The aim ofthis study was to examine how economic growth affects the level of democracy inauthoritarian states. Some of these states have experienced high economicgrowth. However, one can discuss how it affects the country’s democratization-process.For that reason this study was needed to contribute to a clarification of howeconomic growth can affect authoritarian rule and democratization. This wasdone through an examination of the development in China. Hence, this study aimsto contribute to the research field of democracy and to suggest how to manageand support democracy in authoritarian growth-states that deny their denizensdemocratic rights. The study was conducted through a comparison of the expecteddevelopment that the modernization theory stipulates with the actualdevelopment of the Chinese society. The study has examined the impact of twofactors of modernization, namely education and media.  The analysis of the empirical material showsthat the expected development, suggested by the modernization theory, in largeparts corresponds to the development in China. However, based on thedevelopment in China, it seems that economic growth suggest two implications inauthoritarian states; firstly it means a legitimization of the currentpolitical leadership and secondly it means the growth of a middle class throughimproved socioeconomic conditions. This suggest that economic growth bothsupport and undermines the level of democracy. In the case of China this suggests that a popularization of society has begun. However, the democratizationin China is still inconclusive and there are no signs of change in thepolitical leadership. The dualities of the conclusions underline the importanceof further research on the subject of economic growth and its implications fordemocracy and authoritarian states.

The purpose with this paper is to examine if tertiary education and democracy have an impact on economic growth. In order to decide how democratic the examined countries are the democracy index constructed by The Economist is used. Besides the two central theories the purpose is also to explain why these variables could affect growth and to examine direct and indirect effects. Indirect effects mean that one variable affects another variable which thereafter has an impact on economic growth. 34 OECD countries are compared in order to investigate whether education and democracy are strongly correlated with BNP per capita. Therefore a statistical design is used as method. The empirical results suggest that there is significant correlation between democracy and economic growth. Educational levels seem to have a very small and insignificant effect on economic growth. The empirical results also indicate that the small effect that educational levels have on growth can to a great extent be explained by corruption. This means that countries with higher educational attainment have a tendency to be less corrupt which in turn leads to higher economic growth. The significant and positive correlation between democracy and economic growth can to some extent be explained by the indirect effect which is corruption.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is generally considered as the most important index and comprehensive measure of the size of economy. This paper investigates empirically the relationship between transport infrastructure (focus on highways) and GDP growth based on a production function approach. The physical stocks of transport infrastructure were used instead of monetary data to measure public capital together with several other variables (labor and private capital) that were hypothesized to affect economic growth. Then we explore a number of subsequent studies that use panel data covering the period between 1992 and 2004. An investigation was done to compare developed countries and developing countries. Results indicate that physical units are positively and significantly related to economic growth. Furthermore there was an interesting finding that the output elasticity with respect to physical units for developed countries is higher than developing countries.

This dissertation includes two different empirical models about the economic growth and globalization in developed and developing countries from 1970 to 2008. First, we apply the quantile cointegration model provided by Xiao (2009) to examine the non-linear relationship between economic growth and globalization. Our empirical findings provide not only strong evidence that the cointegrating coefficients follow the time-varying process, but also the viewpoint of a long-run approach that overall globalization and their three dimensions act as engines of economic growth. Second, we adopt an advanced panel cointegration method which incorporates multiple structural breaks to examine the growth-globalization relationship. Differing from the weak outcomes of the traditional panel ointegration test without breaks, our findings provide strong evidence that overall globalization and its social dimension are cointegrated with RGDP both in developed and developing samples, and most of the structural break points are discovered in several main events. In addition, in evaluating whether or not the structural breaks affect the RGDP through globalization, we discover that the globalization have a directly positive impact on RGDP but indirectly exhibit negative (positive) impacts on real output via the channel of globalization in developed (developing) samples. Also, Different countries/groups reflect the different outcomes from the common shock of break event under the process of globalization. For the entire performance, the overall globalization brings the most positive effect on the real output in developed samples, and the social globalization is the main factor of promoting the economic development in developing samples.

Abstract Education investment is recognized as a main factor of the economic growth at all times. The paper estimates the contribution concerning Taiwan¡¦s public education investment to economic growth, based on Lucas¡¦s endogenous economic growth theory and Johansen¡¦s statistic analysis of cointegration vector. There are 37 annual data from 1964 to 2000, measuring the price index in 1996 base year. The conclusion shows having a set of cointegration vector and long run positive equilibrium relation between education investment and economic growth. The mentioned contribution reaches up to 38¢Mhigh. Therefore, education is the most important investment for countries, also being the best choice on individual investment.

Abstract In recent years, many economists point out that physical capital stock and human capital stock cannot identify the difference of income effectively. Therefore, they attempt to add more interpreted variables, trying to illustrate economic growth that physical capital and human capital cannot explain. In general, economic growth theory has been applied to cross-country studies, and empirical researches of single country are limited. The main reason is that one cannot know how to measure the physical capital stock between states of a country efficiently. According to the method of Garofalo and Yamarik (2002), one can estimate the physical capital stocks of each state of the United States and justify the validity of Solow growth model. This paper specifically focuses on the so called new economy era (1990-2000). Our primary goal is to expand the existing models into more comprehensive one by including more explanatory variables. In 1999, The Nobelist -Grossman- released the concept of health capital ¡§One can choose the length of life¡¨. Each will be endowed initial value of health stock which depreciates through time and appreciates through the self-investment, exercising, for example. Health capital is also a kind of element of human capital; it will help human capital work normally. For this reason, we consider to measure U.S. output not only consider the effects of accumulation of physical capital and human capital, but also contains contributions of health capital. To analyze economic implications in three models from this study, there are several remarks can be drown¡G Firstly, physical capital and human capital provide significantly positive effect for economic growth rates of U.S. states from 1990 to 2000. The magnitude of estimated coefficient of physical capital has been decreasing, which denotes two phenomenons. In the one hand, physical capitals positively contribute the US economic growth. On the other hand, its influence to economic growth has marginally decreased over time. In contrast to physical capitals, human capital has shown constantly increasing influence to the US economic growth. Secondly, after adding the variable of health capital, the model can account the large scale of variation of the U.S. economic growth. The reason is that agents in the economy add their own length of life in the model and, then defer retirement and extend their productivities to economic growth. Thirdly, although term of is a random variable of cross states in the model; despite of technology stock, it comprises different endowment of resource, geographical location and institution etc. Therefore, it displays individual characteristics of every state. Hence, economic growth will reveal significant and positive beneficial result when we can think about more component of (for instant, adding political party variables) to improve and develop it. Lastly, we have low adjusted in this paper, and maybe because we focus on long-run output, and do not look upon puzzle of short-run business cycle. Romer (1987) denotes that short-run business cycle of economic variables dominates change of some variables for contributing long-run economic growth that will make estimation to convert nefficiently. Synthesizing the above mentioned consequences, one can find that U.S. impressed economic performance from 1990 to 2000. Not only contribute physical capital and human capital to the economy, health capital is another key element to maintain such sustained economic growth. Consequently, we suggest that if a nation pays more attention to health capital, which will result in economic growth and increase competitiveness for the nation. The results of this paper using the US as a sample may can serve as a reference to other countries using as a example to improve economic growth in the future.

This dissertation includes three different topics concerning the political business cycles in developed countries. In the first section, we use annual data for 48 states from 1951 to 2004 by the method of instrumental variables estimation. We find that the partisan theory created in statewide via two channels including the partisanship effect which include the interactive relationships between president and governors or among governors, and the partisan ideology including the policy preferences are both potential shocks to a real business cycle. Next, we investigate the theory of partisan cycles using panel cointegration and fully modified OLS techniques based on the same data as earlier. We propose the long-run co-movement and the causal relationships between partisan target and cycle variables. Meanwhile, the panel error correction model shows evidence of long-run unidirectional causality running from partisan variables to target variables. This shows that, in the long run, statewide economic performance must be directly based on politicians¡¦ concerns for policies and outcomes, as well as on exhibiting strong ideological differences in those preferences across parties in the United States. Overall, we contribute an essential reference to the voters. Finally, a new government popularity index (GPI) is constructed and using variables that include real GDP, industrial production, the unemployment rate and the inflation rate as measures of bilateral activity correlation beginning in 1981Q1 and ending in 2005Q4 for 15 European countries. The estimation procedure is developed by rolling the correlation of bilateral activity every twenty quarters and running it on partisan variables, namely, as a kind of government popularity index and the difference between partisan ideologies combined with traditional bilateral trade intensity variables. Overall, a strong and striking empirical finding is uncovered: countries with closer popular governments, incumbent ideologies as well as trade links, tend to have more closely correlated business cycles.

East Asia has been one of the most important regions in the global economic system. In this thesis, the East Asian miracle and the success of China&rsquo / s transition are studied by overviewing the literature. The East Asian economies had experienced sustainable rapid growth from the 1960s to the end of 1990s, until the Asian crisis in 1997. China started her transition from the central planning system at the end of the 1970s. Since the transition began, China has grown at rates even higher than developed countries and she is one of the countries which survived the Asian crisis nearly without damage. Comparing these two experiences in East Asia would give an idea on the features of development in this region. The conclusion is that China shares the features of developmental state which is attributed to the miraculous East Asian economies.

During the past forty years and more, the economics in Taiwan have grown rapidly and staidly. It has been making the national income and the level of living life a huge upgrading there. As well as the income distribution has become more averagely and reasonably. That is why Taiwan is taken as a successful model for developing countries. The research objective of this study is to understand the relationship between the socioeconomic indicators and the dimensions of economic development. This study started with the related literatures and effected factors of economic development. Then collecting the statistic data and indicators that are from the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, Department of Statistics, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Ministry of the Interior to construct the dimensions of economic development and its effected factors. The following work is using Factor Analysis to combine these socioeconomic indicators and form them to four main dimensions that including the Condition of Industrialization, Investment and Consumption, the Condition of Employment, Trading and Saving. Afterwards using the Multiple Linear Regression to find out the influence of these four socioeconomic dimensions against each dimension of economic development. Finally using the Canonical Correlation Analysis to find out the Canonical Weights and make the biggest correlation between the linear combination of socioeconomic dimensions and the linear combination of dimensions of economic development. The conclusions found in this study are: (1) Economic Growth Rate was effected mainly by the Trading and Saving, (2) Per Capita GNP was effected mainly by the Condition of Industrialization, (3) Ratio of Highest 5th¡¦s income to Lowest 5th¡¦s was effected mainly by the Condition of Employment and Trading and Saving. Therefore, this study suggests that to improve future economics based on ¡§knowledge¡¨ in order to increase international competitive ability and adapt the changes of industrial structure. Extending the national compulsory education and reforming the education system in order to improve the quality of manpower. In order to access the labor force soon, a policy encouraging the advanced courses on the job. Moreover, making use of resources in Taiwan to develop the tourist industries in order to increase employments.

Abstract In recent years, many empirical analyses of cross countries point out physical capital stock and human capital stock that can only explain partial cause of income inequality. Therefore, economists attempt to add multiple interpreted variables, trying to illustrate economic growth which physical capital and human capital can¡¦t expound. Generally speaking, growth theory common was applied different growth assay of cross countries, but lacking empirical researches of single country. Income inequality is the important issue of national economy, including difference between town and country bring about problems of financial distribution, and unbalance of labor market cause mishap of high unemployment rates, consequently, it becomes interesting subject that how to blend state output in single country. The issue is more cared for United State that possessing enormous economic influence. Due to corporeal and incorporeal capital can free mobile, one must ponder on more detailed elements to measure national proceeds. According to reports of national policy indicate that development of information technology (IT) and internet were one of important factors to form the longest expansion in the postwar period that lasted 111 months from March 1991 to June 2000, large number of immigrants that could satisfy labor demand of IT property, and consumed productions of market supply. For this reason, one consider to measure U.S. output not only confer the effects of accumulation of physical capital and human capital, but also contain contributions of immigrants. To analyze economic implications in three models, one can summarize four conclusions: First point: physical capital and human capital of effective labor provide with significantly positive effect for economic growth rates of U.S. states in 1991 to 1999. Physical capital of effective labor shows that decreasing influence on economic growth of cross states, the magnitude of estimate coefficient are reducing from 0.0783, 0.0638, to 0.0169, demonstrating that play a role of necessary yet a main input factor. Opposite to physical capital, human capital of effective labor present increasing condition which from 0.4568 to 1.1052, displaying it¡¦s outstanding for economic growth of U.S. Furthermore, we also find a phenomenon that speed of convergence ( ) enlarge huger (from 0.0165 to 0.0183), it imply that value of is diminishing (from 0.0853 to 0.0447). In other words, economies that want to approach state-steady can¡¦t only depend on increasing of accumulation of physical capital, but quality of human and level of technology also simultaneously promote. Second point: More immigrants will move up to economic growth of cross states. Because immigrants have lofty knowledge and skill, an aspect they can through spillover effect to local, increasing accumulation of human capital, another aspect that can raise local productivity to advance economic growth. Third point: Although term of is random coefficient of cross states in models, it¡¦s purport that comprise different geographical location, endowment of resource and institution etc. in every states, hence, when we can think about more component of (for instant, adding immigrants) to improve and develop it, than economic growth will reveal significant and positive beneficial result. Fourth point: Lower adjusted may be that one don¡¦t look upon puzzle of business cycle, therefore, one proceed time serious analysis of single country and directly estimate production function that could meet up perplexity of calculation (Romer, 1987), in other words, when effects of business cycle of economic variables dominate change of some variables for contributing economic growth that will make estimation to convert into inefficient. Synthesizing the above-mentioned consequences, one find that U.S. can establish forceful economic status except for accumulation of physical capital and human capital, it¡¦s more important that immigrants guide robust effect on economic dimension of host country. Such example that can be gather from national policy of Singapore. Consequently, one suggest that nation pay much attention to immigrants will intensify economic growth rates and international competition of nation, and accumulation of ¡§human¡¨ capital will be a key-point that determinate force of national competition.