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This dissertation describes a microethnographic study of the induction of preschool children into the practices of schooled literacy at an ex-Natal Education Department, Anglican-affiliated preschool. The sources of data are participant observation and audio-recordings of planning time interaction; interviews with key informants; and site documentation. The principal finding of the study is that planning time, a seemingly inconsequential preschool event, differentially inducts children into literacy practices that anticipate expository reporting. Such literacy practices carry high prestige in Western capitalist society, being the recognised convention for presenting and contesting information. Planning time was originally designed as an intervention program to facilitate nonmainstream literacy acquisition by making the conventions explicit, thus minimising cultural and linguistic discontinuities between home and school-based literacy practices. However at Church Preschool, an essentially closed environment with access controlled by mechanisms such as waiting lists, this event has been co-opted to further maximise mainstream advantage. The data reveals that, despite a rhetoric of openness in making the norms explicit, planning time only inducts nonrnainstream children into elementary literacy practices. Beyond that point, the conventions become increasingly implicit and depend on shared knowledge of mainstream norms. Planning time functions as a covert gatekeeping event that effectively maintains the status quo by guarding access to powerful literacy practices. The tension between the rhetoric of openness and the reality of who gains mastery of the literacy practices suggests that planning time restricts access not on the level of entry, but at the point of acquisition. / Thesis (M.A.-Linguistics) - UnIversity of Natal, 1996.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-22T11:33:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marisa Pinheiro de Oliveira Fernandes.pdf: 2704755 bytes, checksum: e376f386437ccdb00ce521eb7a315536 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T11:33:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marisa Pinheiro de Oliveira Fernandes.pdf: 2704755 bytes, checksum: e376f386437ccdb00ce521eb7a315536 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 / This study was conducted in a early childhood school from the São Paulo city Educational Network. This paper aims to analyse the elements that createn difficulties to execute avaliation according to regulation (Orientação Normativa nº 01/2013), which set pattern to all the early childhood educations institutions for the avaliation procedure of children from 0 to 5 years. Based on this regulations, the avaliation will be executed by sistematization of children’s experiences registers. At the end of semester, these files will be summarized in reports, which will follow the children all the way long the education fasses.This study has as methological reference the educational qualitative aproach of Lüdke e André(1998), Gatti(2012) and Franco(2012), from which data were collected and analysed in the last four years on questionnaires, structured interviews, focal groups to early school teachers and documental analysis. In order to value all the investigation path, the option was to show all the problems related in the development of methodological procedures, no cuts neither text selection, keeping the mistakes arquives and the corrections. The theoretical background of this paper is based on studies conducted by the researchers Hoffmann (2011), Hadji (2001), Perrenoud (1999) and Zabalza (1998). Acording to these authors, the avaliation is considered crucial part of the teaching plan, because it allows to point out the needs, development and interests of the children and turn them targets in the educatinal task. Findings indicate that the problem is composed of three dimensions: Organizational, Operational, Affective/Relational and The Teacher’s Concepts We believe they are elements that create barriers to execute avaliation, according to education system’s rules. Based on our results, proposals are offered with the expectation of getting a avaliation tool, which allows that the childish develpment can be increased. This includes changes in the forms, so that the descriptive reports turn continued reports into. Besides, creation of communication procedures involving teachers groups are needed. All these steps would be through TICs resources, which must be acesssible to the teachers / O presente trabalho é um estudo investigativo realizado em uma Escola de Educação Infantil, da Rede Municipal de Ensino de São Paulo, com o objetivo de analisar os fatores que têm dificultado as docentes, desta instituição, em proceder a avaliação das crianças em conformidade com as normas estabelecidas pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação, constantes na Orientação Normativa nº 01/2013, que estabelece critérios comuns às suas Instituições de Educação Infantil, para o procedimento de avaliação das crianças de 0 a 5 anos. A partir dessa normativa, a avaliação das crianças passa a ser executada por meio da sistematização de registros dos fazeres vividos cotidianamente pela criança e pelo grupo, sendo que, ao término de cada semestre, esses registros devem ser sintetizados em relatórios, os quais acompanharão a criança no decorrer do percurso na Educação Infantil e na sua passagem para o Ensino Fundamental. Esse estudo tem como referência metodológica a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa em Educação, sob a perspectiva de Lüdke e André (1998); Gatti (2012) e Franco (2012), a partir da qual foram realizadas as etapas de produção dos dados e análise do conteúdo dos Relatórios Descritivos de avaliação das crianças, elaborados no decorrer dos últimos quatro anos, os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionários, entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupo focal aplicado às docentes da EMEI e análise documental. Valorizando o percurso desta investigação, optou-se por apresentar sem cortes ou seleção os percalços ocorridos no desenvolver dos procedimentos metodológicos, mantendo o registro dos equívocos e das correções. A vertente teórica contemplada consta das avaliações formativa e mediadora, representadas por Hoffmann (2011), Hadji (2001), Perrenoud (1999) e Zabalza (1998). Nesses pressupostos, a Avaliação é considerada elemento essencial do planejamento e da ação docente, por permitir que os interesses, as necessidades e os avanços das crianças sejam identificados e tornem-se direcionadores do trabalho pedagógico. A análise dos resultados indica que o problema investigado perpassa por três dimensões: Organizacional; Técnico-operacional; Relacional-afetiva; e, Concepções docentes, nas quais localizamos elementos que, de certa forma, dificultam aos professores a realização da avaliação das crianças, conforme normatizado pela Rede Municipal de Educação de São Paulo. Frente ao desvelado, são propostas ações com a expectativa de tornar a Avaliação um instrumento de aprimoramento da prática docente e potencializador do desenvolvimento e da aprendizagem das crianças. Propõe-se, então, a adaptação dos impressos dos Relatórios Descritivos para um modelo de relatório continuado; a criação de procedimento de comunicação e avaliação conjunta, por meio de recursos das TICs ao alcance das docentes

La recherche a développé, dans le premier chapitre, le cadre théorique et l’analyse de certains aspects conceptuels concernant les systèmes éducatifs et l’éducation préscolaire, ainsi que l’analyse de données permettant la comparaison et l’évaluation des structures éducatives et d’accueil de la petite enfance dans les pays suivants :Australie, Belgique, Brésil, Canada, France, Pérou et Cuba. <p>Ceux-ci ont servi aussi en partie comme base pour l’étude comparative et évaluative des structures éducatives préscolaires au Pérou. <p>Nous avons mis en évidence qu’il existe différentes manières de concevoir l’organisation des services d’accueil pour les petits enfants, en fonction par exemple de facteurs sociaux, économiques, géographiques, etc. qui peuvent « configurer » différemment les services et programmes d’éducation proposés. <p>Dans les pays d’Amérique Latine et du Caraïbe, particulièrement dans le cas du Pérou, en accord à leur situation géographique, les services d’éducation préscolaire se concentrent principalement dans le contexte urbain, où il y a prédominance des services « formels » (publics ou privés). Les modalités « non formelles » prédominent dans les zones rurales, zones de frontière et zones caractérisées par de hauts taux de pauvreté et de vulnérabilité.<p>Dans ces pays, l’éducation « non formelle » a acquis au départ un caractère social, plus que éducatif puisqu’elle s’est développée pour venir en appui aux parents qui travaillent et compenser les situations de risque des enfants, comme la pauvreté ou le fait d’habiter dans des zones urbaines marginales, rurales ou de frontière, ce qui implique le développement social et l’amélioration des conditions de vie. Dans le cas de Cuba, du Pérou et du Brésil il existe ainsi un grand nombre de ces structures.<p>Dans les pays développés, on utilise rarement les termes d’éducation « formelle » et « non formelle ». Cette dernière correspondrait par exemple aux structures alternatives d’accueil des enfants dans son propre domicile, surtout pour les plus petits, avec du personnel privé (gardiennes) mais pouvant être contrôlé par les autorités. Le concept de « non formel » pourrait être pris aussi dans un sens plus large pour qualifier des initiatives qui constituent des alternatives à l’enseignement classique, qui associent différents types de partenaire et qui visent par exemple à renforcer les liens entre une école et la communauté locale dans laquelle elle s’insère. <p>L’intérêt par le thème répond aux besoins d’identifier et d’analyser les caractéristiques des structures éducatives préscolaires et les modes de gestion des institutions qui accueillent les petits enfants (de moins de trois ans), afin de connaître les mécanismes de prise en charge qu’elles développent pour répondre aux besoins éducatifs liés au développement social, économique, politique et culturel.<p>Après, nous présentons les objectifs, la méthodologie et les résultats sur les aspects comparatifs et évaluatifs de la première partie de cette recherche, réalisée dans le cadre du DEA.<p>Ensuite, dans le deuxième chapitre, nous formulons la problématique de recherche et sa justification, et nous présentons le plan de recherche en ce qui concerne les objectifs, hypothèses, variables, méthodologie, échantillon, processus de recueil des données, techniques et instruments de recueil des données.<p>Nous développons ensuite, dans le troisième chapitre, les aspects méthodologiques, en ce qui concerne le niveau et type de recherche, description de la population et de l’échantillon, présentation des méthodes, des techniques et des instruments pour le recueil, les modalités pour l’organisation, le traitement et l’analyse des donnés.<p>Finalement, dans le quatrième chapitre, nous présentons les données, analyses et discussion des résultats, ainsi que les conclusions générales.<p>Notre travail peut apporter à la recherche concernant ce groupe d’âge, parce qu’il peut constituer une systématisation de l’organisation et du fonctionnement des structures d’accueil pour les enfants les plus petits et peut être une motivation pour continuer d’autres études sur le thème de l’éducation préscolaire, liées à des autres aspects de la gestion, aux méthodologies d’enseignement, à l’analyse des programmes, à la formation des enseignantes, etc. et dans d’autres contextes.<p>Cela mettre en évidence le besoin d’actions multisectorielles et la coordination articulée et intégrée entre les différents secteurs pour assurer aux enfants un développement intégral (l’éducation et le développement de toutes leurs potentialités, la garde de la nourrice et de la santé).<p>On peut tirer de cette recherche certaines conclusions qui comprennent un cadre conceptuel pour la comparaison et l’évaluation des structures éducatives préscolaires pour les enfants de moins de trois ans, indiquant les facteurs et des critères qu’il convient de prendre en considération pour des études similaires. À cet égard, à partir de la recherche a surgi la réflexion sur les critères pour évaluer la cohérence, la qualité et l’équité dans les structures d’accueil, mais elle a démontré aussi qu’il n’est pas possible de fixer les mêmes indicateurs ou standards à niveau général, ils doivent être fixés d’après la perspective de chaque réalité concrète, avec la participation des acteurs, en considérant les caractéristiques culturels et du contexte, leurs expectatives et leurs besoins. <p>Cette recherche propose aussi une réflexion qui peut donner lieu aux connaissances sur les structures d’accueil pour les enfants les plus petits en différents contextes.<p>The research develops, in the first chapter, the theoretical frame and the analysis of certain conceptual aspects that concern the educational systems and the pre-school education, as well as the analysis of information that have allowed the comparison and the evaluation of the educational structures and of the attention to the small infancy in the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Peru and Cuba. <p>These served, partly, as base for the comparative study and evaluative of the educational pre-school structures in Peru. It has put in evidence that there exist different ways of conceiving the organization of the services of attention for the children, in function for example of social, economic and geographical factors, etc. That can "form" differently the services and the educational proposed programs. <p>In the countries of Latin America and of the Caribe, particularly in case of Peru, in agreement to her geographical situation, the educational pre-school services principally center in the urban context, where there is predominance of the "formal" services (public or private). The " not formal " modalities prevail in the rural zones, the zones of border and the zones characterized by high indexes of poverty and of vulnerability.<p>In these countries, the " not formal " education acquired initially a social character, more than educational since she developed to support the parents who work and to compensate the situations of risk of the children, as the poverty or the fact of living in zones urban marginal and rural or of border, which implies the social development and the improvement of the living conditions. In case of Cuba, Peru and Brazil there exists a great number of these structures.<p>In the developed countries, we use strange the educational formal and not formal terms. The latter would correspond for example to the alternative structures of reception of the children in your own domicile, especially for the smallest, with private personnel but that might be controlled by the authorities. The concept of "formal" might be taken also in a more wide sense to qualify initiatives that constitute alternatives to the classic education, which different types of actors associate and which the bows try to reinforce for example between a school and a local community in which it is inserted.<p>The interest for the topic answers to the need to identify and to analyze the characteristics of the educational pre-school structures and the manners of management of the institutions that receive the three-year-old minor children, in order to know the mechanisms that they develop to answer to the educational needs linked to the social, economic, political and cultural development.<p>Later, let's sense beforehand the aims, the methodology and the results on the comparative and evaluative aspects of the first part of the research, realized in the frame of the DEA.<p>Then, in the second chapter, we formulate the problematic of research and the justification, and let's sense beforehand the plan of research as for the aims, the hypotheses, the variables, the methodology, the sample, the process, the technologies and the instruments of compilation of the information.<p>We develop then, in the third chapter, the methodological aspects, as for the level and the type of research, description of the population and of the sample, the presentation of the methods, the technologies and the instruments for the compilation of information, the modalities for the organization, the treatment and the analysis of the information.<p>Finally, in the fourth chapter, let's sense beforehand the information, the analysis and the discussion of the results, as well as the general conclusions.<p>Our work can reach to the research that concerns this group of age, because it can constitute a systematizing of the organization and of the functioning of the structures of attention for the smallest children and can be a motivation to continue other studies on the topic of the pre-school education, linked to other aspects of the management, to the methodologies of education, to the analysis of the programs, to the formation of the teachers, etc. and in other contexts.<p>It puts in evidence the need of the actions of different sectors and the coordination articulated and integrated between the different sectors to assure the children an integral development (the education and the development of all your potentials, the care of the nutrition and of the health).<p>We can obtain of this research certain conclusions that include a conceptual frame for the comparison and the evaluation of the educational pre-school structures for the three-year-old minor children, indicating the factors and criteria that it suits to bear in mind for similar studies.<p>In the matter, from the research the reflection has arisen on the criteria to evaluate the coherence, the quality and the equity in the structures of attention to the small children, but there has been demonstrated also that it is not possible to fix the same indicators or standards to general level, these must be fixed according to the perspective of every concrete reality, with the participation of the actors, considering the cultural characteristics and of the context, your expectations and your needs.<p>This research proposes also a reflection that can give place to knowledge on the structures of attention for the smallest children in different contexts. / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Kwok Man Ki. / Accompanying CD-ROM entitled: DRAGON program 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-203). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendices also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vi / List of tables --- p.xi / List of figures --- p.xviii / Presentations --- p.xix / Chapter Chapter one: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Hong Kong preschoolers' nutritional health situation --- p.1 / Chapter (I) --- Breastfeeding & complementary feeding practices --- p.1 / Chapter (II) --- "Diet, mealtime and physical activity patterns" --- p.3 / Chapter (III) --- Weight status --- p.6 / Health risk factors accumulated up to preschool age --- p.8 / Childhood Obesity Prevention: School-based intervention --- p.12 / Chapter (I) --- Primary obesity prevention and health promoting schools --- p.12 / Chapter (II) --- Feasibility of health promotion initiatives in Hong Kong kindergartens --- p.14 / Chapter (III) --- Nutrition and physical activity intervention studies --- p.18 / Chapter (IV) --- Hong Kong kindergarten health initiative: DRAGON Program --- p.23 / Aim and scope of the DRAGON Program --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter two: --- Methodology --- p.30 / Kindergarten recruitment --- p.30 / Formative preparatory stage --- p.32 / Chapter (I) --- Teaching kit development --- p.32 / Chapter (II) --- Teaching kit pretesting --- p.33 / Chapter (III) --- Parents' focus group --- p.35 / Chapter (IV) --- Questionnaires development --- p.35 / Chapter (V) --- Ethics approval --- p.37 / Subject recruitment --- p.37 / Pre-intervention stage --- p.37 / Chapter (I) --- Anthropometric measurements --- p.37 / Chapter (II) --- Parental questionnaires --- p.38 / DRAGON Program implementation --- p.38 / Chapter (I) --- Preschoolers' health curriculum --- p.38 / Chapter (II) --- Pre-intervention data management and analysis --- p.39 / Chapter (III) --- Booster activities planning and implementation --- p.40 / Chapter (IV) --- Parents' newsletters --- p.42 / Post-intervention stage --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter three: --- Results --- p.46 / Enrollment and response rate --- p.46 / Between schools baseline comparison --- p.50 / Education vs. Control Schools baseline comparison --- p.53 / Chapter (I) --- Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics --- p.53 / Chapter (II) --- Children's dietary patterns --- p.60 / Chapter (III) --- "Regular meals, snack patterns and other mealtime behaviors" --- p.65 / Chapter (IV) --- Usual activity patterns --- p.67 / Chapter (V) --- Parents' health knowledge and preferred communication channels --- p.72 / Chapter (VI) --- Child's height and weight measurements --- p.77 / Chapter (VII) --- Factors associated with children's weight status --- p.79 / Chapter (VIII) --- "Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and children's dietary, mealtime and activity patterns" --- p.81 / Process and outcome evaluations of the Dragon Program --- p.90 / Part a) 1st follow up after finishing all health curriculum --- p.90 / Chapter (I) --- Children's dietary patterns --- p.90 / Chapter (II) --- Mealtime behaviors --- p.95 / Chapter (III) --- Usual activity patterns --- p.99 / Chapter (IV) --- Health curriculum effectiveness evaluation by AM/PM sessions --- p.103 / Part b) 2nd follow up after finishing promotional activities --- p.107 / Chapter (I) --- Children's dietary patterns --- p.108 / Chapter (II) --- Mealtime behaviors --- p.116 / Chapter (III) --- Usual activity patterns --- p.122 / Between subgroups comparisons --- p.131 / Chapter (I) --- First follow up --- p.131 / Chapter (II) --- Second follow up --- p.132 / Parent Focus groups (baseline) --- p.136 / Chapter (I) --- Awareness of local adults' and preschoolers' health status --- p.136 / Chapter (II) --- Children's dietary habits and lifestyle --- p.137 / Chapter (III) --- Factors affecting their children's health behaviors --- p.139 / Parent Focus groups (booster activities) --- p.140 / Teachers´ةquestionnaires --- p.142 / Teachers after class assessment --- p.149 / Teachers´ة focus groups --- p.155 / Principals´ة Interviews --- p.157 / Chapter (I) --- Importance of creating healthy school environment --- p.157 / Chapter (II) --- Students' & teachers´ة performance in first half-year DRAGON Program --- p.158 / Chapter (III) --- Comments on implementing second half-year DRAGON Program --- p.160 / Chapter (IV) --- Recommendations for the development of the Program --- p.161 / Chapter Chapter four: --- Discussion --- p.163 / Implications of the findings --- p.164 / Chapter (I) --- Socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with preschoolers' diet and lifestyle at baseline --- p.164 / Chapter a) --- Association between SES and children´ةs dietary habits --- p.164 / Chapter b) --- Association between SES and children's weight status and their mealtime interactions with parents --- p.166 / Chapter c) --- "Association between children's weight status and their dietary mealtime, and activity patterns" --- p.167 / Chapter (II) --- Local preschool age children´ةs health situation --- p.170 / Chapter (III) --- Program Effectiveness assessment --- p.173 / Chapter a) --- After the implementation of the one-term health curriculum --- p.173 / Chapter b) --- After the implementation of health curriculum and promotional activities --- p.179 / Chapter (IV) --- Program acceptability and feasibility --- p.186 / Limitations --- p.189 / Recommendation for future preschool health program --- p.190 / Chapter Chapter five: --- Conclusion --- p.192 / References --- p.193 / Appendices --- p.204 / Chapter A1 --- School invitation letter with program briefing details (English version) --- p.204 / Chapter A2 --- School invitation letter with program briefing details (Chinese version) --- p.209 / Chapter B1 --- School background information (English version) --- p.213 / Chapter B2 --- School background information (Chinese version) --- p.217 / Chapter C1 --- DRAGON Program Teacher's Guide for nursery grade (Chinese version) --- p.221 / Chapter C2 --- DRAGON Program Teacher's Guide for lower level (Chinese version) --- p.244 / Chapter C3 --- DRAGON Program Teacher's Guide for upper level (Chinese version) --- p.269 / Chapter D1 --- Parents´ة focus group (Jan) (English version) --- p.297 / Chapter D2 --- Parents´ة focus group (Jan) (Chinese version) --- p.301 / Chapter E1 --- Teachers´ة self-administered questionnaires (English version) --- p.305 / Chapter E2 --- Teachers´ة self-administered questionnaires (Chinese version) --- p.324 / Chapter F1a --- Parents´ة self-administered questionnaires [baseline] (English version) --- p.344 / Chapter F1b --- Parents´ة self-administered questionnaires [1st follow up] (English version) --- p.349 / Chapter F1c --- Parents' self-administered questionnaires [2nd follow up] (English version) --- p.354 / Chapter F2a --- Parents´ة self-administered questionnaires [baseline] (Chinese version) --- p.359 / Chapter F2b --- Parents´ة'self-administered questionnaires [1st follow up] (Chinese version) --- p.364 / Chapter F2c --- Parents´ة self-administered questionnaires [2nd follow up] (Chinese version) --- p.369 / Chapter G1 --- Parents´ة consent form (English version) --- p.374 / Chapter G2 --- Parents´ة consent form (Chinese version) --- p.376 / Chapter H1a --- Sample health lesson worksheet for nursery grade (Chinese version) --- p.378 / Chapter H1b --- Sample health lesson worksheet for lower level (Chinese version) --- p.379 / Chapter H1c --- Sample health lesson worksheet for upper level (Chinese version) --- p.380 / Chapter 11 --- Sample parents´ة newsletter (English version) --- p.382 / Chapter 12 --- Sample parents´ة newsletter (Chinese version) --- p.387 / Chapter J1 --- Questions for pretest parents´ة newsletter (Chinese and English version) --- p.392 / Chapter K1 --- Principals´ة interview (English version) --- p.395 / Chapter K2 --- Principals´ة interview (Chinese version) --- p.397 / Table A_1 to A_17 --- p.399 / DiscAl DRAGON Program: teaching materials for health lessons --- p.414 / DiscA2 DRAGON Program: materials for three booster activities --- p.414 / DiscA3 DRAGON Program: health lesson worksheets --- p.414 / DiscA4 DRAGON Program: parents´ة newsletters --- p.414