Orientador: Paulo Roberto Teixeira de Godoy / Banca: Bernadete Aparecida Caprioglio de Castro Oliveira / Banca: Manoel Fernandes de Sousa Neto / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma análise que se inclinou sobre um viés ainda pouco estudado da obra de Caio Prado Júnior: o aspecto regional na formação do território brasileiro. Buscou-se, para tanto, identificar na interpretação dada pelo Autor, a gênese das políticas baseadas na prática de mando e nas relações coronelistas. Paralelamente, considerando-se as dimensões econômicas da obra de Caio, refletiu-se sobre o desenvolvimento desigual e combinado que marcou a formação territorial do Brasil e que resultou na grande desigualdade das regiões que compõem o território nacional. Para tanto, analisou-se os livros Diretrizes para uma política econômica brasileira (1954), História Econômica do Brasil (1979), Evolução Política do Brasil - Colônia e Império (2007) e Formação do Brasil Contemporâneo - Colônia (2008). Por fim, buscou-se estabelecer uma correspondência entre o regionalismo que caracteriza a atual governabilidade brasileira e as disparidades regionais / Abstract: This subject intended to show the results of the analysis that based on a bias still little studied about the work of Caio Prado Júnior: the regional aspect in the formation of the Brazilian territory. It was found that identify in the interpretation given by the author, the genesis of the policies based on practice in the relations of the power and the coronelistas relations. At the same time, considering the economic parameters Caio‟s, we thought about on the combined and uneven development that marked the territorial formation of Brazil. It showed a great difference great of the regions forming the national territory. For this purpose, we analyzed the books: Diretrizes para uma política econômica brasileira (1954), História Econômica do Brasil (1979), Evolução Política do Brasil - Colônia e Império (2007) e Formação do Brasil Contemporâneo - Colônia (2008). Finally, we sought to establish a correspondence between the regionalism that characterizes the current Brazilian government and differences regional / Mestre

This study examines the problems outsiders have in understanding local attitudes towards development in the southern Labrador community of Cartwright. It looks at local history and the nature of community complexity. The way in which these complexities provide a context for local discourse and shifting frames of reference are reasons why outsiders rarely understand the ideological coherence underlying what local people say. / An approach is proposed for a more "humanistic" anthropology of development that takes into account local attitudes towards development. A "multi-layered" approach, it entails a more concerned interest in listening to what local people themselves have to say about their own situation and incorporates aspects of history and community life as necessary analytical perspectives. Based upon this greater understanding of local experience, this approach puts order and coherence into what are often disparate and seemingly inconsistent statements.

Much debate has been raging in development discourse about the role of the state in development economics. Neo liberal theorists call for the state to remove itself from the process and leave markets to determine the direction of economic development. The challenge to this theory was reinforced by the success of the East Asian counties in encouraging economic development through a process which involved extensive state intervention. The process of globalisation has added a new dimension to this debate where states are increasingly feeling the need to take steps to protect their economies from the negative impacts of globalisation and take other steps so that the positive rewards can be reaped. The debate of this interaction between the state and economic forces is evident on all levels of governance, from the national to the local. Theorists such as Stone, Molotch, Logan and Stoker have researched this question on the local level in cities in the United States. They found that there is extensive interaction between political and economic bodies for the economic development of urban spaces. Specifically, these two major groups are represented by an elite grouping of individuals who play an important role in the planning and implementing of development initiatives. This study attempts to examine this relationship of the economic elite and political elite in the city of Durban. This is particularly relevant in the context of the critical need for economic development in the city and the mandate that the city is given by national legislation to promote such development. The study furthermore examines the extent to which the role players in this interaction are part of the post-Apartheid 'new' elite, or if the interactive process is still dominated by the 'old' white elite. The interactions were found to be limited to a 'project' basis which did not reflect a coalition in terms of the sharing of strategic decision making and planning. Furthermore, this process is dominated by the traditional white, corporate elite, although non-white individuals do have key roles in this process. There is however, a stark absence of a new non-white elite in the city who could emerge as an important force in encouraging development initiatives which will contribute to the economic development of the city. However, projects are been implemented that are being driven by individuals who are members of a economic or political elite grouping. These projects are based on a trickle down approach where the growth is presumed to filter down and positively affect the poorer members of Durban. There is a real possibility however, as various theorist have warned, that such projects currently being implemented by the elite in the city, might have limited positive benefits for the poor in the city , and could in fact have long term detrimental implications. / Thesis (M.Dev. Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

O presente trabalho tem como propósito realizar um estudo geoeconômico e político da relação entre o desenvolvimento econômico e a interiorização da educação profissional e tecnológica, institucionalizada na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR. A questão norteadora é: Por que educação profissional e tecnológica? Por que e como a interiorização do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica - CEFET-PR se deu nessas cidades? A universidade tecnológica em seu percurso centenário desenvolveu sistematicamente durante grande parte de sua história uma educação pragmática e utilitária submetida às demandas da transformação produtiva, como responsável pelo ensino técnico. A diferenciação institucional, primeiramente como instituição multicâmpus e posteriormente como universidade especializada proporcionaram avanço, com a manutenção das bases anteriores. O afunilamento das políticas educacionais rumo à espacialização das universidades federais via Plano de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais - REUNI, faz da UTFPR precedente no processo, justificando a necessidade da análise das diferentes repercussões na implementação das unidades descentralizadas em cidades do interior do Paraná, especialmente enquanto vetor de desenvolvimento local/regional, diversificação econômica e empregabilidade. / This paper aims to conduct a geo-economic and political study of the relationship between economic development and internalization of vocational and technological education in institutionalized Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR. The guiding question is: Why vocational and technological education? Why and how the internalization of Federal Center of Technological Education - CEFET-PR occurred in these cities? A technological university in its centenary route developed systematically during much of its history, a subject pragmatic and utilitarian education demands of productive transformation, responsible for technical education. The institutional differentiation, first as multicampus institution and subsequently as a specialized university advancement provided with the maintenance of the previous bases. The bottleneck of educational policies towards spatialization of federal universities via Plan of Reorganization and Expansion of Federal Universities - REUNI, makes the previous UTFPR in the process, justifying the need analysis of the different effects in the implementation of the decentralized units in the inner cities of Paraná, especially as vector of local/regional development , diversification economic and employability.

The Akosombo Dam on the Volta River in Ghana was built in 1963 to provide cheap energy to fuel industry and to accelerate the economic growth of the country. It provides hydroelectric power, enhanced fishing and water transportation upstream, and improved opportunities for irrigated farming, especially in the lower reaches, and their attendant economic multiplier effects. A few years after the construction of this major dam, a rapid expansion of industrialization took place in Ghana. This brought about an exponential increase in demand for more electrical power. This led to the construction of a smaller dam at Akuse, downstream of the Akosomho Dam in 1981 and the formation of a headpond at Kpong. The impoundment of the river at the two sites (Akosombo and Kpong) caused an alteration in the existing ecological and biophysical processes in the river basin, including a slowing of the flow of the river, upstream and downstream. Changes in the natural processes, such as a reduction in the flow of the river and an increase in nutrient status of the water, resulted in an invasion of aquatic weeds, increasing the density of aquatic snails (intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis), silting and closure of the estuary, as well as other more subtle effects. The invasion of the river's main course and the dams by aquatic plants led to a corresponding reduction of navigable water both upstream and downstream. The aim of this thesis was to quantify the impact and control of waterweeds, especially water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae), in Ghana. A floral survey on the Kpong Headpond recorded 49 emergent, 12 free floating and I submerged aquatic plant species, many of which were indigenous, but the exotic or introduced water hyacinth was recorded at most of the sampling sites, and was the most abundant and had the biggest impact on the utilization of the water resource. Mats of water hyacinth served as substrates for other, indigenous species to grow out into the main channel of the headpond, including the intake point of the Kpong head works of the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) and landing sites for boats. These mats resulted in a reduction of the fish (fin and shell) harvest, reducing the annual production to far below demand. Water hyacinth was also shown to have severe health implications. A survey of the Ministry of Health records showed that the prevalence of both urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis had risen significantly over time as the abundance of waterweeds, most notably water hyacinth, increased, and ranged between 70% and 75% but up to 100% in some lakeside communities. Based on the work done by an NGO on board the medical boat ("Onipa Nua "), losses in terms of money due to the effect on health of the aquatic weed infestations on the Volta River in 2006 amounted to US$ 620,000. Economic losses due to invasive alien aquatic weeds were also calculated on the Oti River Arm of Lake Volta. It was estimated that about US$2.3 million per annum would be lost to the Volta Lake Transport Company and individual boat transport operators if this section of the river were 100% covered by aquatic weeds (water hyacinth and Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae)). It was also estimated that US$327,038 was spent annually in monitoring and managing the weeds in the Oti River. Control interventions for aquatic weeds have been implemented in river systems in Ghana. The biological control agents Neochetina bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and Neochetina eichhorniae Warner (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) have been used on water hyacinth infestations in the Oti River Arm of Lake Volta, the Tano River and the Lagoon complex in the south-western part of the country. Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been used to control salvinia, and Neohydronomous affinis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to control water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes Lilmaeus (Araceae) in the Tano River and Lagoon complex. Although these projects have been regarded as successful, they have relied on research from elsewhere in the world and no postrelease quantification has been conducted. In evaluating the impact of the biological control agents Neochetina bruchi and Neochetina eichhorniae weevils on water hyacinth infestations in the Tano River, fresh adult feeding scars were recorded as well as the numbers of adult weevils on each water hyacinth plant sampled at six sites. Despite being released in 1994, weevil numbers and resultant damage to plants in the Tano Lagoon was low in comparison to other regions of the world where these agents have been used. The main reason for this is that this lagoon floods seasonally, washing weevil-infested plants out to sea. Water hyacinth then re-infests the lagoon from seed and the weevil populations are low. To resolve this situation, two courses of action are proposed. The first is to mass rear the weevils along the shore of the lagoon and release them when the first seedlings recruit. The second proposal is that additional agents that have shorter lifecycies and are more mobile than the weevils should be released. To this end, the water hyacinth mirid, Eccritotarsus catarinensis (Carvalho) (Hemiptera: Miridae) was imported from South Africa and released onto the Tano Lagoon in 2009. Retrospective laboratory host specificity trials were conducted on Neachetina eichharniae and Neachetina bruchi weevils 15 years after their release into Ghana to see if any variation in their host ranges had occurred. Considerable damage was inflicted on the E. crassipes leaves by the Neachetina weevils, while little feeding damage was recorded on both Heteranthera callifalia Kunth. (Pontederiaceae) and Eichharnia natans (P.Beauv.) Solms (Pontederiaceae). All the weevils introduced on H callifalia and E. natans died after the first week. This study served to confirm the host specificity and thereby the safety of these agents. Invasive alien aquatic macrophytes have negative impacts on the environment and economy of Ghana. The control of these weeds is essential to socioeconomic development and improved human health standards in riparian communities. Biological control offers a safe and sustainable control option, but requires diligent implementation. However, aquatic weed invasion is more typically a result of the anthropogenically induced eutrophication of water bodies, and this is the main issue that has to be addressed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_wj_me_fran.pdf: 877940 bytes, checksum: 5f218ad11883396e150ed9df3f9dd5f2 (MD5) / Na produção social do espaço capitalista, O Estado e o próprio capital são elementos fundamentais desse processo. A acumulação de capital na atividade de produção do etanol tem ligação direta com as transformações no cenário social e espacial. Na cidade de Delta- MG , habita uma parcela da população de trabalhadores temporários e outra que depende da atividade desenvolvida nas lavouras de cana-de-açúcar. Essa dependência causa uma mudança em toda a estrutura do município em especial no serviço público. O trabalho tem como fundamento a questão do impacto social, a desconstrução dos direitos sociais e sua inefetividade mediante a implementação do mercado de etanol no município de Delta-MG a partir da atividade canavieira. A desigualdade social no município pesquisado é flagrante. O cultivo de cana de açúcar possibilita ganhos efetivos aos detentores dos meios de produção e um empobrecimento diário daqueles que contribuem para o aumento das cifras econômicas do mercado de etanol no Brasil e no mundo. Os direitos sociais não existem nem mesmo no papel. Ele é idealizado por parte da população daquele município Assim constata-se que o Estado não está presente na promoção dos direitos fundamentais sociais, caros ao homem do Século XXI / Dans la production sociale de l'espace capitaliste, L'État et le capital lui-même sont des éléments clés de ce processus. L'accumulation de capital dans l'activité de production d'éthanol est directement liée aux transformations dans l'établissement social et spatial. Dans la ville de Delta-MG, habitant une partie de la population des travailleurs temporaires et un autre qui dépend de l'activité développée dans les domaines de la canne à sucre. Cette dépendance entraîne une modification de la structure entiÉre de la ville en particulier dans la fonction publique. Le travail est basé sur la question de l'impact social, la déconstruction des droits sociaux et leur inefficacité à travers la mise en oeuvre du marché de l'éthanol dans la municipalité de Delta-MG à partir de la production de canne à sucre. Les inégalités sociales dans la ville étudiée est flagrante. La culture de la canne à sucre permet partie efficace des gains aux détenteurs des moyens de production et un appauvrissement de ceux qui contribuent quotidiennement à l'augmentation des chiffres économiques du marché de l'éthanol au Brésil et dans le monde. Les droits sociaux n'existent pas encore sur papier. Il est idéalisé par la population de ce comté ainsi, il apparaît que l'Etat n'est pas présent dans la promotion des droits sociaux fondamentaux, aux hommes du XXIe siécle

The purpose of this paper is to examine the cross-country relationship between income inequality and selected socioeconomic variables reflecting the level of economic development. The first chapter introduces some theoretical approaches to income distribution and poses problems regarding income inequalities across countries. The second chapter surveys cross-country studies of income inequalities conducted by previous researchers. The third chapter covers statistical methodology. Chapter four analyzes statistical results of multiple regression. The final chapter is intended for summary, conclusion, and recommendations.

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This thesis examines the integration of gender concerns into development planning in the non-profit sector through a case study of planning a development program in a non-profit nongovernmental organization. The dependent variable of the study is the degree of "gender sensitivity," the extent to which gender concerns are taken into account in the planning process of a development program. The thesis constructs evaluative and explanatory frameworks on the basis of recent research to be used to examine a gender-sensitive planning process for NGOs in general and in the case study in particular. The evaluative framework distinguishes among three dimensions that are evaluated in the planning process: design process, plan for implementation, and policy approach. The degree of gender sensitivity determined by applying the evaluative framework is then explained by examining five explanatory factors: organizational goals, structures, personnel, environment, and resources. Finally, the conclusion suggests strategies for improving the gender sensitivity of the planning process. / Master of Arts

Decentralization is an approach Malawi government is using to accelerate development. In order to achieve this, local structures like ADCs were instituted to improve community participation and enhance demand driven type of development. This study examined the effectiveness of the ADCs in decentralization. The study was conducted in TAs Chilowoko and Kalumo in Ntchisi district. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. Through random sampling, 97 respondents were interviewed using a household questionnaire. Two focus group discussions and 14 key informant interviews were also done. Analysis of the quantitative data collected was done using Scientific Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) tool while the qualitative data was analyzed manually using common themes that emerged from the findings. The results show that the community members do not commonly know ADCs and that they do not have autonomy to enhance community participation in decision making. ADCs do not have the autonomy to operate as custodians of development. ADCs are also facing many challenges that include lack of operational resources, incentives, transport and political infringement. On the overall, therefore, the study recommends that there is need to create awareness on the existence of the ADCs and other local structures to the community members. Secondly, there is need to review the National Decentralization Policy, Local Government Act and the Guidebook on decentralization in Malawi / Development Studies / M. A. (Development Studies)