Includes bibliographical references (leaves [117]-124). / This research investigates the relationship between economic well-being and attitudes to race amongst its respondents who took part in a survey known as the Cape Area Study (CAS) in 2005. In this inquiry, economic well-being is measured in two ways, by (household) income level and living conditions, the latter by means of a Living Coalitions Index (LCI), created by the author. The degree to which these two measures are able to explain variability in attitudes to race in the respondent sample is investigated. The specific aspect of attitude to race focused upon in this investigation is amenability to racial integration, and is measured by means of the Amenability to Racial Integration Index (ARII), also constructed by the author. Aside from the chief explanatory element of economic well-being, the degree of influence of other factors on attitude to race such as gender, age, education and employment status are also explored.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Os jogos de empresas, ambientes laboratoriais caracterizados por interações de múltiplas variáveis, têm sido pouco utilizados para pesquisas em face das críticas a sua validade interna, ou seja, à capacidade de o ambiente bem representar relações de causa e efeito (KEYS; WOLFE, 1990; STAINTON et al, 2010). Ao contrário, são usados com frequência para ensino-aprendizagem (FARIA et al, 2009) e considerados ambientes verossímeis quanto ao contexto organizacional e à capacidade de generalização dos resultados obtidos - validade externa (MICHALISIN et al, 2004; STAINTON et al, 2010). O oposto ocorre nos ambientes laboratoriais adotados no programa de pesquisa da economia experimental, que, ao utilizarem delineamentos simplificados (geralmente com fator único) têm maior reconhecimento para pesquisa, pois permitem o controle da validade interna (ROTH, 2010). Contudo, tais pesquisas são frequentemente criticadas pela baixa validade externa, decorrente da utilização do delineamento simplificado (LEVITT; LIST, 2007b, p. 353; CAMERER, 2011). Buscou-se nesta tese aproximar jogos de empresas e economia experimental e estudar as condições em que os jogos de empresas tornam-se ambientes laboratoriais adequados para pesquisas econômicas. Para cumprir este objetivo a tese foi composta por quatro estudos. O ensaio teórico revisitou os fundamentos dos programas de pesquisa de jogos de empresas e de economia experimental e permitiu delinear três estudos teórico-empíricos, conduzidos com os jogos de empresas. No primeiro, sob o enfoque neoclássico, foi verificado se os preços praticados em monopólio diferiram dos preços de oligopólio. Assim como sinaliza a teoria, os resultados convergiram com os estudos realizados a partir de Smith (1981), evidenciando validade interna. No segundo estudo, conduzido sob o enfoque da organização industrial, foram adotados dois modelos de aferição de poder de mercado e comparados sinal e magnitude dos desvios, ora estimados pela Nova Organização Industrial Empírica (NOIE), ora baseados em dados contábeis conforme o modelo de Estrutura-Conduta-Desempenho (ECD). O resultado foi condizente com os achados de Clay e Troesken (2003), evidenciando validade interna. No terceiro estudo, conduzido sob o enfoque da economia comportamental, foi examinado se o desempenho organizacional teve relação com o nível de confiança das estimativas subjetivas de gestores, como predito por Moore e Healy (2008), o que foi confirmado. Os resultados evidenciaram a adequação dos jogos de empresas nas pesquisas econômicas sobre oligopólio e poder de mercado, na verificação de validade externa, na condução de pesquisas experimentais e não experimentais. Os jogos de empresas, sob condições de validade interna, poderão ser adotados como ambientes laboratoriais por pesquisadores em Administração e Economia para replicar estudos seminais e ampliar a validade externa de hipóteses advindas de delineamentos simplificados. / With laboratory environment characterized by interactions of multiple variables, business games have had limited use in research to be criticized for the internal validity, i.e. the environment\'s capacity to represent relations of cause and effect (KEYS; WOLFE, 1990; STAINTON et al, 2010). Because of this, its use has been predominantly for educational purposes (FARIA et al, 2009). Despite this limitation, the business games have been cited as credible environments in relation to the organizational context, which increases the generalizability of the results (external validity) (MICHALISIN et al, 2004; STAINTON et al, 2010). The opposite occurs with the laboratory environments used in experimental economics, which, when using simplified research designs, usually with unique factor, have had more use in research, mainly through control of internal validity (ROTH, 2010). However, these studies are often criticized by the low external validity, caused by the use of the simplified design (LEVITT; LIST, 2007b, p 353;. CAMERER, 2011). This research, by approaching business games and experimental economics, verify the conditions under which the business games are laboratory environments for economic research and contribute to the limitations of validity in both research programs. Throughout the thesis were developed four studies to fulfill this goal. The review of research programs of business games and experimental economics, theoretical study, allowed us to propose the design of the empirical economic studies with the business games. In the first empirical study, with a focus on neoclassical approach, it was checked if the prices in monopoly differed from oligopoly. As previous studies, the research obtained similar results to previous studies realized since Smith (1981). In the second empirical study, conducted under the research program of industrial organization, sign and magnitude of the deviation of market power measurement model of the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) were compared to the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) based on accounting data. The result was consistent with Clay and Troesken (2003). In the third study, conducted under the program of behavioral economics, it was examined if organizational performance was related to the confidence level of subjective estimates of individuals, as predicted by Moore and Healy (2008), which was confirmed. The results showed evidence of the adequacy of the laboratory environment of business games for economic research in areas related to oligopoly and market power, to external validity verification, and realization of experimental and not experimental research. As a conclusion, researchers in Business Administration and Economics can use the business game environment for conducting research to evaluate the external validity of assumptions arising from simplified research designs, and for educational purposes in both areas.

Os jogos de empresas, ambientes laboratoriais caracterizados por interações de múltiplas variáveis, têm sido pouco utilizados para pesquisas em face das críticas a sua validade interna, ou seja, à capacidade de o ambiente bem representar relações de causa e efeito (KEYS; WOLFE, 1990; STAINTON et al, 2010). Ao contrário, são usados com frequência para ensino-aprendizagem (FARIA et al, 2009) e considerados ambientes verossímeis quanto ao contexto organizacional e à capacidade de generalização dos resultados obtidos - validade externa (MICHALISIN et al, 2004; STAINTON et al, 2010). O oposto ocorre nos ambientes laboratoriais adotados no programa de pesquisa da economia experimental, que, ao utilizarem delineamentos simplificados (geralmente com fator único) têm maior reconhecimento para pesquisa, pois permitem o controle da validade interna (ROTH, 2010). Contudo, tais pesquisas são frequentemente criticadas pela baixa validade externa, decorrente da utilização do delineamento simplificado (LEVITT; LIST, 2007b, p. 353; CAMERER, 2011). Buscou-se nesta tese aproximar jogos de empresas e economia experimental e estudar as condições em que os jogos de empresas tornam-se ambientes laboratoriais adequados para pesquisas econômicas. Para cumprir este objetivo a tese foi composta por quatro estudos. O ensaio teórico revisitou os fundamentos dos programas de pesquisa de jogos de empresas e de economia experimental e permitiu delinear três estudos teórico-empíricos, conduzidos com os jogos de empresas. No primeiro, sob o enfoque neoclássico, foi verificado se os preços praticados em monopólio diferiram dos preços de oligopólio. Assim como sinaliza a teoria, os resultados convergiram com os estudos realizados a partir de Smith (1981), evidenciando validade interna. No segundo estudo, conduzido sob o enfoque da organização industrial, foram adotados dois modelos de aferição de poder de mercado e comparados sinal e magnitude dos desvios, ora estimados pela Nova Organização Industrial Empírica (NOIE), ora baseados em dados contábeis conforme o modelo de Estrutura-Conduta-Desempenho (ECD). O resultado foi condizente com os achados de Clay e Troesken (2003), evidenciando validade interna. No terceiro estudo, conduzido sob o enfoque da economia comportamental, foi examinado se o desempenho organizacional teve relação com o nível de confiança das estimativas subjetivas de gestores, como predito por Moore e Healy (2008), o que foi confirmado. Os resultados evidenciaram a adequação dos jogos de empresas nas pesquisas econômicas sobre oligopólio e poder de mercado, na verificação de validade externa, na condução de pesquisas experimentais e não experimentais. Os jogos de empresas, sob condições de validade interna, poderão ser adotados como ambientes laboratoriais por pesquisadores em Administração e Economia para replicar estudos seminais e ampliar a validade externa de hipóteses advindas de delineamentos simplificados. / With laboratory environment characterized by interactions of multiple variables, business games have had limited use in research to be criticized for the internal validity, i.e. the environment\'s capacity to represent relations of cause and effect (KEYS; WOLFE, 1990; STAINTON et al, 2010). Because of this, its use has been predominantly for educational purposes (FARIA et al, 2009). Despite this limitation, the business games have been cited as credible environments in relation to the organizational context, which increases the generalizability of the results (external validity) (MICHALISIN et al, 2004; STAINTON et al, 2010). The opposite occurs with the laboratory environments used in experimental economics, which, when using simplified research designs, usually with unique factor, have had more use in research, mainly through control of internal validity (ROTH, 2010). However, these studies are often criticized by the low external validity, caused by the use of the simplified design (LEVITT; LIST, 2007b, p 353;. CAMERER, 2011). This research, by approaching business games and experimental economics, verify the conditions under which the business games are laboratory environments for economic research and contribute to the limitations of validity in both research programs. Throughout the thesis were developed four studies to fulfill this goal. The review of research programs of business games and experimental economics, theoretical study, allowed us to propose the design of the empirical economic studies with the business games. In the first empirical study, with a focus on neoclassical approach, it was checked if the prices in monopoly differed from oligopoly. As previous studies, the research obtained similar results to previous studies realized since Smith (1981). In the second empirical study, conducted under the research program of industrial organization, sign and magnitude of the deviation of market power measurement model of the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) were compared to the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) based on accounting data. The result was consistent with Clay and Troesken (2003). In the third study, conducted under the program of behavioral economics, it was examined if organizational performance was related to the confidence level of subjective estimates of individuals, as predicted by Moore and Healy (2008), which was confirmed. The results showed evidence of the adequacy of the laboratory environment of business games for economic research in areas related to oligopoly and market power, to external validity verification, and realization of experimental and not experimental research. As a conclusion, researchers in Business Administration and Economics can use the business game environment for conducting research to evaluate the external validity of assumptions arising from simplified research designs, and for educational purposes in both areas.

7 The present work deals is a biography of Professor JUDr. Cyril Horacek, who was a prominent national economist, educator and politician during the turn of the century and especially in the first third of the 20th century. It examines his life stories and personal development with an emphasis on his career economist, educator and policy with regard to his private activities and interests. In several chapters, especially those concerning economics, he puts his expert view and work into the context of that time economic thinking and compares them with the work and ideas of others Czech national economists of that time.