As a traditional country of immigration, New Zealand has often looked outside of its borders for its population composition and as a result 19 percent of New Zealand's current population were born overseas. In recent times, immigration has been used by successive governments as a means of countering severe skills shortages and off-setting a declining birth rate. While attention in the media, public and to some extent in academic circles has been largely focused on the increasing volume of immigrants to New Zealand from Asian countries, migration from Europe has often been overlooked and yet it remains an important component of the New Zealand's migration flows. This thesis explores this stream of migration - from the member states of the European Union to New Zealand - by examining the specific case study of contemporary European Union migration to the Canterbury region, incorporating migrants who live, work and study in Canterbury. The thesis used surveys and in-depth interviews in addition to secondary data to investigate the composition of the European Union migrant population in Canterbury, as well as exploring the motivations and experiences of these migrants. Conceptualising the motivations of contemporary migrants from the EU to New Zealand is difficult, due to a multiplicity of theories and frameworks surrounding the topic of migration. As such, this thesis suggests a three level framework drawn from in order to better understand the motivations of target population. Although the experiences of the surveyed migrants were largely positive, some difficulties were noted, particularly while seeking work and building friendships with New Zealanders. Finally, this thesis proposes a number of recommendations at a policy and academic level which may assist in furthering understandings of the important but often ignored group of European Union migrants in New Zealand.

This thesis examines the lived experience of economic migration of young and degree level educated migrants from Poland to Britain. The main aim is to explore how the participants of economic migration within the borders of the European Union experience migrating. The special feature of this migration is the fact that they leave a postcommunist country and come to a country with a well established capitalist economy and long-standing democracy. The particular questions are: how these migrants construct their experience of migrating, are they faced with any problems while doing it, and if so - how do they resolve them? The data comes from twenty-two semi-structured interviews with migrants educated to degree level who were residents and worked in one of the regions of England at a professional level or below their qualifications (manual or simple clerical work). The research utilises the critical discourse analysis perspective; the data is approached with analysis focused on linguistic choices (lexical and grammatical) evident in the respondents’ statements. This kind of analysis enables observation and in-depth interpretation of the way experiences of migrating are constructed. The migrants’ narratives were full of discursive struggle while constructing their experience of migrating. Firstly, the interviewees made an effort to present their migration as rational. Secondly, they were trying to rationalise their financial needs to refute accusations of greed for money. Thirdly, the underemployed migrants justified their employment choices by distancing themselves from work below that which they were qualified for. Fourthly, the interviewees were making an attempt to withdraw from a multicultural community by constructing the negative Other. Exploring lived experience of living and working abroad reveals competitive discourses and ways of coping with ambivalence. Understanding these discursive practices requires knowledge of their beliefs and values that underpin the discourses available in the Polish postcommunist society. Overall, the narratives overflowed with dilemmas that showed this migration as more complicated on an individual level than the official discourse of free movement of people in the EU suggests. This thesis captures the migrants’ lived experience within one year after the EU enlargement; it reflects on the narratives being shaped when migrants were given the opportunity to introduce the new discourses on migration or re-think the old ones as a result of new macro-processes in the European Union. This research complements other studies exploring migrants’ voices in search of insight into what their experiences were and how they made sense out of them. However, with the methodology used, it focuses more on uncovering the struggle over arguments available to build their stories. It offers explanation to their discursive practices by analysing them against the discourses as being products of postcommunism. The study’s results may shed more light on recent processes within this group of migrants and also inform institutional policy and practice about problems affecting members of this group, reported in this thesis.

This diploma thesis will be dealing with the process of emigration from the former Hungarian Kingdom to the USA (specifically via the ports of the state of New York) in the period from 1867 to 1880. Its aim will be to capture the economic and social situation of the immigrants after their arrival to the USA, their association with each other in the early organizations and ethnic determination. Based on primary sources, it will produce statistics. It will deal with their perception by the local inhabitants as well and it will attempt to answer the question, to what extent did they manage to fulfill "the American dream". The characteristics of the observed period will be the outcome, together with the attempt to confirm the hypothesis that this period was the preparation stage for the economic migration beginning in the 1880s. Key words: emigration, Hungary, United States of America, american dream, economic migration, immigration, ethnicity

Le Mouridisme, confrérie musulmane d’obédience soufie est un mouvement fondé par Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba MBACKE (1853-1927) en l’an 1883 dans le Cayor et le Baol royaumes situés à l’ouest et au centre du Sénégal. En effet, la pensée mouride est connue évidemment dans sa dimension spirituelle et communautaire mais elle n’est jamais mise en perspective dans le contexte actuel de mondialisation des échanges et des économies. Le travail chez le mouride prend en compte trois logiques :- la relation spirituelle au travail ou la sacralisation du travail ;- l’acquisition de connaissances philosophiques, religieuses, musulmanes ou sociétales. Un mouride se doit de s'investir, de travailler pour apprendre la relation au don de Dieu, les règles de vie en société ; - le disciple doit également être indépendant économiquement afin de préserver sa liberté. Il doit être à l’abri de soucis matériels pour mieux vivre sa foi, répondre aux besoins de l'existence humaine, aider ses proches et participer à la vie de la communauté. Toutefois, il doit développer un esprit d'entraide et donner de son temps au service de la communauté. Dans leur migration, les mourides s’adaptent dans leurs pays d’accueil mais restent profondément attachés à leur confrérie, à leurs pratiques religieuses et à leur pays. Leur rôle dans le développement socioéconomique du Sénégal n’est plus à démontrer. En effet, les mourides interviennent dans beaucoup de domaines, dont certains sont généralement dévolus à l'Etat. / Muridism, muslim brotherhood of obedience sufi is a movement founded by Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba MBACKÉ (1853-1927) in the year 1883 in Cayor and Bawol kingdoms located in the west and the centre of Senegal. Indeed, the murid thought is obviously known in its spiritual and community dimension but it is never put into perspective in the current context of globalization of trade and economies. The murid work takes into account three logics :- the spiritual relationship to work or the sacralization of the work ; the acquisition of knowledge, philosophical, religious, muslim or societal ;- a murid must commit to work to learn how the relationship to the gift of God, the rules of life in society ;- the disciple must also be independent economically in order to preserve its freedom. It must be free from material concerns to better live their faith, meet the needs of human existence, help his family and participate in the life of the community. However, it must develop a spirit of caring and giving of his time to the service of the community.In their migration, murid adapt in their host countries but remain deeply attached to their brotherhood, their religious practices and their country. Their role in the socio-economic development of Senegal is no more to demonstrate. Indeed, the murids are involved in many areas, some of which are usually vested in the State.

This diploma thesis deals with the regulations of the Czech labour market. The aim of this thesis is to describe and assess the development of Czech labour market regulations for workers outside the EU/EEA countries and Switzerland. It also compares the current state of the studied issue with the state and approach of Poland, with the intention of identifying common features and differences in the area in order to propose public policy measures on labour market regulations for workers outside the EU/EEA countries and Switzerland in the Czech Republic. The introduction deals with the influences that affect the labour market. The next part describes the development of labour market regulations in the Czech Republic and Poland in 2012-2020 and how both countries approach the implementation of individual measures. A case study was chosen as the main type of research design. The research focuses on an analysis of primary data obtained during semi-structured interviews with employees of individual ministries and a construction company owner, as well as an analysis of secondary data obtained from public policy documents, strategic and conceptual documents, legal standards, statistics and other relevant documents. Based on the performed analyses, the conclusion of the thesis provides proposals of potential...

The diploma thesis deals with the Special Work Visa (SWV) as a tool to solve the problem of the shortage of unskilled workers in agriculture, forestry and food labor market in the Czech Republic. This instrument of economic migration came into effect in December 2019 under the Czech Government regulation No. 291/1999 on special work visas for citizens of Ukraine working in agriculture, food or forestry. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to compare the practice with the newly introduced SWV with its intention - getting foreign workers into the country in a faster and easier way. The next goal of the thesis is to analyze the formation and conditions of obtaining a Special Work Visa. The third goal is to find out how was labor migration developing after 1989 and the third one is to discover the current trends of employment policy for foreigners in the Czech Republic. The thesis uses primary and secondary data and uses the dual labor market theory which explains the reasons for labor migration. The research part draws on semi-structured expert interviews. The work first analyzes the problem of labor shortages in the Czech labor market and deals with the establishment of Special Work Visa. It further analyzes in detail the goal, conditions, criteria and procedure of the SWV acquisition process....

The text deals with the current state of the language of the Czech minority in Crimea. Based on field research, it describes phenomena and changes that occurred in the language of Crimean Czechs that were caused by the influences of the foreign language and culture environment. Main focus of the text is phonetics, i.e. the way how speakers are affected by the Russian pronunciation standards. The text contains historical and cultural context relevant to the departure of Czechs to Crimea and the shape of the Czech minority nowadays. Individual chapters are dedicated to specific phenomena: deviations in the pronunciation of vocals in first syllables of words, changes in the pronunciation of the consonant [j], labialization in pronunciation of consonant [v], changes in the pronunciation of loanwords, pronunciation of consonants [ ] and [ ] in Czech words, pronunciation of toponyms, prosthesis and elimination of speech sounds from the beginning of words, deviations in the pronunciation of speech sounds from the middle of words, vocalization of prepositions and influences of Russian language standards on the use of their vocalized form.

Целью данного исследования является определить роль национально-культурных объединений в социально-культурной адаптации мигрантов, прибывающих в Россию из Кыргызстана. Исследование проводилось на примере Кыргызской диаспоры "Кыргызстан-Урал". Работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и списка литературы. В первой главе рассматриваются проблемы социально-культурной адаптации мигрантов в условиях современной России. Во второй главе работы анализируется роль национально-культурных обществ в этих процессах и, в частности, рассматривается деятельность национально-культурного организация «Кыргызстан-Урал». Третья глава работы носит практический характер. Содержание работы изложено на 127 страницах. / The purpose of this study is to determine the role of national and cultural associations in the socio-cultural adaptation of migrants arriving in Russia from Kyrgyzstan. The study was carried out on the example of the Kyrgyz diaspora "Kyrgyzstan-Ural". The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a bibliography. The first chapter examines the problems of social and cultural adaptation of migrants in the conditions of modern Russia. The second chapter of the work analyzes the role of national-cultural societies in these processes and, in particular, examines the activities of the national-cultural organization "Kyrgyzstan-Ural". The third chapter of the work is practical. The content of the work is presented on 127 pages.