No description available.

No description available.

Yes / This commentary considers changes to education in UK mental health nursing.

The purpose of this study was to plan the provision of education for the Griquas in South Africa within the context of the educational rights of minority groups. Its main focus was on how to make the education system in South Africa more responsive to the histories, heritages, life experiences and cultural conditioning of the Griquas as a minority group in all its policymaking, programme planning and instructional practices. International trends have shown that the rights of minority groups have been described in different treaties and conventions of international organisations such as the United Nations (UN), the European Community (EC) and the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). These rights focused on two main issues, namely the right to own identity and the right not to be discriminated against. In order to implement the above acknowledged rights (which include the educational rights) of minority groups, several countries have implemented specific measures in their respective education systems, thereby serving the particular religious and/or cultural needs of minority groups in their countries. In nation-states across the world a situation has developed that, while the world is experiencing globalisation of, for example, trade and communication, the area of control and power is being questioned by groups on a regional level. It is primarily minority groups, defined by their ethnic or cultural distinctiveness, in the relevant nation states, that are seeking to obtain more direct control over their own affairs. Experience has furthermore shown that national unity is not endangered by the recognition of the rights of minority groups but is promoted if the rights of minorities are recognised in a country. In the educational arena it has become clear that the focus of education should be to equip each learner with the required knowledge, skills and attitudes to effectively fulfil his/her different roles in life. With regard to the issue of the relationship between the minority group and the educational institution, the trend has been to focus on specific educational institutions in order to provide in the minority groups' educational needs. The characteristics and culture of a particular educational institution should be acceptable to the minority group to ensure that the particular minority group takes ownership of it. In the light of the above information the educational needs of the Griquas, as a case study, were determined by using the focus group discussion as a technique according to the qualitative research method. The results ofthe focus groups were then compared with the findings of the literature study. In order to make the necessary adjustments, the method of strategic educational planning was used in order to provide in the educational needs of the Griquas. The following trends emerged, amongst others: universal primary education, a diversified high school curriculum with emphasis on science, technology and agriculture, local control of education by the Griquas and special arrangements and/or alternatives for schooling. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001

The purpose of this study was to plan the provision of education for the Griquas in South Africa within the context of the educational rights of minority groups. Its main focus was on how to make the education system in South Africa more responsive to the histories, heritages, life experiences and cultural conditioning of the Griquas as a minority group in all its policymaking, programme planning and instructional practices. International trends have shown that the rights of minority groups have been described in different treaties and conventions of international organisations such as the United Nations (UN), the European Community (EC) and the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). These rights focused on two main issues, namely the right to own identity and the right not to be discriminated against. In order to implement the above acknowledged rights (which include the educational rights) of minority groups, several countries have implemented specific measures in their respective education systems, thereby serving the particular religious and/or cultural needs of minority groups in their countries. In nation-states across the world a situation has developed that, while the world is experiencing globalisation of, for example, trade and communication, the area of control and power is being questioned by groups on a regional level. It is primarily minority groups, defined by their ethnic or cultural distinctiveness, in the relevant nation states, that are seeking to obtain more direct control over their own affairs. Experience has furthermore shown that national unity is not endangered by the recognition of the rights of minority groups but is promoted if the rights of minorities are recognised in a country. In the educational arena it has become clear that the focus of education should be to equip each learner with the required knowledge, skills and attitudes to effectively fulfil his/her different roles in life. With regard to the issue of the relationship between the minority group and the educational institution, the trend has been to focus on specific educational institutions in order to provide in the minority groups' educational needs. The characteristics and culture of a particular educational institution should be acceptable to the minority group to ensure that the particular minority group takes ownership of it. In the light of the above information the educational needs of the Griquas, as a case study, were determined by using the focus group discussion as a technique according to the qualitative research method. The results ofthe focus groups were then compared with the findings of the literature study. In order to make the necessary adjustments, the method of strategic educational planning was used in order to provide in the educational needs of the Griquas. The following trends emerged, amongst others: universal primary education, a diversified high school curriculum with emphasis on science, technology and agriculture, local control of education by the Griquas and special arrangements and/or alternatives for schooling. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001

This study is an analysis of administrative governance in South Africa post 1994, aiming at investigating the effects the change of administrative governance from decentralisation to recentralization had on service delivery and provision of education at provincial, regional and circuit levels of Mpumalanga Department of Education. This study adopted a qualitative research approach in gathering and analysing data. For data collection, interviews, documentary analysis, literature review were used. During the period 1994-1999, there were many administrative and governance problems that were experienced at district and circuit, levels of education provision. These problems included, lack of resources, poor communication, poor coordination and lack of support and this led to the abolition of districts, introduction of regions and restructuring of circuits. Research findings have revealed that there has been an improvement of service delivery and education provision since the introduction of regions. Regions have been given more administrative and governance powers by the Head Office than it was during the district era. Regions have devolved and delegated certain powers to circuits and this has improved the administration in many circuits. However, there are also challenges that have been brought by this arrangement such as lack of office space for regional personnel, racial discrimination, insubordination and lack of support by some of the members of Regional Management Team, poor communication, lack of physical resources at circuits and schools and work overload on the part of circuit managers. As a result of these challenges administration at circuit and regional levels still needs to be re-aligned in order to ensure efficiency and delivery of services in education within the province. This recommends that among others Mpumalanga Department of Education should improve the circuit’s structure by introducing extra personnel to offload circuit mangers with many responsibilities. Circuits without circuit offices should be supplied with their own buildings. Communication between the four-tiers of education administration should be revisited and more resources should be provided for circuits. Curriculum implementers should be based at the circuits in order to be abreast with the reality of education provision on the ground. However Schools were not targeted for by this study, therefore further investigation at school levels in terms of the effects of the shift from decentralisation to recentralisation have to be undertaken. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Est analysée la politique de transport scolaire en milieu rural du Rio Grande do Sul, avec l'objectif de discuter la configuration de compétences gouvernementales et des relations intergouvernementaux dans l'offre et dans le financement. La recherche qualitative, s'inscrit dans l'abordage méthodologique d'analyse de politique publique, avec des éléments de l'analyse plus cognitive et séquentielle, en incluant la formulation et la mise en oeuvre de la politique et de l'étude de cas dans trois petites villes gauchas. Présente la politique du transport scolaire dans le pays et cherche comprendre comme la politique du transport scolaire a été constituée à Rio Grande do Sul, ce lequel il envisage: leurs origines, quand le transport scolaire se rend un problème public et arrive à l'agenda gouvernemental de l'état; quels ont été les principaux acteurs; que solutions ont été proposées jusqu'à la formulation du Programme de l'état d'assistance au transport scolaire (Peate); que des référentiels se sont imposés dans la constitution de cette politique; et comme ce a été sa mise en oeuvre. Est passé à travers la thèse le débat sur le format de la fédération brésilienne, les compétences gouvernementales et les relations, pas toujours solidaires, entre les êtres fédérés dans l'offre et dans le financement du transport scolaire; de façon similaire, la discussion sur la conception d'éducation en milieu rural, de la nucléation et de la fermeture des écoles en milieu rural a été point crucial pour la compréhension de la problématique du transport scolaire. L'étude de cas dans les trois villes il a permis de vérifier la limitée capacité financière et la grande dépendance de ressources de l'Union et de l'État que, en général, l'être municipal a pour offrir à l'éducation et au transport scolaire. L'étude de cas dans les trois villes il a permis de vérifier la limitée capacité financière et la grande dépendance de ressources de l'Union et de l'État que, en général, l'être municipal a pour offrir à l'éducation et au transport scolaire. Finalement, la thèse présente l'odyssée du transport scolaire à Rio Grande do Sul, en démontrant vigueurs et fragilités des relations entre l'État et les villes. Le transport scolaire des élèves du filet de l'état, réalisé par les villes, gagne du statut de problème public dans le Gouvernement d'Olívio Dutra, quand est fait le premier terme d'accord à être affermi entre l'État et les villes (1999) vue de ressources pour le transport, en continuant les conflits et les négociations dans tous les gouvernements, minimisés un peu dans la formulation du Peate, en 2008, dans le Gouvernement de Yeda Crusius, mais en resurgissant dans le Gouvernement de Tarso Genro. La question récurrente, dans la période, est ce de la couverture des coûts du transport scolaire de la part du gouvernement de l'état, dont le déficit ouvre de l'espace pour négociations concernant les critères de distribution des ressources de l'état. La défense du Famurs est point fort dans ce débat, suivant récemment par Undime/RS. La politics gaucha a influencé fortement la policy du transport scolaire, qui vient en suivant un chemin d’incessant signification. / É analisada a política de transporte escolar rural do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de discutir a configuração de competências governamentais e das relações intergovernamentais na oferta e no financiamento. A investigação, de cunho qualitativo, inscreve-se na abordagem metodológica de análise de política pública, com elementos da análise cognitiva e sequencial, abrangendo a formulação e a implementação da política e estudo de caso em três pequenos municípios gaúchos. Apresenta a política do transporte escolar no país e busca compreender como tal política foi sendo constituída no Rio Grande do Sul, o que contempla: suas origens, quando o transporte escolar se torna um problema público e chega à agenda governamental estadual; quais foram os principais atores; que soluções foram propostas até a formulação do Programa Estadual de Apoio ao Transporte Escolar (Peate); que referenciais se impuseram na constituição dessa política; e como tem sido a sua implementação. Permeou a tese o debate sobre o formato da federação brasileira, as competências governamentais e as relações, nem sempre solidárias, entre os entes federados na oferta e no financiamento do transporte escolar; do mesmo modo, a discussão sobre a concepção de educação do campo, da nucleação e do fechamento das escolas do meio rural foi ponto crucial para a compreensão da problemática do transporte escolar. O estudo de caso nos três municípios permitiu comprovar a limitada capacidade financeira e a grande dependência de recursos da União e do estado que, em geral, o ente municipal tem para ofertar à educação e ao transporte escolar. Por fim, a tese apresenta a ‘odisseia’ do transporte escolar no Rio Grande do Sul, demonstrando vigores e fragilidades das relações entre o estado e os municípios. O transporte escolar dos alunos da rede estadual, realizado pelos municípios, ganha status de problema público no governo de Olívio Dutra, quando é feito o primeiro termo de convênio a ser firmado entre o estado e os municípios (1999) para repasse de recursos para o transporte, continuando os conflitos e as negociações em todos os governos, minimizados um pouco na formulação do Peate, em 2008, no governo de Yeda Crusius, mas ressurgindo no governo de Tarso Genro. A questão recorrente, no período, é a da cobertura dos custos do transporte escolar por parte do governo estadual, cujo déficit abre espaço para negociações acerca dos critérios de distribuição dos recursos estaduais. O protagonismo da Famurs é ponto forte nesse debate, seguido recentemente pela Undime/RS. A politics gaúcha influenciou fortemente a policy do transporte escolar, que vem seguindo um caminho de constante ressignificação. / It is analyzed the politics of rural school transportation in Rio Grande do Sul, with the purpose of discussing the configuration of governmental competencies and the intergovernmental relations in the provision and funding. The investigation, a qualitative one, is part of the methodological approach of the analysis of public policy, with elements of cognitive and sequential analysis, including the formulation and implementation of policy and case study of three small cities in the state. Presents the policy of school transportation in Brazil and aims to understand how such policy was constituted in Rio Grande do Sul, which comprises: its origins, when school transportation becomes a public problem and comes to the state government agenda; which were the main actors; which solutions were proposed to the formulation of the State Program of Support for School Transportation (Peate); which references were imposed in the constitution of the policy; and how its implementation has been. Permeating the thesis was the debate about the format of Brazilian federation, the governmental competencies and the relations, not always sympathetic, among federal entities in the provision and funding of school transportation; likewise, the discussion over the notion of countryside education, nucleation and the closing of schools in rural communities was a crucial point to understand the issue of school transportation. The case study in those three cities allowed to prove the limited financial capacity and heavy reliance on federal and state funds that, in general, the municipal entity has to offer to the education and the school transportation. Finally, the thesis presents the ‘Odyssey’ of school transport in Rio Grande do Sul, demonstrating strengths and weaknesses of the relationship between the state and the cities. The school transportation of pupils from the state system, conducted by municipalities, gain status of public problem in the government of Olívio Dutra, when is made the first term of agreement to be signed by the state and the municipalities (1999) for transfer of funds to transportation, continuing the conflicts and negotiations in all governments, somewhat minimized in the formulation of Peate, in 2008, during the government of Yeda Crusius, but reappearing in the government of Tarso Genro. The recurring question in the period is the coverage of the costs of school transportation by the state government, whose deficit makes room to negotiations on the criteria for the distribution of state resources. The role of Famurs is a strong point in this debate, recently followed by Undime/RS. The state politics strongly influenced the school transportation policy, which has been following a path of constant resignification.

Est analysée la politique de transport scolaire en milieu rural du Rio Grande do Sul, avec l'objectif de discuter la configuration de compétences gouvernementales et des relations intergouvernementaux dans l'offre et dans le financement. La recherche qualitative, s'inscrit dans l'abordage méthodologique d'analyse de politique publique, avec des éléments de l'analyse plus cognitive et séquentielle, en incluant la formulation et la mise en oeuvre de la politique et de l'étude de cas dans trois petites villes gauchas. Présente la politique du transport scolaire dans le pays et cherche comprendre comme la politique du transport scolaire a été constituée à Rio Grande do Sul, ce lequel il envisage: leurs origines, quand le transport scolaire se rend un problème public et arrive à l'agenda gouvernemental de l'état; quels ont été les principaux acteurs; que solutions ont été proposées jusqu'à la formulation du Programme de l'état d'assistance au transport scolaire (Peate); que des référentiels se sont imposés dans la constitution de cette politique; et comme ce a été sa mise en oeuvre. Est passé à travers la thèse le débat sur le format de la fédération brésilienne, les compétences gouvernementales et les relations, pas toujours solidaires, entre les êtres fédérés dans l'offre et dans le financement du transport scolaire; de façon similaire, la discussion sur la conception d'éducation en milieu rural, de la nucléation et de la fermeture des écoles en milieu rural a été point crucial pour la compréhension de la problématique du transport scolaire. L'étude de cas dans les trois villes il a permis de vérifier la limitée capacité financière et la grande dépendance de ressources de l'Union et de l'État que, en général, l'être municipal a pour offrir à l'éducation et au transport scolaire. L'étude de cas dans les trois villes il a permis de vérifier la limitée capacité financière et la grande dépendance de ressources de l'Union et de l'État que, en général, l'être municipal a pour offrir à l'éducation et au transport scolaire. Finalement, la thèse présente l'odyssée du transport scolaire à Rio Grande do Sul, en démontrant vigueurs et fragilités des relations entre l'État et les villes. Le transport scolaire des élèves du filet de l'état, réalisé par les villes, gagne du statut de problème public dans le Gouvernement d'Olívio Dutra, quand est fait le premier terme d'accord à être affermi entre l'État et les villes (1999) vue de ressources pour le transport, en continuant les conflits et les négociations dans tous les gouvernements, minimisés un peu dans la formulation du Peate, en 2008, dans le Gouvernement de Yeda Crusius, mais en resurgissant dans le Gouvernement de Tarso Genro. La question récurrente, dans la période, est ce de la couverture des coûts du transport scolaire de la part du gouvernement de l'état, dont le déficit ouvre de l'espace pour négociations concernant les critères de distribution des ressources de l'état. La défense du Famurs est point fort dans ce débat, suivant récemment par Undime/RS. La politics gaucha a influencé fortement la policy du transport scolaire, qui vient en suivant un chemin d’incessant signification. / É analisada a política de transporte escolar rural do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de discutir a configuração de competências governamentais e das relações intergovernamentais na oferta e no financiamento. A investigação, de cunho qualitativo, inscreve-se na abordagem metodológica de análise de política pública, com elementos da análise cognitiva e sequencial, abrangendo a formulação e a implementação da política e estudo de caso em três pequenos municípios gaúchos. Apresenta a política do transporte escolar no país e busca compreender como tal política foi sendo constituída no Rio Grande do Sul, o que contempla: suas origens, quando o transporte escolar se torna um problema público e chega à agenda governamental estadual; quais foram os principais atores; que soluções foram propostas até a formulação do Programa Estadual de Apoio ao Transporte Escolar (Peate); que referenciais se impuseram na constituição dessa política; e como tem sido a sua implementação. Permeou a tese o debate sobre o formato da federação brasileira, as competências governamentais e as relações, nem sempre solidárias, entre os entes federados na oferta e no financiamento do transporte escolar; do mesmo modo, a discussão sobre a concepção de educação do campo, da nucleação e do fechamento das escolas do meio rural foi ponto crucial para a compreensão da problemática do transporte escolar. O estudo de caso nos três municípios permitiu comprovar a limitada capacidade financeira e a grande dependência de recursos da União e do estado que, em geral, o ente municipal tem para ofertar à educação e ao transporte escolar. Por fim, a tese apresenta a ‘odisseia’ do transporte escolar no Rio Grande do Sul, demonstrando vigores e fragilidades das relações entre o estado e os municípios. O transporte escolar dos alunos da rede estadual, realizado pelos municípios, ganha status de problema público no governo de Olívio Dutra, quando é feito o primeiro termo de convênio a ser firmado entre o estado e os municípios (1999) para repasse de recursos para o transporte, continuando os conflitos e as negociações em todos os governos, minimizados um pouco na formulação do Peate, em 2008, no governo de Yeda Crusius, mas ressurgindo no governo de Tarso Genro. A questão recorrente, no período, é a da cobertura dos custos do transporte escolar por parte do governo estadual, cujo déficit abre espaço para negociações acerca dos critérios de distribuição dos recursos estaduais. O protagonismo da Famurs é ponto forte nesse debate, seguido recentemente pela Undime/RS. A politics gaúcha influenciou fortemente a policy do transporte escolar, que vem seguindo um caminho de constante ressignificação. / It is analyzed the politics of rural school transportation in Rio Grande do Sul, with the purpose of discussing the configuration of governmental competencies and the intergovernmental relations in the provision and funding. The investigation, a qualitative one, is part of the methodological approach of the analysis of public policy, with elements of cognitive and sequential analysis, including the formulation and implementation of policy and case study of three small cities in the state. Presents the policy of school transportation in Brazil and aims to understand how such policy was constituted in Rio Grande do Sul, which comprises: its origins, when school transportation becomes a public problem and comes to the state government agenda; which were the main actors; which solutions were proposed to the formulation of the State Program of Support for School Transportation (Peate); which references were imposed in the constitution of the policy; and how its implementation has been. Permeating the thesis was the debate about the format of Brazilian federation, the governmental competencies and the relations, not always sympathetic, among federal entities in the provision and funding of school transportation; likewise, the discussion over the notion of countryside education, nucleation and the closing of schools in rural communities was a crucial point to understand the issue of school transportation. The case study in those three cities allowed to prove the limited financial capacity and heavy reliance on federal and state funds that, in general, the municipal entity has to offer to the education and the school transportation. Finally, the thesis presents the ‘Odyssey’ of school transport in Rio Grande do Sul, demonstrating strengths and weaknesses of the relationship between the state and the cities. The school transportation of pupils from the state system, conducted by municipalities, gain status of public problem in the government of Olívio Dutra, when is made the first term of agreement to be signed by the state and the municipalities (1999) for transfer of funds to transportation, continuing the conflicts and negotiations in all governments, somewhat minimized in the formulation of Peate, in 2008, during the government of Yeda Crusius, but reappearing in the government of Tarso Genro. The recurring question in the period is the coverage of the costs of school transportation by the state government, whose deficit makes room to negotiations on the criteria for the distribution of state resources. The role of Famurs is a strong point in this debate, recently followed by Undime/RS. The state politics strongly influenced the school transportation policy, which has been following a path of constant resignification.

Est analysée la politique de transport scolaire en milieu rural du Rio Grande do Sul, avec l'objectif de discuter la configuration de compétences gouvernementales et des relations intergouvernementaux dans l'offre et dans le financement. La recherche qualitative, s'inscrit dans l'abordage méthodologique d'analyse de politique publique, avec des éléments de l'analyse plus cognitive et séquentielle, en incluant la formulation et la mise en oeuvre de la politique et de l'étude de cas dans trois petites villes gauchas. Présente la politique du transport scolaire dans le pays et cherche comprendre comme la politique du transport scolaire a été constituée à Rio Grande do Sul, ce lequel il envisage: leurs origines, quand le transport scolaire se rend un problème public et arrive à l'agenda gouvernemental de l'état; quels ont été les principaux acteurs; que solutions ont été proposées jusqu'à la formulation du Programme de l'état d'assistance au transport scolaire (Peate); que des référentiels se sont imposés dans la constitution de cette politique; et comme ce a été sa mise en oeuvre. Est passé à travers la thèse le débat sur le format de la fédération brésilienne, les compétences gouvernementales et les relations, pas toujours solidaires, entre les êtres fédérés dans l'offre et dans le financement du transport scolaire; de façon similaire, la discussion sur la conception d'éducation en milieu rural, de la nucléation et de la fermeture des écoles en milieu rural a été point crucial pour la compréhension de la problématique du transport scolaire. L'étude de cas dans les trois villes il a permis de vérifier la limitée capacité financière et la grande dépendance de ressources de l'Union et de l'État que, en général, l'être municipal a pour offrir à l'éducation et au transport scolaire. L'étude de cas dans les trois villes il a permis de vérifier la limitée capacité financière et la grande dépendance de ressources de l'Union et de l'État que, en général, l'être municipal a pour offrir à l'éducation et au transport scolaire. Finalement, la thèse présente l'odyssée du transport scolaire à Rio Grande do Sul, en démontrant vigueurs et fragilités des relations entre l'État et les villes. Le transport scolaire des élèves du filet de l'état, réalisé par les villes, gagne du statut de problème public dans le Gouvernement d'Olívio Dutra, quand est fait le premier terme d'accord à être affermi entre l'État et les villes (1999) vue de ressources pour le transport, en continuant les conflits et les négociations dans tous les gouvernements, minimisés un peu dans la formulation du Peate, en 2008, dans le Gouvernement de Yeda Crusius, mais en resurgissant dans le Gouvernement de Tarso Genro. La question récurrente, dans la période, est ce de la couverture des coûts du transport scolaire de la part du gouvernement de l'état, dont le déficit ouvre de l'espace pour négociations concernant les critères de distribution des ressources de l'état. La défense du Famurs est point fort dans ce débat, suivant récemment par Undime/RS. La politics gaucha a influencé fortement la policy du transport scolaire, qui vient en suivant un chemin d’incessant signification. / É analisada a política de transporte escolar rural do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de discutir a configuração de competências governamentais e das relações intergovernamentais na oferta e no financiamento. A investigação, de cunho qualitativo, inscreve-se na abordagem metodológica de análise de política pública, com elementos da análise cognitiva e sequencial, abrangendo a formulação e a implementação da política e estudo de caso em três pequenos municípios gaúchos. Apresenta a política do transporte escolar no país e busca compreender como tal política foi sendo constituída no Rio Grande do Sul, o que contempla: suas origens, quando o transporte escolar se torna um problema público e chega à agenda governamental estadual; quais foram os principais atores; que soluções foram propostas até a formulação do Programa Estadual de Apoio ao Transporte Escolar (Peate); que referenciais se impuseram na constituição dessa política; e como tem sido a sua implementação. Permeou a tese o debate sobre o formato da federação brasileira, as competências governamentais e as relações, nem sempre solidárias, entre os entes federados na oferta e no financiamento do transporte escolar; do mesmo modo, a discussão sobre a concepção de educação do campo, da nucleação e do fechamento das escolas do meio rural foi ponto crucial para a compreensão da problemática do transporte escolar. O estudo de caso nos três municípios permitiu comprovar a limitada capacidade financeira e a grande dependência de recursos da União e do estado que, em geral, o ente municipal tem para ofertar à educação e ao transporte escolar. Por fim, a tese apresenta a ‘odisseia’ do transporte escolar no Rio Grande do Sul, demonstrando vigores e fragilidades das relações entre o estado e os municípios. O transporte escolar dos alunos da rede estadual, realizado pelos municípios, ganha status de problema público no governo de Olívio Dutra, quando é feito o primeiro termo de convênio a ser firmado entre o estado e os municípios (1999) para repasse de recursos para o transporte, continuando os conflitos e as negociações em todos os governos, minimizados um pouco na formulação do Peate, em 2008, no governo de Yeda Crusius, mas ressurgindo no governo de Tarso Genro. A questão recorrente, no período, é a da cobertura dos custos do transporte escolar por parte do governo estadual, cujo déficit abre espaço para negociações acerca dos critérios de distribuição dos recursos estaduais. O protagonismo da Famurs é ponto forte nesse debate, seguido recentemente pela Undime/RS. A politics gaúcha influenciou fortemente a policy do transporte escolar, que vem seguindo um caminho de constante ressignificação. / It is analyzed the politics of rural school transportation in Rio Grande do Sul, with the purpose of discussing the configuration of governmental competencies and the intergovernmental relations in the provision and funding. The investigation, a qualitative one, is part of the methodological approach of the analysis of public policy, with elements of cognitive and sequential analysis, including the formulation and implementation of policy and case study of three small cities in the state. Presents the policy of school transportation in Brazil and aims to understand how such policy was constituted in Rio Grande do Sul, which comprises: its origins, when school transportation becomes a public problem and comes to the state government agenda; which were the main actors; which solutions were proposed to the formulation of the State Program of Support for School Transportation (Peate); which references were imposed in the constitution of the policy; and how its implementation has been. Permeating the thesis was the debate about the format of Brazilian federation, the governmental competencies and the relations, not always sympathetic, among federal entities in the provision and funding of school transportation; likewise, the discussion over the notion of countryside education, nucleation and the closing of schools in rural communities was a crucial point to understand the issue of school transportation. The case study in those three cities allowed to prove the limited financial capacity and heavy reliance on federal and state funds that, in general, the municipal entity has to offer to the education and the school transportation. Finally, the thesis presents the ‘Odyssey’ of school transport in Rio Grande do Sul, demonstrating strengths and weaknesses of the relationship between the state and the cities. The school transportation of pupils from the state system, conducted by municipalities, gain status of public problem in the government of Olívio Dutra, when is made the first term of agreement to be signed by the state and the municipalities (1999) for transfer of funds to transportation, continuing the conflicts and negotiations in all governments, somewhat minimized in the formulation of Peate, in 2008, during the government of Yeda Crusius, but reappearing in the government of Tarso Genro. The recurring question in the period is the coverage of the costs of school transportation by the state government, whose deficit makes room to negotiations on the criteria for the distribution of state resources. The role of Famurs is a strong point in this debate, recently followed by Undime/RS. The state politics strongly influenced the school transportation policy, which has been following a path of constant resignification.

This research report focuses on the origin and development of the Medingen Mission Station, near Ga-Kgapane in the Limpopo Province, and the provision of education at this station since its establishment in 1881. After an account of missionary endeavours in South Africa during the second half of the nineteenth century (with the emphasis on the activities of the Berlin Missionary Society), an explanation is provided of how missionaries became involved in the weal and woes of the Balobedu tribe. This is followed by an indication of how Reverend Fritz Reuter took the initiative to provide basic education to the inhabitants of Ga-Kgapane and how education provision developed at Medingen since then. Reasons are advanced for the prominence Medingen Primary School currently enjoys and the study concludes with the assertion that Medingen Mission Station can be regarded as an important, though not exclusive source of the Balobedu’s present-day identity. / Educational Foundations / M.Ed. (History of Education)