Orientador: Valeriano Mendes Ferreira Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:46:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kessler_LuizCarlosdeAndrade_D.pdf: 2381304 bytes, checksum: 21d43ce194c4232a9cb6fbb5b9cb755a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar a influência política do empresariado financeiro na condução da política monetária brasileira. Subsidiado por perspectivas teóricas sobre o Estado, a verificação desta influência foi guiada pelas seguintes abordagens: Elitista, Pluralista, Escolha Racional, Marxista e Neo-institucionalista. Cada qual com suas metodologias próprias, questões e hipóteses subjacentes diferenciadas da questão principal deste trabalho, mas que auxiliaram na sua resolução. Os resultados empíricos dos diversos modelos formulados, de acordo com cada abordagem foram parecidos, problemas de autocorrelação serial devido à má especificação (omissão de variáveis) ou coeficientes de determinação com valores extremamente baixos, evidenciando pouca influência da política na condução da política monetária. Estes resultados embora refutem a hipótese original que os banqueiros têm grande influência na política monetária brasileira, também revelam a dificuldade de se constatar qualquer influência política sobre uma matéria que responde fortemente a eventos conjunturais. Não satisfeito com resultado apresentado pelas abordagens tradicionais, resolveu-se buscar um abordagem mais apropriada à análise política da política econômica, que pudesse novamente evidenciar a pressão política do setor financeiro privado na condução da política monetária. Assim como os outros modelos econométricos testados, o modelo baseado na abordagem de Havrilesky (1995) não apresentou relevância para a relação entre as sinalizações de preferência pelos banqueiros com a taxa de juros. Não obstante, o levantamento dessas sinalizações revelou-se fonte fundamental para a resolução das questões propostas por Wooley (1994) que ajudaram a descrever o processo de pressão política do setor financeiro privado. O histórico das políticas monetárias demonstrou a existência formal e institucional de pressão política por parte SFP, no qual as demandas eram atendidas na medida em que fossem consistentes com a política monetária corrente / Abstract: This work has the purpose to demonstrate the political influence of the financial entrepreneurs in the Brazilian monetary policy administration. Supported by theoretical perspectives on the state, the verification of this influence was guided by the following approaches: Elitist, Pluralist, Rational Choice, Marxist and Neoinstitutionalist. Each with its own methodologies, issues and underlying assumptions different from the main issue of this work, but assisted in their resolution. The empirical results of the various models formulated according to each approach showed similar results, problems of serial autocorrelation due to poor specification (omitted variables) or coefficients of determination with extremely low values, showing little influence of politics on monetary policy administration. Although these results refute the original hypothesis that bankers have a significant influence on monetary policy in Brazil, also reveal the difficulty to find any political influence over the issue that responds strongly to cyclical events. Not satisfied with the result presented by traditional approaches, it was decided to seek a more appropriate approach to the political analysis of economic policy, which could again highlighted the political pressure of the private financial sector in the conduct of monetary policy. Like other econometric models tested, the model-based approach Havrilesky (1995) showed no relevance to the relationship between the signals preferably by private bankers with the interest rate. Nevertheless, the survey revealed these signs up key source for the resolution of the issues proposed by Wooley (1994) that helped to describe the process of political pressure from the private financial sector. The history of monetary policies demonstrated the existence of formal institutional and political pressure by SFP, in which the demands were met to the extent that they were consistent with the current monetary policy / Doutorado / Ciencia Politica / Doutor em Ciência Política

Nés en France en 1994 dans les milieux ruraux en réponse à une conjoncture difficile, les systèmesd’échanges locaux s’inscrivent dans une logique en marge du modèle économique dominant, en permettant àleurs membres d’échanger des biens, des services et des savoir-faire au moyen d’une monnaie conventionnellebasée sur le temps, concurrente, mais licite, de la monnaie légale.La crainte de voir des personnes trouver dans le SEL le moyen de dissimuler une activité économiquerémunératrice est écartée dès lors que l’on distingue les sélistes-particuliers qui participent aux échanges demanière occasionnelle, de sorte qu’ils n’en tirent qu’un complément de revenu modeste, et les sélistesprofessionnelsexerçant une activité économique permanente et rémunératrice dans les conditions analogues àcelles d’un professionnel. Ces derniers doivent être soumis aux mêmes règlementations que celles applicablesaux professionnels, sous peine de sanctions.Le recours à une structure juridique permet d’organiser les échanges en leur apportant les moyens nécessaires àleur développement, spécialement par l’édition d’un catalogue des offres et des demandes et la mise en placed’un compte courant multilatéral. Même si la forme sociale est envisageable, l’association est la structure lamieux adaptée pour répondre aux besoins en organisation juridique des SEL. Elle correspond tant à leur but nonlucratif qu’à leur philosophie fondée sur des valeurs humaines et la solidarité. / Born in France in 1994 in the rural areas in reply to a difficult economic situation, Local ExchangesSystems became an alternative of the dominant economic model, which enables members to exchange goods,services and know-how thanks to a conventional currency based upon time, which is a competitive licit solutionof the existing legal currency.The fear of seeing people using the LES to hide a remunerative econonomical activity would be taken away assoon as a clear distinction is made between private-members, who take part in exchanges occasionally to add asmall additionnal income, and those who become professional by developping a permanent and lucrative activitywithin professional conditions. This category of members must abide by the same rule that applies toprofessionals, subject to sanctions.In order to organize the exchanges, the members can use a legal structure. This would give them the necessaryhelp for their development by providing a catalogue of offers and demands and the creation of a multilateralcurrent account. Even if a type of company structure is possible, an association is better adapted for the needs ofthe legal organization of the LES. It corresponds to their non lucrative and philosophical goals based uponhuman values and solidarity.