LIMA, Rômulo Messias Diógenes. Desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas morada nova submetidas a indução do estro pelo efeito macho. 2013. 61 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T14:18:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_rmdlima.pdf: 1214970 bytes, checksum: 91de88bef1fe19d8086d5a1018e5fce7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-10T15:17:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_rmdlima.pdf: 1214970 bytes, checksum: 91de88bef1fe19d8086d5a1018e5fce7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T15:17:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_rmdlima.pdf: 1214970 bytes, checksum: 91de88bef1fe19d8086d5a1018e5fce7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the male as the inductive effect of estrous activity in three categories (Nulliparous, Primiparous and Pluriparous) of crossbred ewes (MORADA NOVA X SPRD), and reproductive performance, from data obtained from manifestação estrus; intervalo between the introduction of the male and the onset of estrus; synchronization degree; repetition estrus; pregnancy rate; birth rate; twinning rate and prolificacy index. In two consecutive years were used, 81 animals, 02 male sheep (vasectomised a thug and a breeder) and 79 ewes divided into three categories, Nulliparous (Nul), Primiparous (Pri) and Pluriparous (Plu). During the first year, the females were subjected to the male effect method (EM), and the following year to the traditional method (MT), both with the breeding season of 42 days duration. Significant difference (P <0.05) was noted for the degree of synchronization of the EM with females (25.42%) compared to females with MT (10.17%). Females Nul and Pri subjected to male effect [30% (Nul), 42.10% (Pri)] were more responsive to the degree of synchronization, to the detriment of their counterparts in the traditional method [10% (Nul); 10.52 % (Pri)]. When specified for each category of females was noted superiority in results (P <0.05) within the same method for MT index prolificacy and twinning rate of females Plu (prolificacy: 2.25; twins: 95%) compared to Nul (prolificacy: 1.16; twinning: 15.79%) and Pri (prolificacy: 1.33; twinning: 33.33%). Also in the same method there was a significant difference (P <0.05) for the EM method. However, being greater for females Plu (prolificacy: 2.22; twinning: 88.88%) and Pri (prolificacy: 1.94; twinning: 72.22%) over the Nul (prolificacy: 1.39; twinning: 38.89%). Among the methods, EM Primiparous females (72.22%) were higher (P <0.05) females MT (33.33%) regarding twinning rate. As a conclusion it can be stated that the effect male appears feasible for synchronization of estrus in females up to first order of birth. Besides possibly cause better ovulation rate due to better results for twinning rate and prolificacy index. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a eficiência do efeito macho como método indutivo da atividade estral em três categorias (Nulíparas, Primíparas e Pluríparas) de fêmeas ovinas mestiças (MORADA NOVA X SPRD), e no desempenho reprodutivo, a partir de dados obtidos de manifestação de estro; intervalo entre a introdução do macho e o início do estro; grau de sincronização; repetição de estros; taxa de prenhez; taxa de partos; taxa de gemelaridade e índice de prolificidade. Em dois anos consecutivos foram utilizados, 81 animais, sendo 02 machos ovinos (um rufião vasectomizado e um reprodutor) e 79 ovelhas distribuídas em três categorias, Nulíparas (Nul), Primíparas (Pri) e Pluríparas (Plu). No primeiro ano, as fêmeas foram submetidas ao método efeito macho (EM), e no ano seguinte ao método tradicional (MT), ambos com estação de monta de 42 dias de duração. Diferença significativa (P<0,05) foi notada para o grau de sincronização das fêmeas EM com (25,42%) em relação às fêmeas MT com (10,17%). As fêmeas Nul e Pri submetidas ao efeito macho [30% (Nul); 42,10% (Pri)] foram mais responsivas ao grau de sincronização, em detrimento a suas correspondentes no método tradicional [10% (Nul); 10,52% (Pri)]. Quando especificada por categoria de fêmeas, notou-se superioridade nos resultados (P<0,05) dentro do mesmo método MT para índice de prolificidade e taxa de gemelaridade das fêmeas Plu (prolificidade: 2,25; gemelaridade: 95%) em relação às Nul (prolificidade: 1,16; gemelaridade: 15,79%) e Pri (prolificidade: 1,33; gemelaridade: 33,33%). Também dentro do mesmo método houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) para o método EM. Porém, com superioridade das fêmeas Plu (prolificidade: 2,22; gemelaridade: 88,88%) e Pri (prolificidade: 1,94; gemelaridade: 72,22%) em detrimento as Nul (prolificidade: 1,39; gemelaridade: 38,89%). Entre os métodos, as fêmeas Primíparas EM (72,22%) foram superiores (P<0,05) as fêmeas MT (33,33%) no tocante a taxa de gemelaridade. Como conclusão pode-se afirmar que o efeito macho se apresenta viável para a sincronização do estro em fêmeas de até primeira ordem de parto. Além de possivelmente provocar melhor taxa de ovulação, em decorrência de melhores resultados de taxa de gemelaridade e índice de prolificidade.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a eficiÃncia do efeito macho como mÃtodo indutivo da atividade estral em trÃs categorias (NulÃparas, PrimÃparas e PlurÃparas) de fÃmeas ovinas mestiÃas (MORADA NOVA X SPRD), e no desempenho reprodutivo, a partir de dados obtidos de manifestaÃÃo de estro; intervalo entre a introduÃÃo do macho e o inÃcio do estro; grau de sincronizaÃÃo; repetiÃÃo de estros; taxa de prenhez; taxa de partos; taxa de gemelaridade e Ãndice de prolificidade. Em dois anos consecutivos foram utilizados, 81 animais, sendo 02 machos ovinos (um rufiÃo vasectomizado e um reprodutor) e 79 ovelhas distribuÃdas em trÃs categorias, NulÃparas (Nul), PrimÃparas (Pri) e PlurÃparas (Plu). No primeiro ano, as fÃmeas foram submetidas ao mÃtodo efeito macho (EM), e no ano seguinte ao mÃtodo tradicional (MT), ambos com estaÃÃo de monta de 42 dias de duraÃÃo. DiferenÃa significativa (P<0,05) foi notada para o grau de sincronizaÃÃo das fÃmeas EM com (25,42%) em relaÃÃo Ãs fÃmeas MT com (10,17%). As fÃmeas Nul e Pri submetidas ao efeito macho [30% (Nul); 42,10% (Pri)] foram mais responsivas ao grau de sincronizaÃÃo, em detrimento a suas correspondentes no mÃtodo tradicional [10% (Nul); 10,52% (Pri)]. Quando especificada por categoria de fÃmeas, notou-se superioridade nos resultados (P<0,05) dentro do mesmo mÃtodo MT para Ãndice de prolificidade e taxa de gemelaridade das fÃmeas Plu (prolificidade: 2,25; gemelaridade: 95%) em relaÃÃo Ãs Nul (prolificidade: 1,16; gemelaridade: 15,79%) e Pri (prolificidade: 1,33; gemelaridade: 33,33%). TambÃm dentro do mesmo mÃtodo houve diferenÃa significativa (P<0,05) para o mÃtodo EM. PorÃm, com superioridade das fÃmeas Plu (prolificidade: 2,22; gemelaridade: 88,88%) e Pri (prolificidade: 1,94; gemelaridade: 72,22%) em detrimento as Nul (prolificidade: 1,39; gemelaridade: 38,89%). Entre os mÃtodos, as fÃmeas PrimÃparas EM (72,22%) foram superiores (P<0,05) as fÃmeas MT (33,33%) no tocante a taxa de gemelaridade. Como conclusÃo pode-se afirmar que o efeito macho se apresenta viÃvel para a sincronizaÃÃo do estro em fÃmeas de atà primeira ordem de parto. AlÃm de possivelmente provocar melhor taxa de ovulaÃÃo, em decorrÃncia de melhores resultados de taxa de gemelaridade e Ãndice de prolificidade. / This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the male as the inductive effect of estrous activity in three categories (Nulliparous, Primiparous and Pluriparous) of crossbred ewes (MORADA NOVA X SPRD), and reproductive performance, from data obtained from manifestaÃÃo estrus; intervalo between the introduction of the male and the onset of estrus; synchronization degree; repetition estrus; pregnancy rate; birth rate; twinning rate and prolificacy index. In two consecutive years were used, 81 animals, 02 male sheep (vasectomised a thug and a breeder) and 79 ewes divided into three categories, Nulliparous (Nul), Primiparous (Pri) and Pluriparous (Plu). During the first year, the females were subjected to the male effect method (EM), and the following year to the traditional method (MT), both with the breeding season of 42 days duration. Significant difference (P <0.05) was noted for the degree of synchronization of the EM with females (25.42%) compared to females with MT (10.17%). Females Nul and Pri subjected to male effect [30% (Nul), 42.10% (Pri)] were more responsive to the degree of synchronization, to the detriment of their counterparts in the traditional method [10% (Nul); 10.52 % (Pri)]. When specified for each category of females was noted superiority in results (P <0.05) within the same method for MT index prolificacy and twinning rate of females Plu (prolificacy: 2.25; twins: 95%) compared to Nul (prolificacy: 1.16; twinning: 15.79%) and Pri (prolificacy: 1.33; twinning: 33.33%). Also in the same method there was a significant difference (P <0.05) for the EM method. However, being greater for females Plu (prolificacy: 2.22; twinning: 88.88%) and Pri (prolificacy: 1.94; twinning: 72.22%) over the Nul (prolificacy: 1.39; twinning: 38.89%). Among the methods, EM Primiparous females (72.22%) were higher (P <0.05) females MT (33.33%) regarding twinning rate. As a conclusion it can be stated that the effect male appears feasible for synchronization of estrus in females up to first order of birth. Besides possibly cause better ovulation rate due to better results for twinning rate and prolificacy index.

This thesis represents a comprehensive examination of the phonotactic behaviour (i.e. attraction to sound) of the female Gryllus bimaculatus under laboratory conditions. Chapter 2 is the first study to analyze the effect of substrate texture on walking performance in crickets. Substrate texture is found to play an essential role in the phonotactic responses of G. bimaculatus. Smooth substrate texture has a detrimental effect due to slipping, whereas a rough texture results in optimal walking performance due to the friction with the walking legs. Chapter 3 represents the first detailed lifetime study analysing phonotaxis in crickets. My results demonstrate that the optimal age to test phonotaxis in G. bimaculatus females is from day 7 to 24 after the final moult. I also found that selectiveness was persistent with age. These findings contradict the female choosiness hypothesis. This study is also the first to describe the effect of senescence on phonotaxis in insects, as responsiveness decreases with age. Chapter 4 compares the phonotactic behaviour of female crickets from different laboratory-bred colonies. From six tested cricket lab colonies, I found three groups statistically different from each other. Females raised under laboratory conditions at the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University were most reponsive at a frequency of 4.5 kHz, whereas females bred in Tokushima University in Japan were tuned towards a higher frequency of 5 kHz. These results suggest a degree of artificial allopatric speciation. Comparisons with crickets bred under low-quality conditions in a local pet shop demonstrate a loss of responsiveness, indicating that breeding conditions have a direct effect on phonotactic responsivity. Chapter 5 is the first study to report the presence of phonotaxis in males of G. bimaculatus. Previously it was unknown if G. bimaculatus males were able to perform phonotaxis, given that they were only recognised as endurance signal producers. In the present study, only 20% of the studied males (N=70) performed a weak phonotactic response. This finding has potential ecological implications in terms of male cricket territory establishment, and male-male interactions in the wild, which are discussed. Chapter 6 explores the song pattern recognition of the female G. bimaculatus by changing the duration of either the first, second or third pulse of the chirps. A long first pulse decreased the phonotactic response whereas phonotaxis remained strong when the third pulse was long. Chirps with three pulses of increasing duration of 5, 20 and 50 ms elicited phonotaxis, but the chirps were not attractive when played in reverse order. The data are in agreement with a mechanism in which processing of a sound pulse has an effect on the processing of the subsequent pulse, as outlined in the flow of activity in a delay-line and coincidence-detector circuit.