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The problem is a study of the craftsmen of ancient and medieval civilizations to show the influence of their training on our present day method of trade education. The problem is limited to a study of ancient and medieval craftsmen and their methods of vocational training as they existed from the dawn of recorded history until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The study ends at this point because it is here the apprenticeship system began its decline.

This study identified definitions of adult education appearing in three major adult education journals (Journal of Adult Education, Adult Education Journal, Adult Education) and three handbooks of adult education (1948, 1960, and 1970) over a period of 40 years, 1939 to 1979, and concluded there is no one universally accepted definition of adult education.

Literature within the field of Comparative Education often cautions against the transfer of foreign policies from one context to another. Despite this warning, Ontario’s public education system is said to have been based on an eclectic mix of foreign examples: teacher training institutes replicating Prussian Seminaries, school financing and the role of the chief superintendent and board of education as in the states of Massachusetts and New York, and using the Irish curriculum. This study conceptualises the manner in which these foreign elements became part of the 1846 school law and the reaction of stakeholders in and outside of government. The period covered by this study, 1844 – 1876, corresponds to Egerton Ryerson’s time as Chief Superintendent of education in Ontario. Extensive archival research of incoming and outgoing correspondence from the department of education, district council meeting minutes, newspapers, and local superintendent, inspector and trustee reports revealed contrasting opinions. On the one hand, sources indicated favourable results: increased pupil attendance, number of facilities and money raised to fund schools. There is also evidence that many foreign educationalists not only requested resources from Ontario’s board but aspired to emulate features of the province’s reformed education system in their own nations. This study’s finding of a ‘reverse cross-national attraction’ is a new contribution to Canadian historical studies. However, many resented features of the school bill. Critics called the superintendent and board’s method of organisation ‘Prussian despotism’ in Canadian schools; others argued the injustice of property tax to fund free schools and the cost burden of importing Irish textbooks. An original conceptual framework has been produced to review the manner in which Ryerson defended the new bill and the internalisation of these foreign policies and practices. This framework may serve as an analytical device for those engaged in researching educational policy borrowing.

梁家麟. / 手稿本(copies 2 & 3 複印本). / 論文(歷史學部碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院. / 參考文獻 (leaves 739-792) / Liang Jialin. / Chapter 第一章： --- 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章： --- 廣東傳教教育的發展（上） --- p.13 / Chapter （一） --- 預備期：一八○七－一八四二年　 --- p.18 / Chapter （二） --- 移植期：一八四二－一八六○年 --- p.51 / 註釋 --- p.85 / Chapter 第三章： --- 廣東傳教教育的發展（下） --- p.127 / Chapter （三） --- 擴展期：一八六○－一九○○年 / Chapter （四） --- 成熟期：一九○○－一九一一年　 --- p.210 / 註釋 --- p.287 / Chapter 第四章： --- 傳教教育與教育事業 --- p.359 / Chapter （一） --- 傳教士的傳教方法與教育工作　　 --- p.360 / Chapter （二） --- 傳教士在華的辦學策略 --- p.392 / Chapter （三） --- 教育對傳教事業的影響 --- p.446 / 註釋 --- p.521 / Chapter 第五章： --- 傳教教育與廣東 --- p.570 / Chapter （一） --- 傳教教育與廣東新教育的建立 --- p.570 / Chapter （二） --- 傳教教育與人才的栽培 --- p.623 / Chapter （三） --- 傳教教育與中國民族主義問題 --- p.653 / 註釋 --- p.685 / Chapter 第六章： --- 結論 --- p.716 / Chapter 附錄一： --- 訪問汪長仁教士 --- p.728 / 參考書目 --- p.739

The major purpose of this research study is contrived to determine and evaluate the historical backgrounds of Nigeria and the United States and its implications in the educational policies and systems of the two nations. Both these countries had their humble beginning under the British colonial administration.

The study examined the following questions in relation to federal policy and social practice in education which contributed to the disadvantagement of African-Americans: 1. Did federal policy and social practice in education contribute to the conditions and struggles of the disadvantaged African-Americans? 2. Why did vocational education become a part of public education? 3. Did federal policy and practice play a role in maintaining the conditions of the disadvantaged in vocational education? 4. How was the focus of vocational special needs education achieved leading to the 1963 Vocational Education Act? Societal conditions and federal policies of the late 1800s and early twentieth century, produced adverse conditions which prevented Negroes from obtaining adequate education. During this period, the education system of the early 1900s could not adequately lend itself to the structure and practice of the economic system. This was realized by the leaders and policymakers and they called for the federal government to enter into partnership with the states in making vocational education a part of the public school system. Its manifest objective was to relieve those conditions conducive to poverty, economic stagnation and disadvantagement by training the youth. Because of the interpretation of the federal mandate, the Smith-Hughes Act (P. L. 64-347), by the policymakers, certain segments of the population did not prosper, the majority of whom were these African-Americans. By late 1958, conditions brought about a change in philosophy relative to the concerns of the poor and the disadvantaged and a different emphasis in education began to emerge. The leaders and policymakers realized that it was necessary to focus their attention on the disadvantaged through vocational special needs education. This focus brought about the legislative process which produced the Vocational Education Act of 1963 (P. L. 88-210). / Ed. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aparecida Rodrigues Silva Duarte.pdf: 1668203 bytes, checksum: 2d948160d6ae669cc0e0d259bde4e618 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-06 / This assignment had as the main objective to investigate the dynamic of Mathematic and Mathematic Teaching relationship. Based on methodological presuppositions of Cultural History, the developed research requested the development of a study about the relationship between the dynamics of the academic culture and elementary school in the context of Modern Mathematic Movement (MMM) in Brazil, placed between the 1950 and 1980 decades. For the analysis of this matter, three characters were considered to be representative among the mathematic community from that time in reason of their expressive involvement in the MMM, they were: Omar Catunda, Benedito Castrucci and Luiz Henrique Jacy Monteiro. Thus, we decided to portray their scientific productions and proposals related to mathematics teaching, using didactic books, school document files and personal files, etc., as sources. The MMM was approached from its origins in the international scenario and from its insertion in the national education. This assignment emphasized in its conclusions how the relationship among mathematicians and mathematic teaching changes as time goes by and is established in a determinate historical period, besides that, in these dynamics relationships, academic culture feeds itself from elementary school and viceverse, causing a backward feeding relationship / Este trabalho, de natureza histórica, teve como objetivo central investigar a dinâmica das relações entre Matemática e Educação Matemática. Valendo-nos de pressupostos metodológicos da História Cultural, a pesquisa desenvolvida implicou na realização de um estudo da dinâmica das relações entre cultura acadêmica e cultura escolar no contexto do Movimento da Matemática Moderna (MMM) no Brasil, nas décadas de 1950 a 1980. Para a análise dessa questão, tomamos os matemáticos Omar Catunda, Benedito Castrucci e Luiz Henrique Jacy Monteiro como personagens representativas da comunidade matemática daquela época, quando tiveram expressivo envolvimento com o MMM. Procuramos, então, retratar suas produções científicas e propostas para o ensino da matemática, utilizando como fontes livros didáticos, documentos de arquivos escolares e de arquivos pessoais, etc. O MMM foi abordado a partir de suas origens no cenário internacional e da sua inserção na educação nacional. O trabalho, em suas conclusões, enfatizou como as relações entre matemáticos e o ensino de matemática transformam-se ao longo do tempo e estão estabelecidas num determinado período histórico, além disso, na dinâmica dessas relações, a cultura acadêmica nutre-se da cultura escolar e esta, do mesmo modo, também se nutre da cultura acadêmica, acarretando uma relação de retro alimentação