This educational biography is a study of Alexander Campbell's (1788-1866) educational activities and educational thinking. These activities included the following: his creation of Buffalo Seminary; advocacy for common schools at the Virginia State Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830; participation in the Western Literary Institute and College of Professional Teachers of Cincinnati, Ohio (an organization for educators); speeches on education and common schools; founding Bethany College in present-day Bethany, West Virginia; and his discussion of educational issues in his journal, the Millennial Harbinger. The study explores how Campbell's unique early-life affected his future educational life. His early-life included intensive study under his highly educated father, home-training in Christian piety, and studying for a time at the University of Glasgow. The study focuses especially upon Campbell's involvement in the College of Teachers, his founding of Bethany College, and his major educational ideas. Some of Campbell's major educational emphases include: the need for public education; human knowledge as a national resource; moral education; lifelong learning; female education; student interest; a broad and holistic conception of education; a focus on early childhood education; utilitarian education; and the power of education. This study concludes that the overarching theme of education as power pervades Campbell's educational thinking.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5102.pdf: 6325510 bytes, checksum: 1de596a723b293d4acf12a904876a743 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-06 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This paper studies the historic trajectory of the especial education in the state of Roraima, North of Brazil. It has a Its main objective to understand the processes involves in the formation of this area and investigates the first initiatives on the implementation of the educational services aimed at the people that were considered deficient on learning at the network of public schools in the decade of 1970, until the structuring of a set of schools and assistance services directed at special educations, established within the managing institutions of the state of Roraima until 2001. It describes the historic routes of the actions and policies of the special education in Roraima and its articulation with the national policies in that area. It concerns the research wich was basically built on the dialetic-historic materialism, adopting as its central axis the perspective once introduced by e Edward Palmer Thompson upon a historic analyses that takes by reference the experience of real men and women that, with their living ways, resistances and practiced actions, in several cases apparently passive, build a flow of situations filled with progress, regresses, conflicts and contradictions: I. E., a story seen from the bottom . In this study, the so called a view from the bottom is made up with the catch of the teachers, technicians and family voices involved in the education of the people presenting such deficiencies in Roraima, where those specializes services, regular school spaces count with the direct or indirect presence of the teachers and other specialized professionals. This paper also adopts the voices of these people, among their interviews and reports, as well as among documents daily produced by them, thus originated from institutional activities as a result of such research where we have found the three following development periods: from the beginning of 1970 up until 1983 the moment of the first arisal of the actions taken on the field of the education for these special people; from 1984 up until 1990, in wich such services were officially recognized and fragmented within the special deficiency areas; and from 1991 to 2001, in wich the federal territory became the state of Roraima, and the existence of specific specialized spaces that generated oscillations on the identification of the constitution of the entities wich, sometimes are identified as school space instead of therapeutically spaces. The regional difference, in contrast with other brazilian states, in the fact that all the services are public (governmental, without the presence of any charity or philanthropic entities. This study comes then to the conclusion that it was the geographic isolation and the borderline that made this region, in its late occupation process, be assumed as a national security area, under supervision of the brazilian army in this special case, the air force-, what also turned such area into a field of enforcement of the federal; government's prioritary polices and proposal as a similar attitude of the assumed polices for the educational reforms implemented by the military regime of Brazil from then until today. This situation is yet to be considered even more concrete due to the economical dependency Roraima has from the federal resources whose liberation is conditioned to the implementation of the projects on the preconized ways established by the federal government. It is possible to verify this activity as a natural movement to the pertinent activities of the public services, wich should be maintained and enlarged on their achievement measures and results. / Este estudo analisa a trajetória histórica da Educação Especial em Roraima. Objetiva compreender os processos envolvidos na constituição da área e investiga das primeiras iniciativas de implantação de serviços educacionais destinados às pessoas com deficiência na rede pública de ensino na década de 1970, até a estruturação de um conjunto de escolas e serviços de atendimento especializado em Educação Especial, que se estabelecem no interior dos órgãos gestores da Educação do Estado de Roraima até 2001. Descreve o percurso histórico das ações e políticas da Educação Especial em Roraima e sua articulação com as políticas nacionais da área. Trata-se de pesquisa fundamentada nos pressupostos do materialismo histórico-dialético adotando como eixo central a perspectiva apresentada por Edward Palmer Thompson de uma análise histórica que tome por referência a experiência dos sujeitos, homens e mulheres reais que, com suas vivências, resistências e ações práticas, em muitos casos aparentemente passivas, constroem um fluxo entremeado por avanços, retrocessos, conflitos e contradições: uma história vista de baixo . Neste estudo, o olhar de baixo constituiu-se em acompanhar a voz dos professores, técnicos e familiares envolvidos na educação de pessoas com deficiência em Roraima, seja em serviços especializados, seja nos espaços de ensino regular que contaram com a presença direta ou indireta de professores e demais profissionais especialistas. Adota como voz dessas pessoas, tanto seus relatos em entrevistas, quanto documentos por eles produzidos no cotidiano das atividades institucionais. Como resultado de pesquisa encontramos três períodos de desenvolvimento a saber: do início dos anos 1970 a 1983 momento das primeiras iniciativas de constituição de ações no campo da educação de pessoas com deficiência; de 1984 a 1990 em que se institucionalizam serviços e os fragmentam por áreas de deficiência; e de 1991 a 2001 em que a transformação do Território Federal em Estado de Roraima e a existência de espaços especializados específicos gera oscilações na constituição identitária das instituições que por vezes se identificam como espaço escolar em outros como espaço terapêutico. O diferencial regional, em contraste com outros estados brasileiros é o fato de todos os serviços serem públicos, sem a presença de entidades de natureza beneficente ou filantrópica. O estudo conclui que o isolamento geográfico e a posição fronteiriça que fez com que esta região, em seu processo de ocupação tardia, fosse assumida como área de segurança nacional, sob a tutela das forças armadas, no caso a aeronáutica, fez da região campo de aplicação das políticas e propostas prioritárias do governo federal a exemplo das políticas assumidas como prioritárias na reforma educacional implantada pelo regime militar. Tal situação torna-se ainda mais concreta a partir da dependência econômica que o Estado tem dos recursos federais, cuja liberação fica condicionada à implantação dos projetos na forma preconizada pelo governo federal. Verifica-se ainda que quando transposta para uma região tão distante da capital federal e com peculiaridades tão expressivas, as políticas inicialmente tidas como paternalistas e controladoras assumem um caráter de direito conquistado, naturalizado como atividade própria do âmbito das atividades pertinentes ao serviço público, a serem mantidas e ampliadas em seu alcance e resultados.

Orientador: Carmen Lúcia Soares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T20:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dalben_Andre_D.pdf: 69401915 bytes, checksum: c1622c6f46b17e83bd4234ee6a6b295b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: As colônias de férias escolares tiveram como maior suporte teórico antigos conhecimentos advindos da medicina que priorizavam uma vida ao ar livre, distante dos centros urbanos, para a recuperação e o fortalecimento corporal. Ao oferecerem uma substanciosa alimentação e práticas corporais realizadas junto à natureza às crianças de classes populares no decorrer das férias escolares, tiveram por objetivo principal, inicialmente prevenir o contágio de doenças, sobretudo a tuberculose, que debilitavam a saúde de muitos moradores de grandes cidades. Por meio de congressos, as colônias de férias foram divulgadas entre a comunidade científica internacional a partir de 1882, sendo frequentemente recomendadas como uma inovadora medida de assistência infantil que diversos países poderiam adotar para proteger a saúde de suas crianças. Ao tomar como fontes principais os anais dos Congressos Internacionais de Higiene e Demografia, dos Congressos Pan-Americanos da Criança e, ainda, revistas especializadas em saúde, educação e educação física, muitas publicadas por instâncias administrativas oficiais, a pesquisa centralizou-se em investigar as principais políticas de implementação de colônias de férias para as crianças de quatro dos maiores centros urbanos sul-americanos das primeiras décadas do século XX: Buenos Aires, Montevidéu, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. O recorte temporal foi definido de 1882, quando as colônias de férias começaram a ser debatidas no cenário internacional, até meados da década de 1950, momento no qual os primeiros medicamentos alopáticos para o tratamento da tuberculose passaram a ser empregados de modo mais efetivo no controle da doença, alterando as políticas de saúde pública de muitos países, que deixariam de adotar os recursos da vida ao ar livre para preservar a saúde de suas populações, e destituindo as colônias de férias do seu principal objetivo médico. A pesquisa procurou expandir os estudos realizados pela História da Educação e pela História da Educação Física, uma vez que as colônias de férias apresentam-se na atualidade como um objeto de estudos ainda pouco explorado pela ciência sul-americana, mas que, no entanto, nos narram processos históricos bastante inovadores ao se estabelecerem como uma instituição concomitantemente próxima e distinta da escola, onde foram gestadas e aplicadas novas práticas e modelos pedagógicos e onde conteúdos antes excluídos das pedagogias mais tradicionais encontraram a oportunidade de serem incorporados enquanto possibilidade educativa. Ao adotar a história cultural como principal referencial teórico para a análise das fontes, foram priorizadas as transformações das mentalidades e sensibilidades que deslocaram a vida ao ar livre de seus preceitos médicos para concebê-la como uma educação do corpo passível de ser sistematizada e institucionalizada pelas colônias de férias. Durante o período abordado pela pesquisa, foi possível concluir que as colônias de férias não se limitaram tão somente a uma medida de saúde pública, uma vez que organizaram em seu interior uma série de procedimentos que transformariam definitivamente as férias escolares em uma aventura do corpo que possibilitava que muitos desejos infantis se tornassem realidade e que demarcava novas possibilidades educativas voltadas especialmente à crianças que não tinham, até então, seus direitos à saúde, à educação e ao brincar integralmente respeitados / Abstract: The summer camps (vacation colonies) had the most theoretical support in ancient knowledge derived from the medicine which prioritized the outdoor life, far from the urban centers, for recovery and strengthening the body. By offering healthy food and bodily practices performed within the nature for the children of the working classes during their vacation, the summer camps had initially as their main objective the prevention of the spread of diseases, especially tuberculosis, which contagiated many residents of large cities. The summer camps were published in the international scientific community since 1882 through conferences and were often recommended as an innovative measure of children care that many countries could adopt to protect their children's health. Taking as the main sources for the research the annals of International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, the Pan American Child Congress and also magazines specialized in health, education and physical education, many of them published by official departments, the propose of this research is to investigate the policies to implement the summer camps for children in the four largest urban centers of South America at the first decades of the twentieth century: Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The time bias is defined from 1882, when the summer camps began to be debated in the international arena, until the mid-1950s, when the first allopathic medice to treat the tuberculosis began to be used more effectively to control the disease, changing the public health policy in many countries, which would not take the resources to maintain the outdoor life to preserve the health of their populations, and unseating the summer camps of their major medical goal. The research sought to expand the studies conducted by the History of Education and the History of Physical Education, since the summer camps are object of study unexplored by the South American science, even though they narrate the innovative hitorical perspective when they are established as an institution concurrently next and distinct from school, creating and implementing new practices and educational models and pedagical contents, when more traditional pedagogies previously excluded found the opportunity to be incorporated as an educational opportunity. Adopting the cultural history as the theoretical framework for the analysis of the sources this research focus on the changing of the mentalities and sensibilities that shifted the outdoor life from the medical precepts to conceive it as an education body capable of being systematized and institutionalized by the summer camps. During the period covered by the survey, it concludes that the summer camps were not limited only as a public health measure, once they staged a series of educational procedures that would definitely transform the school holidays in an adventure of the body that allowed many children's wishes come true and that marked new educational opportunities geared especially to children who had not hitherto their rights to health , education and play fully respected / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

In 1839 the English Parliament first disbursed funds for the formal education of teachers. Between 1839 and the McNair Report in 1944 the institutional shape and the intellectual resources upon which teacher training rested changed profoundly. The centre of teacher training moved from theologically-based colleges to university departments of education; the primary source for understanding education shifted from theology to psychology. These changes altered the ways in which educators contemplated the nature of the child, the role of the teacher and the aim of education itself. This thesis probes such shifts within a variety of elite educational resources, but its major sources of material are ten training colleges of diverse types: Anglican, Nonconformist, Roman Catholic, and University. The period covered by this thesis is divided into three broad blocks of time. During the first period (1839-1885) formal training occurred in religious colleges, and educators relied upon Biblical narratives to understand education. This first period also saw the birth of modern psychology, whose tools educators often deployed within a religious framework. The second period (1886-1920) witnessed the growth of university-based training colleges which were secular in nature and whose status surpassed that of the religious colleges. During this period, teacher training emphasized intellectual attainment over spiritual development. During the third period (1920-1944), teachers were taught to view education from the standpoint of psychological health. The teacher's goal was the well-developed personality of each child, and academic content served primarily not to impart knowledge but rather to inform the child's own creative drives. This educational project was construed in scientific and anti-metaphysical terms. The replacement of a theological and metaphysical discourse by a psychological one amounts to a secular turn. However, this occurred neither mechanically nor inevitably. Colleges and theorists often seem to have been unaware of the implications of their emphases. This thesis contemplates explanatory models other than the secularisation thesis and raises important historical questions about institutional identity and the processes of secularisation.

The problem with which this study is concerned is the development of a plan to reform the structure of the current system of Iranian higher education, both quantitatively and qualitatively. These goals have been set by the Charter of Educational Revolution and coincide with the Development Plans of the nation which have aimed to bring about a fundamental change in society. Educational history of Iran since ancient times is discussed, with special emphasis on higher education, and the religio-cultural influences in shaping the organization of educational institutions and curricula are overviewed. The nation developed one of the world's oldest scholastic centers of higher learning, Gondi-Shapur Academy, whose international faculty contributed significantly to the advancement of knowledge. Iranian culture was exposed to Islam following the Arab invasion; and Islamic doctrine, which has been opposed to secular education, has dominated the educational philosophy of the country. Western education came to Iran through military institutions and religious institutions. Modern schools increased during the last decades of the nineteenth century; however, their progressive development can be traced only from the reign of Reza Shah, beginning in 1925. The first modern university of Iran was established forty years ago. The provincial universities and other institutions of higher learning came into existence in following years. After adopting the Charter of Educational Revolution in 1968, Iran experienced a rapid expansion of its institutions of higher learning. The percentage of total student enrollment in these institutions has never exceeded 0.37 per cent of the population, however, because the institutions could not expand rapidly enough to accommodate the students who applied for admission. Graduate education is also in the primary stages of development, currently comprising 2.4 per cent of the college students of the nation. To cope with these shortcomings, the study has come to the following conclusions: 1. The system of higher education in Iran should develop qualified graduate schools to educate highly advanced professionals and scholars to fill the positions which the nation, until the present time, has had to award to personnel who have received their education abroad.