The knowledge about visual impairment (VI) including the use of appropriate mediation strategies are crucial in the learning process of children with visual disabilities. According to the Vigotskyan point of view, the development of cultural functions of thought and action of these children follow the same laws of development observed in children without VI. This exploratory study, inteded to trace the strategies used by regular school teachers in teaching VI children enrolled in primary schools (public and private) in the metropolitan área of Maceió. Data were obtained through systematic observation and checklist designed to map teaching strategies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted aiming to draw the teachers profile and their conceptions about VI. The results show that teachers have limited knowledge about VI, and lack of training to deal with these children. Itwas also noted and absence of strategies involving planning and appung specific materials and resources to work with VI children. The results of this research have the potential to contribute in the develoment of resources that help teachers in their own assessment about the teaching-learning process VI children. / O conhecimento sobre a deficiência visual (DV) e o uso de estratégias mediacionais adequadas são cruciais no processo ensino-aprendizagem de crianças com cegueira ou baixa visão. Do ponto de vista vigotskiano, o desenvolvimento das funções culturais de pensamento e ação destas crianças segue as mesmas leis do desenvolvimento típico das demais. Este estudo, de caráter exploratório, buscou mapear as estratégias utilizadas pelos professores da escola regular no ensino a crianças DV matriculadas em escolas de ensino fundamental, públicas e privadas, da cidade de Maceió e sua região metropolitana. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de observação sistemática, através de um checklist para mapeamento de estratégias docentes; assim como por uma entrevista semiestruturada, cuja finalidade foi traçar o perfil formativo do docente e suas concepções sobre DV. Os resultados apontam pouco conhecimento dos docentes a respeito da DV, falta de capacitação para atuar em sala de aula com crianças deste perfil; e baixa frequência de uso de estratégias que envolvem planejamento e uso de materiais e recursos específicos para o trabalho com crianças DV. Espera-se com os resultados desta pesquisa desenvolver recursos que auxiliem os docentes a avaliarem de forma continuada e específica suas ações no processo ensino-aprendizagem destas crianças DV.

(in English): Work Starting Reader and Information Literacy in the Municipal Library of Prague - library Smíchov and Barrandov aims to describe and compare the work with starting readers and conduct information education starting readers in accordance with the framework educational programs in the older central city of Prague 5-Smíchov and newer housing estate on the outskirts of Prague 5 in Barrandov. Comparator library Smíchov and Barrandov among the branches of the Municipal Library in Prague. From a comparison of these libraries work is based on methodical instructions for working with starting readers, which rely on the conclusions from interviews conducted by teachers and educators catchment primary schools and kindergartens, as well as with parents beginning readers.

This study aims at ascertaining via a cross-country/cross-city comparison why different national contexts characterized by allegedly opposite ideologies concerning the incorporation of immigrants (namely, the British Race Relations/multicultural model and French republicanism) have led to the adoption of similar policy tools in the prevention of forced unions amongst young people of ethnic minority background. In order to do so, the study will examine French republican and British multicultural rhetoric and policies aimed at the prevention of forced marriage at different institutional levels, with a focus on the preventive role played by the educational sector and within a historical institutionalist theoretical framework. The comparison begins with a consideration of French and British national rhetoric and policies against forced marriage from 1997 to 2008 to develop an adequate framework for the analysis of the preventive role attributed to educational policies in four major localities (the capital cities, Paris and London, and the second two largest cities per population size, Lyon and Birmingham). Despite differences in the policies and rhetoric adopted by multicultural Britain and republican France to tackle forced unions, the study hypothesizes a common trend in the ways French and British public authorities conceptualize the practice of forced marriage - intended mainly as the product of cultural difference. Similarities in the conceptualization of the practice, in turn, have contributed to the identification of similar policy tools despite dissimilar institutional contexts. Such a hypothesis contrasts with one of the key claims of historical institutionalism, according to which dissimilar institutions lead to different policy outcomes across different countries. The study will introduce the role of ideas – in the form of frames (Bleich 2003) – as a tool to explain the reasons why French and British policies aimed at the prevention of forced unions have led to similar policy outcomes despite dissimilar institutional contexts.

This thesis addresses the “foreign talent” situation in Singapore with an ethnographic account of the lived experiences of immigrant PRC students on scholarships, or “PRC scholars.” For some two decades, the Singapore government has annually recruited middle school students from China in their hundreds, selecting them through tests and interviews, granting them full scholarships at either pre-undergraduate or undergraduate level, and, very often, “bonding” them to work subsequently in Singapore for a number of years. Wooed and appropriated in such a way as prized potential human capital, PRC scholars exemplify the Singapore state’s desire for “foreign talent.” In the first decade of the twenty-first century, as the influx of all manners of “foreign talent” into the small city-state gathered pace, local sentiments and discourses of resentment arose. The local-vs-“foreign talent” problem became a serious strain on a city and people proud of their cosmopolitanism. This thesis analyzes the “foreign talent” situation through the ethnographic “macro-trope” of desire. It argues that “foreign talent” is a site of convergence and divergence, collusion and collision, accommodation and contestation, fulfillment and failure of various individual, sociocultural, and political desires and longings. Through the lens of desire, and its psychoanalytic undertones and insights, this thesis looks ethnographically into the PRC scholars’ “foreign talent” journeys in nuanced ways. Based on ethnographic fieldworks carried out in a Chinese middle school and a Singaporean university, the thesis shows how Chinese students are constituted as specific subjects of desire, and how they subsequently develop certain perceptions, attitudes, and stereotypes about the local “other” as well as about themselves after arriving in Singapore as “foreign talent.” Infused with multifarious desires, the PRC scholars’ experiences are often characterized by angst and dissatisfaction; yet it is also argued that generative subjective transformations take place precisely amidst these dynamics and pragmatics of desiring. Ultimately, this thesis seeks to make possible an ethical re-imagination of the “foreign talent” situation in Singapore from the perspective of desire; to provide an account of the so far little-studied Chinese migrant students in the context of Singapore; and to speak more broadly to the cultural and subjective dimensions of human experiences in the context of educational mobility, identity politics, and globalization.

This diploma thesis deals with the subject of advertisement and its effect on children consumer behavior. Contrary to adults children are not able to differentiate between the reality and fiction, in this case to differentiate if they really need or just want promoted product. The theoretical part brings information about the marketing communication channels, effects on consumers, basis of consumers purchase decision making processes, which factors influence consumers behavior and how the advertisement is perceived by particular children age groups. It informs also about specific aspects of advertisements focused on children and about actual trends in children consumer behavior. The target of this work is to find out how TV advertisement influences children consumer behavior in context of amount of children in family, in dependence on how much time parents spend with their children, which way they are raised, etc. Research of these facts is subject of practical part of this thesis

Disputats, Linköpings universitet, 2008. / Findes også på internet (PDF-format): http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_liu_diva-10489-1__fulltext.pdf. På cd-rom: Supplerende materiale i PDF-format. Med litteraturhenvisninger.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-106).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-106). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ed. S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Psychology, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-50).

This thesis offers an account of children's lived experiences in Rwanda (1930s-2016) in four key domains: kinship, education, economic transitions, and marriage. Based on historical and ethnographic fieldwork in rural and urban Rwanda from 2012 to 2014, this work explores how three generations of young people have experienced and navigated childhood and coming of age at the interface of 'traditional' and 'modern' institutional systems. Rather than focusing narrowly on 'crisis' childhoods, individual agency, or exogenous forces, as studies of young Africans and social change tend to, this work examines young people's 'everyday' actions - intentional and unintentional, individual and collective, compliant and non-compliant - and locates them within their broader historical, relational, and institutional environment. By focusing on the intensely reproductive period of childhood and coming of age, on Rwanda's unexceptional majority rather than its exceptionally vulnerable minority, and on children's everyday actions rather than the strategic actions of elites, this thesis shows us how children shape the institutions of childhood and marriage and, in so doing, influence how society is reproduced and changed. Theoretically, this thesis explains how children and their institutional environment are mutually constituting: it examines how and why young people experience rapid change and structural violence differently and it traces how they reproduce and change these structural conditions as they engage with institutional mechanisms in (un)intended ways. The research reveals that children in central Rwanda navigate constraints and opportunities by drawing on established kinship relationships and institutions while also opportunistically engaging with modern institutions and their actors. However, in this context of 'institutional multiplicity', traditional and modern institutional systems each need Rwanda's young majority to reproduce their institutions over others', and as intended, to achieve their power-distributional goals. This makes children's actions particularly consequential and demands that we redefine what political action - and political actors - look like.