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Editorial

Many people assume that editorial cartoons are easily understood by the bulk of the population. For this reason, editorial cartoons are often used as teaching materials in the classroom. Recent research, however, raises doubts as to the effectiveness of this practice. Investigations by Bedient (1971) and DeSousa & Medhurst (1982) determined that the majority of students (grade 5 through college) could not interpret editorial cartoons. These investigators went on to suggest that a logical next step would be to determine if editorial cartoon literacy can be taught. The cognitive style of the participants was examined to determine if the different teaching strategies were differentially effective vis-a-vis field dependence and field independence. Two presentations (treatments) were designed to model methods of reading editorial cartoons. The Whole Cartoon Analysis presented 25 editorial cartoons along with a 100-200 word interpretation of each cartoon. The Parse Analysis Treatment was accomplished in three steps rather than the one for the Whole method. In step one, the whole cartoon is presented with a short gloss of the meaning. In step two all of the cartoon is visually suppressed except for one visual meaning element. This element of the cartoon is discussed and then the next element of the cartoon is added, and so on until the entire cartoon is back on the screen at which point the overall meaning is discussed. The dependent variable of the investigation was the two-part Editorial Cartoon Interpretation Task. Part A asked each participant to enumerate the symbols in the cartoon and define them as to meaning. Part B asked the participant to write a short thematic interpretation of the cartoon. A two-way Analysis of Variance on the data revealed no significant differences in either the main effects or the interaction. / Ed. D.

Esta tesis analiza los alcances, limitaciones y posibilidades de tres proyectos cartoneros escolares: Efraín y Enrique Cartoneros del colegio Trilce, Chuskapalavra Cartonera de la casa de aprendizajes Árbol de Sueños y La Ingeniosa Cartonera del colegio alternativo José Antonio Encinas Franco. Por un lado, examina sus propuestas frente a las problemáticas de funcionamiento de la industria editorial hegemónica neoliberal en el Perú y la enseñanza de Literatura en la escuela. Por otro lado, propone que, con sus diferencias, estas editoriales cartoneras escolares representan una posibilidad de diálogo entre lo canónico y lo marginal, pues abren caminos alternativos de acercamiento a la cultura, la literatura, la lectura y la escritura mediante la activación de una circulación periférica. / Tesis

[EN] ABSTRACT The current research project is an analysis and study of the Editorial Design in Portugal, based on an approach that contains the different stages throughout the career of the researcher in this area. It is intended to provide practical and theoretical intersections capable of making the learning experience visible to the process and its implications for the project area. The purpose of this project is to contribute to the study of design in general and to the Editorial Design in Portugal. After the introduction to the theme, follows the historic framework and a deep analysis of the structures and grafic narratives of five publications, three of which are connected to a globally well-known brand, the Elle magazine, and two sectorial titles - the magazines Intermagazine and Comer. Later on, and as a conclusion for this project, a Brand is created along with a publication on paper and in a digital format focused on a target of young adults of both sexes, that revalues portuguese products along with new tendencies related to well-being and lifestyle, aiming to establish structural lines of Editorial Design, with support independency, and differences in its application in diverse environments. The present research aims at defining the role of Editorial Design in its condition of an essencial tool to transmit knowledge. It is also a contribution to understand the transformation of the media functions bearing in mind the impact of the new Technologies. / [ES] RESUMEN El proyecto de investigación presentado corresponde a un análisis sobre el Diseño Editorial en Portugal, llevado a cabo a través de las diferentes etapas que constituyen la carrera profesional de la investigadora en esta área, con el objetivo de establecer conexiones entre el conocimiento teórico y la experiencia y aplicación práctica de ese mismo conocimiento. De esa forma se hace visible el proceso y su aprendizaje para exponer sus implicaciones en el área de proyectos. El objetivo de lo proyecto de investigación es el de ser una contribución para el estudio del diseño en general y del diseño editorial en Portugal. Después de la introducción del tema, se procede a la contextualización histórica y al análisis detallado de las estructuras y narrativas gráficas de cinco publicaciones, tres de ellas afectan a una marca reconocida a nivel mundial, la revista Elle, y dos títulos sectoriales: las revistas Intermagazine y Comer. En un momento posterior, y como conclusión de lo proyecto de investigación, son creadas una marca y una publicación en papel y en soporte digital, destinadas a un universo constituido por jóvenes adultos, de ambos géneros, que revaloriza productos portugueses y nuevas tendencias asociadas al bienestar y estilos de vida. La creación de la marca y las publicaciones tiene por objetivo el establecer las estructuras básicas de soporte del Diseño Editorial y sus diferencias al ser concretadas en ambientes de distinta naturaleza. El trabajo realizado pretende determinar el papel del Diseño Editorial en su condición de herramienta esencial para la transmisión de conocimiento. Asimismo, es una contribución para entender la transformación de los medios de comunicación, teniendo en cuenta el impacto de la tecnología digital. / [CA] RESUM El projecte de recerca presentat és una anàlisi sobre el Disseny Editorial a Portugal, dut a terme a través de les diferents etapes que constitueixen la carrera professional de la investigadora en aquesta àrea, amb l'objectiu d'establir connexions entre el coneixement teòric i l'experiència i aplicació pràctica d'aqueix mateix coneixement. D'aqueixa forma es fa visible el procés i el seu aprenentatge per a exposar les seues implicacions en l'àrea de projecte. L'objectiu de la tesi és el de ser una contribució per a l'estudi del disseny en general i del Disseny Editorial a Portugal. Després de la introducció del tema, es procedeix a la contextualització històrica i a l'anàlisi detallada de les estructures i narratives gràfiques de cinc publicacions, tres d'aquestes afectes a una marca reconeguda a nivell mundial, la revista Elle, i dos títols sectorials: les revistes Intermagazine i Comer. En un moment posterior, i com a conclusió de la tesi, són creades una Marca i una publicació en paper i en digital, destinada a un univers constituït per joves adults, de tots dos gèneres, que revaloritza productes portuguesos i noves tendències associades a el benestar i estils de vida. La creació de la marca i les publicacions té per objectiu l'establir les estructures bàsiques de suport del Disseny Editorial i les seues diferències en ser concretades en ambients de diferent naturalesa. El treball realitzat pretén determinar el paper del Disseny Editorial en la seua condició d'eina essencial per a la transmissió de coneixement. Així mateix, és una contribució per a entendre la transformació dels mitjans de comunicació, tenint en compte l'impacte de la tecnologia digital. / Figueiredo Silva, CM. (2016). DESIGN EDITORIAL EM PORTUGAL - As Revistas de Tendências nos Suportes de Papel e Digital, Projectos Desenvolvidos e Experiência Aplicada [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61636

Institutional support of higher teaching and learning at scale poses three unique challenges. The first challenge is poor institutional accounting of instructors' use of educational platforms and software, especially the learning management system (LMS). The second challenge is a deficit of trust among stakeholders with unique job roles, prerogatives, and editorial preferences. The third challenge is one-size-fits-all, open-loop, or stopgap support processes. To address these challenges, this three-phase dissertation project proposes a novel sociotechnical framework for institutional support using trustworthy educational recommender systems. This framework accounts for LMS platform contexts, multiple stakeholders, and editorial trust relationships. In its first phase, the project proposes ``Depth of Use" (DOU): a first-principles framework of frequent LMS use-contexts. DOU is found to highlight low-adoption course cohorts, evaluate course design interventions, and improve IT emergency preparedness. The second phase of this project proposes a novel model of recommendation trustworthiness based in stakeholder allocation of RS editorial tasks. The study discovers a spectrum of faculty intentions about editorial division-of-labor and its frequent rationales, including student expertise, professional curriculum needs, authorship burdens at scale, and learner disengagement. In its third phase, the project investigates how editorial trust might be enhanced by transparency cues (guarantees, social proof, content tags). The dissertation concludes with a set of design guidelines to aid HCI practitioners in enhancing editorial transparency and algorithmic explainability, and increasing process efficacy of institutional support. / Doctor of Philosophy / In higher education, supporting faculty effectively can be challenging, especially with technology use at scale. This dissertation reckons with three primary aspects of this challenge: inadequate tracking of how educators use learning platforms, low trust among different institutional stakeholders, and inefficient support processes. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework to personalize instructional support using learning management systems (LMS) as platforms to reach out to faculty, interpret their technology needs, and deliver interventions using educational recommender systems (ERS). Our framework allows better understanding of faculty's LMS use, editorial intent, and trust of automation. It also highlights structural barriers to trust and process efficacy at universities. Finally, it delivers guidelines for the design of trustworthy educational recommendation and support processes.

La calidad en las empresas editoras de libros en la ciudad de Lima es escaso porque no cuentan con un sistema de Gestión de Calidad. El propósito de la investigación es identificar el nivel de cumplimiento de los nueve factores del TQM en las empresas Editoras de Libros en Lima Metropolitana. La presente investigación del tipo descriptivo, realizada en la ciudad de Lima durante el mes de Mayo de 2015 es el análisis de los nueve factores para la implementación de La Administración de la Calidad Total, como el compromiso de la Alta Gerencia, el Planeamiento de la Calidad, Auditoría y Evaluación de la Calidad, Diseño del Producto, Gestión de la Calidad del Proveedor, Control y Mejoramiento del Proceso, Educación y Entrenamiento, Círculos de Calidad y Enfoque hacia la satisfacción del Cliente. Para dicho efecto se toma como base el estudio realizado por Benzaquen (2013) La metodología empleada, fue un estudio cuantitativo, mediante encuestas realizadas a los gerentes, dueños o funcionarios de primer nivel jerárquico, se verificó que las Editoriales de Libros de Lima Metropolitana no cuentan con Sistemas Integrado de Calidad. De la información obtenida de la SUNAT y la Cámara Comercio de Lima pudo definirse la población y se estableció que existen 188 Editoriales de Libros en Lima Metropolitana, la muestra tomada para las encuestas es de 160 empresas. Del resultado principal de la investigación se concluye que, al no haberse implementado la administración de la calidad total en las Editoras de Libros de Lima Metropolitana las diferentes áreas de estas organizaciones se ven afectadas por no poseer lineamientos de acuerdo al TQM. Como conclusión principal se puede afirmar que las editoriales de libros en la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana no tienen implementado Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad, lo que origina que en la mayoría de los casos sus productos sean de baja calidad y se generen mayores costos de producción y menor rentabilidad para las empresas de este sector / The quality in books publishing companies in the city of Lima is poor because they lack a system of Quality Management. The purpose of the research is to identify the level of compliance of the nine factors of TQM in the Book publishers in Metropolitan Lima. The present type of research descriptive in Lima during the month of May 2015 analyzed the nine factors for the administration and implementation of the Total Quality Management , as the commitment of senior management, the Planning Quality Audit and Quality Assessment, Product Design, Management Supplier Quality Control and Process Improvement, Education and Training, Quality Circles and Focus on customer satisfaction. To this effect is taken based on the study by Benzaquen (2013). The methodology used , convenience design research, was determined to make a quantitative study surveys conducted by managers or owners or officials first hierarchical level, it was verified that the publishers of Lima Metropolitan Books do not have Integrated Quality Systems . Information obtained from the tax system and the Lima Chamber of Commerce could be defined population and established that there are 188 publishers Books in Metropolitan Lima, the sample taken for surveys is 160 companies. The main result of the investigation it is concluded that the administration of total quality in book publishing Metropolitan Lima different areas of these organizations have implemented are affected by not having guidelines or policies of quality management. As a conclusion it can be said that the Book publishers in Metropolitan Lima do not have implemented quality management systems, which originates that in most cases their products are of low quality and generate higher production costs and lower profitability for companies in this sector

Användandet av molnbaserade språkmodeller blir allt vanligare i takt med att de blir mer tillgängliga, och deras kapacitet att bearbeta och generera text förbättras ständigt. Men för användare och organisationer som arbetar med känslig information uppstår en utmaning, eftersom all data som behandlas av dessa modeller överförs till serveroperatören. I och med detta växer behovet av så kallade On-Premisemodeller, som kan köras lokalt på en användares eller organisations egna servrar. Därför ämnar detta projekt till att identifiera, testa och jämföra flera on-premise-språkmodeller med inriktning på textbehandling. Detta inkluderar uppgifter som att upptäcka fel i stavning, grammatik och bruk av skiljetecken, samt att analysera språkanvändning. Projektet innebar att söka efter modeller på hemsidan HuggingFace.co som hanterar både svenska och engelska och sedan implementera dem på olika AWS EC2-instanser. Efter en inledande granskning av flera modeller, identifierades två särskilt lovande alternativ, Viking och GPT-SW3, som var tillräckligt kapabla att genomföra de mer avancerade sorters tester. De utvalda modellerna genomgick en omfattande process av prompt-engineering för att optimera deras prestanda och maximera deras förmåga att demonstrera sin kompetens. Efter detta skapades standardiserade tester för grammatik, stavning och bruk av skiljetecken, samt översättning. Dessutom skapades mer avancerade tester som inkluderade omstrukturering av text, samt förenkling och anpassning av texter till en specifik persona. Resultaten av dessa tester visade att båda prövade modeller hade god förmåga att korrigera fel i stavning, grammatik, och bruk av skiljetecken i texter, samt översättning av texter. GPT-SW3 visade även god förmåga i personatesterna, medan modellen Viking inte var kapabel till att genomföra denna sorts behandling av texter. Parallellt med testandet av språkmodellerna utvecklades ett skript för att analysera hårdvarans prestanda och kostnad under exekveringen av språkmodellerna. Detta skript kördes på flera olika AWS EC2-instanser, var och en utrustad med olika typer av hårdvara. Prestationerna från de olika instanserna jämfördes, och resultaten visade att körning av modellerna på Inferentia2chip gav den bästa prestandan och den lägsta kostnaden per genererat ord, fastän denna hårdvara hade den högsta timkostnaden. Alla CPUinstanser som testades presterade betydligt sämre än GPU-instansen, men var markant billigare att hyra per timme. Detta kan vara en fördel för on-demand-applikationer där kostnadseffektivitet prioriteras. / The use of cloud-based language models is becoming increasingly common as they become more accessible, and their capabilities to process and generate text are continually improving. However, a challenge arises for users and organizations handling sensitive data because all processed data is transmitted to the server operator. As a result, there’s a growing need for so-called On-Premise models, which can be operated locally on the servers of a user or organization. This project aims to identify, test, and compare several on-premise language models, "Focusing on tasks such as detecting errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation, as well as analyzing language usage. The project involved searching for models that support both Swedish and English on the website Huggingface.co and implementing them on various AWS EC2 instances. After an initial assessment, two particularly promising models, Viking and GPT-SW3, were identified as capable enough for more detailed testing. The selected models underwent an extensive prompt-engineering process to optimize their performance and maximize their ability to demonstrate their capabilities. Following this, standardized tests for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and translation were developed. Additionally,more advanced tests were designed, including restructuring, simplifying, and adapting texts to specific personas. The results from the tests showed that both tested models had high proficiency in correcting errors regarding spelling, grammar, and punctuation, and in translating texts between Swedish and English. GPT-SW3 had high proficiency in rewriting texts to use other styles, such as using formal or simplistic language, while the Viking model had no proficiency in achieving these types of tasks. Concurrently with the model testing, a script was developed to analyze the performance and costs of the hardware during the model executions. This script was implemented on several AWS EC2 instances, each equipped with different hardware types. The performance of these instances was compared, and the results showed that running the models on the Inferentia2 chip offered the best performance and the lowest cost per generated word, despite having the highest hourly rental cost. All CPU instances tested performed significantly worse than the GPU instance but were a lot cheaper to rent per hour. This could be advantageous for on-demand applications where cost efficiency is a priority.

This problem's investigation deals with gauging the artistic influence, if any, pioneer editorial cartoonist John Knott had on his successors, Ficklen and McClanahan. Information was gathered through interviews and the pages of the Dallas Morning News. Organization is as follows: introduction, biography and art of Knott, biography and art of Ficklen, biography and art of McClanahan, summary and conclusion. The study found minimal artistic influence by Knott on the cartoons of Ficklen and McClanahan. Compared to Knott, Ficklen and McClanahan had different art backgrounds, cartoon styles, personal and political beliefs. Knott's successors admired different artists, drew during a different editorial page emphasis and had more freedom in cartoon selection than Knott did. Neither Ficklen nor McClanahan listed Knott as an artistic influence.