks undertaken in this study are as follows:</p><ul><li>Development of a parametric design and optimization framework for a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor. In this task, a special emphasis is placed on reducing reliance on materials with a high supply risk, such as rare earth elements.</li><li>Creation of a parametric life cycle assessment model that combines life cycle assessment and optimization-based design to minimize a single-score environmental impact. This model offers insights into the environmental performance of product design and underscores the importance of minimizing environmental impact throughout a product's life cycle.</li><li>Integration of a life cycle costing model, incorporating techno-economic assessment and total cost of ownership perspectives, into the parametric life cycle assessment and optimization-based design models. This model is used to minimize levelized production and driving costs, shedding light on the trade-offs within this family of cost metrics and the optimization of manufacturing systems for motor production.</li><li>Proposal of a circular economy model/algorithm to assess the advantages of integrating the circular economy paradigm during the early design phase. All the mentioned objective functions are considered to study the impacts of applying the circular economy paradigm.</li></ul><p dir="ltr">The contributions of this research can be summarized as follows:</p><ul><li>Utilized a diverse array of analytical methodologies to parameterize the design process of a motor, incorporating the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) models, as well as the incorporation of disassembly planning for informed decision-making in the early stages of design.</li><li>Proposed a generalized objective function denoted as the Supply Risk-equivalent (SR-eq.), aimed at mitigating the risks associated with the dependency on critical materials in product manufacturing.</li><li>Introduced a novel approach for visualizing non-dominated solutions within a multi-objective framework, with experimentation conducted on up to six distinct objectives.</li><li>Substantiated the significance of decarbonizing the electric grid while maintaining competitive cost structures, the importance of advancing non-destructive evaluation (NDE) procedures for assessing the condition of end-of-life (EoL) subassemblies, and optimizing the collection rate of EoL motors.</li></ul><p dir="ltr">Demonstrated that the optimization of technical metrics as surrogate indicators for economic and environmental performance does not necessarily yield designs that are concurrently optimal in economic and environmental terms.</p>