O objetivo da pesquisa é verificar os limites e possibilidades de uma política de fundos no financiamento da Educação Básica incidir positivamente na redução das desigualdades territoriais existentes na federação brasileira. O ponto de início é o caráter assimétrico da federação brasileira e a encruzilhada em que o país se encontra diante do enfraquecimento das bases do pacto federativo. Considera-se que o elo mais fraco da corrente federal é o município, justamente o ente mais sobrecarregado com responsabilidades educacionais. Depois de quinze anos de implementação de uma política de fundos (Fundef e Fundeb) tornou-se necessário verificar os seus efeitos na diminuição das desigualdades territoriais. Para testar a validade de políticas redistributivas reguladas pela União e com maior aporte de recursos, foi escolhido como variável o Município Brasileiro. Esta escolha se deve pelo peso relevante que este ente federado possui na prestação de serviços educacionais em nosso país, pela sobrecarga de responsabilidades que lhe foi transferida no processo de municipalização implementado nas últimas décadas e por expressarem, no seu conjunto e na sua diversidade, as assimetrias existentes na federação brasileira. Foi escolhido como pressuposto básico para uma nova política de financiamento a implantação de um padrão mínimo de qualidade e construída uma matriz baseada no conceito de Custo Aluno-Qualidade Inicial. Tanto as atualizações de pesquisas desenvolvidas por Marta Arretche quanto o resultado de quatro simulações de novos formatos para a política de financiamento da educação básica comprovaram que a possibilidade de políticas reguladas pela União reduzirem de forma significativa as desigualdades territoriais depende da dimensão do aporte financeiro do governo federal para o financiamento da educação básica. Ou seja, não é possível implantar um padrão mínimo de qualidade sem que a participação da União cresça de forma consistente. / The research objective is to test the limits and possibilities of policy funds in the financing of Basic Education have positive impact on the reduction of territorial inequalities existing in the Brazilian federation. The starting point is the asymmetrical Brazilian federation and the crossroads at which the country finds itself in the face of weakening the foundations of the federal pact. Its considered that the weakest link in the chain of the federal council is the county, just the being more overloaded with educational responsibilities. After fifteen years of policy implementation funds (Fundef and Fundeb) it became necessary to check its effect on reduction of territorial inequalities. To test the validity of redistributive policies regulated by the Union and with larger financial resources, was chosen as the variable the Brazilian county. This choice is due to the significant weight that this federal entity has in the provision of educational services in our country, the burden of responsibility that has been transferred in the county process implemented in recent decades and because they express, as a whole and in its diversity, the asymmetries in the Brazilian federation. It was chosen as a basic premise for a new policy of funding the implementation of a minimum standard of quality and a matrix was constructed based on the concept of Initial Student-Quality Cost. Both research updates developed by Marta Arretche as the result of four simulations of new formats for the policy of basic education funding have proven that the possibility of policies regulated by the Union significantly reduce territorial inequalities depends on the size of the financial contribution of the government federal funding of basic education. In other words, you cannot deploy a minimum standard of quality without consistent a grow of the participation of the Union.

Based on the position that perceptions about roles and functions within organizations affect the operational goals of those organizations, this study vas conducted to determine differences in perceptions among educational personnel in large Texas school districts as to the operation of purchasing departments. The data generated by the present study support the conclusions stated below: 1. All employee groups questioned feel that there is a significant discrepancy between current and ideal practices in purchasing departments. 2. Any tendency to protect the status quo appears to be limited to those involved with the purchasing system in its design and operation. 3. Being more closely associated with classroom operations causes a greater discrepancy in how purchasing department practices are viewed. 4. Secondary Teachers were either more intensely in favor of change or more willing to express opinions. 5. There exists the tendency to lose rapport with teachers the more removed one is from the classroom. 6. Communications gaps exist between purchasing departments and those in classroom operations.

Since the implementation of the 2012 fee and funding regime in England, that notably increased the maximum undergraduate tuition fees to £9000, the focus of policymakers and those in the higher education sector has been on student participation rates. Thus, to date little is known about the extent to which the 2012 fee and funding changes have affected students’ higher education decision-making. The purpose of this research was to explore students’ study mode, subject and institution choices under the 2012 fee regime, with the aim of contributing new knowledge in this area. To this end, a comprehensive approach to mixed methods was used to generate quantitative and qualitative data on students’ decision-making (Hesse-Biber, 2010a). Two methods were used to generate the data, which were questionnaires completed by 550 students and follow-up interviews with a sub-sample of 30 students. The students, aged 17 to 21, were from six schools and colleges across Greater London and in the final year of their level 3 qualifications (NQF/QCF). The timing of the fieldwork was pivotal to the research and generated data at a specific moment in students’ decisionmaking, after they had submitted a UCAS application (January 2013) and prior to the publication of their level three qualifications (August 2013), which has provided new knowledge of students’ responses to the increased costs of higher education. Informed by Hodkinson and colleagues’ theory of pragmatically rational decision-making (Hodkinson, Sparkes and Hodkinson, 1996), this research provides evidence that the 2012 fee and funding regime has altered and constrained students’ higher education choices. In terms of students’ study mode choices, despite policymakers expectations of increased diversification, the traditional mode of three years of full-time study towards a bachelor degree qualification in a face-to-face teaching and learning environment remains as highly, if not more highly, favoured, with some students avoiding four year courses (typically sandwich courses) to minimise costs. Over half of the students in this research reconsidered and altered their subject choices to those they perceived as improving their graduate employability. This decision was taken by students to ensure that the costs of participating in higher education were beneficial to their future career. The increased costs of higher education has also caused students to live at home whilst studying to reduce their debt and expenses, which was a decision disproportionately made by black and minority ethnic students from all social classes. The findings from this research provide new insights into students’ decision-making that contrast with prior literature, particularly in relation to trends by social class (Bates, Pollard, Usher and Oakley, 2009; Callender and Jackson, 2008; Reay, David and Ball, 2005; Usher, Baldwin, Munro, Pollard and Sumption, 2010). The research argues that the 2012 fee and funding ‘reforms’ have been counterproductive; as opposed to putting financial power into the hands of learners” (BIS, 2010, p.5), the ‘reforms’ have disempowered students by limiting their choices to those that are perceived as affordable.

The purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental study was to indicate a better understanding of factors that motivate faculty at a 4-year public institution of higher education to pursue external funding. The study is focused on examining the relationship between characteristics of individual faculty members, productivity related to external funding, and faculty perception of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors related to pursuing external funding. External funding is a major source of support for research at institutions of higher education. For universities to increase external funding for research along with increasing research productivity, it is essential that university faculty members are motivated to engage in research and seeking funding to support it (Chval & Nossaman, 2014). In order to provide adequate support universities need a clearer understanding of factors that may contribute to faculty’s motivation to pursue external funding. This study was conducted at a 4-year public university in the Southeastern region of the United States. One hundred sixty-seven full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty participated in the study using the web-based anonymous Motivating Factors to Pursuing External Funding Faculty Survey developed by the researcher. The quantitative data were analyzed using a series of single sample t-test, independent t-test, and chi-squared test. This study revealed that the gender and tenure status of full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty at the participating institution does not significantly affect their productivity as it relates to grant submissions or awards. The findings also indicated that the full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty perceive autonomy and self-actualization as significant intrinsic positive motivators and financial rewards as a significant extrinsic positive motivator to pursuing external funding. Additionally, the study found that the full-time tenure-track and tenured faculty did not perceive institutional support services as an extrinsic motivator to pursuing external funding.

Esta pesquisa aborda aspectos importantes para os estudos sobre a relação entre os custos educacionais e a qualidade da educação. O objetivo é oferecer subsídios para uma reflexão sobre os custos de uma educação infantil com condições de qualidade. Discutem-se as relações existentes entre o custoaluno- ano em duas instituições de educação infantil (uma escola de educação infantil comunitária conveniada com a Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre e outra instituição de educação infantil particular) e as condições de qualidade encontradas nas mesmas. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2005 e baseouse, em termos teórico-metodologicos, na pesquisa denominada “Levantamento do custo-aluno-ano em escolas da educação básica que oferecem condições para a oferta de um ensino de qualidade” organizada pelo INEP. Embasada nas estimativas de custo-aluno-ano obtidas na pesquisa, a autora apresenta uma análise das condições de qualidade encontradas, levando em consideração os critérios, dimensões e indicadores estabelecidos na própria pesquisa para avaliar a qualidade e aspectos específicos do ordenamento legal relativo a esta etapa da Educação Básica no município de Porto Alegre. A dissertação, em seus quatro capítulos, aborda também aspectos do surgimento e construção do conceito de infância na modernidade e do processo de institucionalização da infância, principalmente no Brasil e problematizações sobre o conceito de qualidade na educação. / This research approached some aspects that are important to studies on the relationship between educational costs and education quality. The aim of this dissertation was to offer subsides for a reflection on the costs of a high quality children education. The author discussed the relationships between yearstudent- cost in two institutions of children education (one school was associated to Porto Alegre City Hall, and the other was a private institution) and conditions of quality found there. This research was carried out in 2005. It was both theoretically and methodologically based upon the research ‘Survey of yearstudent- cost in schools of elementary education that provide conditions to offer qualified teaching’, organized by INEP. Based on estimates of year-student-cost obtained through the research, the author presented an analysis of quality conditions, considering criteria, dimensions and indicators established in the research to assess the quality and specific aspects of the legal order related to this stage of the elementary education in Porto Alegre. In order to provide grounds for the research, the four chapters of the dissertation have also approached aspects of both the appearance and the construction of the concept of childhood in modernity, the process of institutionalization of childhood, mainly in Brazil, and problematizations about the concept of quality in education.

111 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-07T17:57:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao _Ubirajara Lima.pdf: 465324 bytes, checksum: 904787ef3c0e3a67de27cc037bc26b6c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-11T16:57:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao _Ubirajara Lima.pdf: 465324 bytes, checksum: 904787ef3c0e3a67de27cc037bc26b6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-11T16:57:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao _Ubirajara Lima.pdf: 465324 bytes, checksum: 904787ef3c0e3a67de27cc037bc26b6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / No Brasil, a relação entre Estado e sociedade tem sido mediada por uma cultura política marcada pelo autoritarismo, patrimonialismo, clientelismo e o favor. O processo de luta pela democratização, na década de 1980 e que tem como marco formal a Constituição Federal de 1988, fez emergir elementos de uma nova cultura política adjetivada como democrática – orientada pelos valores da autonomia, igualdade, solidariedade e justiça – que passa a coexistir com a velha cultura. Nesse contexto de universalização dos direitos sociais, entre eles, o direito à educação, são formuladas as legislações que criaram e regulamentaram o FUNDEF, restrito a manter e desenvolver o ensino fundamental, e o FUNDEB, ampliado a toda educação básica, ancoradas no princípio da gestão democrática e que instituem também os Conselhos de Acompanhamento e Controle Social (CACS), responsáveis pela fiscalização da repartição, da transferência e da aplicação dos recursos do fundo público. O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar as práticas de participação presentes no CACS-FUNDEB e sua relação com a cultura política local, partindo do pressuposto de que essas práticas institucionalizam a inclusão da sociedade civil na esfera pública e permite visibilizar o confronto entre as duas formas de cultura política: tradicional e democrática. / Salvador

Esta pesquisa aborda aspectos importantes para os estudos sobre a relação entre os custos educacionais e a qualidade da educação. O objetivo é oferecer subsídios para uma reflexão sobre os custos de uma educação infantil com condições de qualidade. Discutem-se as relações existentes entre o custoaluno- ano em duas instituições de educação infantil (uma escola de educação infantil comunitária conveniada com a Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre e outra instituição de educação infantil particular) e as condições de qualidade encontradas nas mesmas. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2005 e baseouse, em termos teórico-metodologicos, na pesquisa denominada “Levantamento do custo-aluno-ano em escolas da educação básica que oferecem condições para a oferta de um ensino de qualidade” organizada pelo INEP. Embasada nas estimativas de custo-aluno-ano obtidas na pesquisa, a autora apresenta uma análise das condições de qualidade encontradas, levando em consideração os critérios, dimensões e indicadores estabelecidos na própria pesquisa para avaliar a qualidade e aspectos específicos do ordenamento legal relativo a esta etapa da Educação Básica no município de Porto Alegre. A dissertação, em seus quatro capítulos, aborda também aspectos do surgimento e construção do conceito de infância na modernidade e do processo de institucionalização da infância, principalmente no Brasil e problematizações sobre o conceito de qualidade na educação. / This research approached some aspects that are important to studies on the relationship between educational costs and education quality. The aim of this dissertation was to offer subsides for a reflection on the costs of a high quality children education. The author discussed the relationships between yearstudent- cost in two institutions of children education (one school was associated to Porto Alegre City Hall, and the other was a private institution) and conditions of quality found there. This research was carried out in 2005. It was both theoretically and methodologically based upon the research ‘Survey of yearstudent- cost in schools of elementary education that provide conditions to offer qualified teaching’, organized by INEP. Based on estimates of year-student-cost obtained through the research, the author presented an analysis of quality conditions, considering criteria, dimensions and indicators established in the research to assess the quality and specific aspects of the legal order related to this stage of the elementary education in Porto Alegre. In order to provide grounds for the research, the four chapters of the dissertation have also approached aspects of both the appearance and the construction of the concept of childhood in modernity, the process of institutionalization of childhood, mainly in Brazil, and problematizations about the concept of quality in education.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of determining the degree to which fiscal disparity in Texas school districts affects debt service, as well as maintenance and operation and local enrichment. This study has four main purposes: to determine whether the poor school districts are exerting more or less effort for debt service, maintenance and operation and total taxation than are the wealthy districts; to determine how the size of Texas school districts is related to district wealth; to determine the number of Texas school districts that do not levy a tax for debt service; and to provide information for persons interested in school finance matters—namely, legislators, educators, students of finance and lay citizens who may or may not be property taxpayers.

O objetivo da pesquisa é verificar os limites e possibilidades de uma política de fundos no financiamento da Educação Básica incidir positivamente na redução das desigualdades territoriais existentes na federação brasileira. O ponto de início é o caráter assimétrico da federação brasileira e a encruzilhada em que o país se encontra diante do enfraquecimento das bases do pacto federativo. Considera-se que o elo mais fraco da corrente federal é o município, justamente o ente mais sobrecarregado com responsabilidades educacionais. Depois de quinze anos de implementação de uma política de fundos (Fundef e Fundeb) tornou-se necessário verificar os seus efeitos na diminuição das desigualdades territoriais. Para testar a validade de políticas redistributivas reguladas pela União e com maior aporte de recursos, foi escolhido como variável o Município Brasileiro. Esta escolha se deve pelo peso relevante que este ente federado possui na prestação de serviços educacionais em nosso país, pela sobrecarga de responsabilidades que lhe foi transferida no processo de municipalização implementado nas últimas décadas e por expressarem, no seu conjunto e na sua diversidade, as assimetrias existentes na federação brasileira. Foi escolhido como pressuposto básico para uma nova política de financiamento a implantação de um padrão mínimo de qualidade e construída uma matriz baseada no conceito de Custo Aluno-Qualidade Inicial. Tanto as atualizações de pesquisas desenvolvidas por Marta Arretche quanto o resultado de quatro simulações de novos formatos para a política de financiamento da educação básica comprovaram que a possibilidade de políticas reguladas pela União reduzirem de forma significativa as desigualdades territoriais depende da dimensão do aporte financeiro do governo federal para o financiamento da educação básica. Ou seja, não é possível implantar um padrão mínimo de qualidade sem que a participação da União cresça de forma consistente. / The research objective is to test the limits and possibilities of policy funds in the financing of Basic Education have positive impact on the reduction of territorial inequalities existing in the Brazilian federation. The starting point is the asymmetrical Brazilian federation and the crossroads at which the country finds itself in the face of weakening the foundations of the federal pact. Its considered that the weakest link in the chain of the federal council is the county, just the being more overloaded with educational responsibilities. After fifteen years of policy implementation funds (Fundef and Fundeb) it became necessary to check its effect on reduction of territorial inequalities. To test the validity of redistributive policies regulated by the Union and with larger financial resources, was chosen as the variable the Brazilian county. This choice is due to the significant weight that this federal entity has in the provision of educational services in our country, the burden of responsibility that has been transferred in the county process implemented in recent decades and because they express, as a whole and in its diversity, the asymmetries in the Brazilian federation. It was chosen as a basic premise for a new policy of funding the implementation of a minimum standard of quality and a matrix was constructed based on the concept of Initial Student-Quality Cost. Both research updates developed by Marta Arretche as the result of four simulations of new formats for the policy of basic education funding have proven that the possibility of policies regulated by the Union significantly reduce territorial inequalities depends on the size of the financial contribution of the government federal funding of basic education. In other words, you cannot deploy a minimum standard of quality without consistent a grow of the participation of the Union.

Esta pesquisa aborda aspectos importantes para os estudos sobre a relação entre os custos educacionais e a qualidade da educação. O objetivo é oferecer subsídios para uma reflexão sobre os custos de uma educação infantil com condições de qualidade. Discutem-se as relações existentes entre o custoaluno- ano em duas instituições de educação infantil (uma escola de educação infantil comunitária conveniada com a Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre e outra instituição de educação infantil particular) e as condições de qualidade encontradas nas mesmas. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2005 e baseouse, em termos teórico-metodologicos, na pesquisa denominada “Levantamento do custo-aluno-ano em escolas da educação básica que oferecem condições para a oferta de um ensino de qualidade” organizada pelo INEP. Embasada nas estimativas de custo-aluno-ano obtidas na pesquisa, a autora apresenta uma análise das condições de qualidade encontradas, levando em consideração os critérios, dimensões e indicadores estabelecidos na própria pesquisa para avaliar a qualidade e aspectos específicos do ordenamento legal relativo a esta etapa da Educação Básica no município de Porto Alegre. A dissertação, em seus quatro capítulos, aborda também aspectos do surgimento e construção do conceito de infância na modernidade e do processo de institucionalização da infância, principalmente no Brasil e problematizações sobre o conceito de qualidade na educação. / This research approached some aspects that are important to studies on the relationship between educational costs and education quality. The aim of this dissertation was to offer subsides for a reflection on the costs of a high quality children education. The author discussed the relationships between yearstudent- cost in two institutions of children education (one school was associated to Porto Alegre City Hall, and the other was a private institution) and conditions of quality found there. This research was carried out in 2005. It was both theoretically and methodologically based upon the research ‘Survey of yearstudent- cost in schools of elementary education that provide conditions to offer qualified teaching’, organized by INEP. Based on estimates of year-student-cost obtained through the research, the author presented an analysis of quality conditions, considering criteria, dimensions and indicators established in the research to assess the quality and specific aspects of the legal order related to this stage of the elementary education in Porto Alegre. In order to provide grounds for the research, the four chapters of the dissertation have also approached aspects of both the appearance and the construction of the concept of childhood in modernity, the process of institutionalization of childhood, mainly in Brazil, and problematizations about the concept of quality in education.