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The UN, being a non-profit organization, has limited experience in and use of outsourcing criteria developed for commercial enterprises and therefore does not have the criteria to judge its outsourcing decisions. The UN’s experience in outsourcing, for example, is mainly limited to peacekeeping. The objective of the thesis is to translate the private sector’s extensive outsourcing experience into an outsourcing scorecard for the UN from criteria identified in the research. Forty national and international organizations were surveyed: fifteen third party logistics service providers; fifteen private sector manufacturing forms and ten UN peacekeeping missions. The survey was carried out through telephone interviews and written questionnaires. Purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was used to ensure equal representation. A correlational study was adopted as the appropriate research method since there is a requirement to fully analyse all outsourcing trends, associations and relationships between the groups. In the statistical analysis, the Fisher’s Exact test was used to report for all variables for purposes of uniformity. Risks, the establishment of goals and objectives, barriers to outsourcing, the use of experts, benchmarks and the evaluation of a service provider’s performance are indicated as important criteria for developing an outsourcing relationship, as is the establishment of appropriate policies and procedures. The thesis further indicates that service provider selection is influenced by criteria such as operational excellence and reputation, strategic direction and compatibility, financial stability, costs and political considerations. Another criterion indicated as important is peace-building, suitable for humanitarian organizations. It was also ascertained that although the cost of a provider is important, cost should be considered in the light of satisfaction of the criteria outlined earlier as well as on efficiency and effectiveness. These criteria identified by the research form the basis for development of the decision-making scorecard. In the broad based scorecard for the UN, each scorecard theme is expanded to encompass additional requirements for the UN and similar organizations. Therefore, the institutional settings of the organization, risks, goals and objectives are expanded. Provider selection is added to the traditional theme and the evaluation criteria strengthened to include peace-building measures. This effort supplements and ensures completeness of the scorecard for the purpose of the UN. Though the outsourcing scorecard model has not been tested, it is a modification of an existing model and is based on the unique nature of the UN as well as feedback received from questionnaires and interviews. Additionally, the fundamental assumptions and postulates of the existing model have not been altered. The thesis presents the first large-scale survey of outsourcing criteria applicable to the UN and develops the first outsourcing scorecard to guide the UN and similar organizations in identifying services that can be outsourced successfully. The scorecard could provide the UN with a number of benefits, such as maximization of efficiency and savings in costs. Additionally, it provides recommendations on improving the effectiveness and efficiency of UN peacekeeping operations. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Construction Economics / unrestricted

Thesis (M.Sc.)--California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-81).

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of principals from around the world regarding the perceived skill set necessary for success before, during, and after the coronavirus pandemic. While many school facilities closed during the public health crisis, the learning continued. During the pandemic, educational leaders were tasked with creating environments that allowed students to thrive academically, behaviorally, and emotionally from beyond the classroom walls. By identifying the perceived skill set required to lead an effective school building before and then during the pandemic, a greater understanding of the future of education can be ascertained. The study involved interviewing fourteen school leaders from around the world (seven from the United States and seven internationally). The interview questions probed the perceived necessary skills for the functioning of successful school buildings prior to, during, and then after the coronavirus pandemic. The outcome of the study provides opportunities for school leaders and human resource personnel to identify characteristics essential for success in a world changed by the global pandemic. By analyzing the perceptions of necessary skills to lead successful schools during the coronavirus crisis through a comparative approach, a dedication of resources for improving the quality of the leadership within school buildings moving forward can be adapted. / Doctor of Education / The global coronavirus health crisis greatly impacted schools, learning, and leadership. Through a comparative approach, we have an opportunity to learn from each other and make crucial changes moving forward to garner more success. The influence of comparative education on school leadership preparation was identified in the review of literature. American and international school leaders who were impacted by the coronavirus was the specific area the researcher focused on for this study. This qualitative study focused on the perceptions of school leaders on the skills necessary for success before, during, and then after the health crisis. Data was collected through the interviews of fourteen school leaders (seven from the United States and seven from around the world). Through this study, the researcher identified seven findings and four implications. One limitation for this study was the small sample size. A suggestion for future research would be to investigate how important the vision of a school building is to the overall leadership attributes by interviewing the leadership teams and then the teachers they serve to discover if there is alignment by triangulating student assessment data, staff climate surveys, and student climate surveys.

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the enrolled nurse/registered nurse (EN/RN) programme to determine the extent to which the graduates of the programme had acquired knowledge and skills to provide primary health care services to communities using the Stufflebeam CIPP model as a framework. The study determined the extent to which the graduates perceived that their knowledge and skills in provision of primary health care services have been strengthened and the extent to which their supervisors perceived the improvement of the graduates' knowledge and skills in provision of primary health care services in clinical and primary health care settings. The programme used two models for upgrading: one year full-time residential and two year distance education. The study used methodological triangulation for data collection. Data collection tools comprised of self-administered questionnaires to the EN/RN upgrade graduates, structured group interviews to their supervisors from the hospitals and district health teams and the review of the students' examination records from Institute of Health Sciences/University of Botswana (IHS/UB). Data were collected and analyzed from the one year full-time residential graduates who completed the programme from 1995-2000 and from the two year part-time distance education graduates who completed the programme 1996-2000. The findings from the academic records indicated that out of the 1116 enrolled nurses that were admitted into the EN/RN upgrade programme between 1994-2000 nine (0.8%) withdrew from the programme due to ill health or personal reasons before writing the final examinations. This is indicative of a high retention rate in the programme. In the one year full-time residential programme, out of the 695 enrolled nurses were admitted in the programme from 1995-2000 period five (0.7%) withdrew from the programme before writing the final examinations, 690 students sat for the final examination and 640 (92.8%) passed. In the two year part-time distance education programme, out of the 421 enrolled nurses were admitted in the programme from 1996-2000 period four (0.9%) withdrew from the programme before writing the final examinations, 417 students sat for the final examinations and 402 (96.4%) passed. Out of the 1107 students from both the one year full-time residential and the two year part-time distance education programme that sat for the final IHS/UB examinations, 1042 (94.1%) passed. The academic records revealed that the programme was efficient and effective because 1042 (94.1%) out of 1107 students completed the programme in one year and two years as planned because the programme was not repetitive and there were replacement costs. This high pass rate (94.1%) is an indication that the graduates did acquire knowledge and skills for provision of primary health care services. Data analysis from the self-administered questionnaires of the graduates also revealed that the graduates perceived that their knowledge and skills for provision of primary health care services have been strengthened because of the acquisition of the new knowledge in primary health care. This complemented the high academic performance of the graduates that the graduates knowledge and skills to deliver primary health care had been strengthened. Data analysis from the structured group interviews of the supervisors of the graduates further revealed that the supervisors perceived that the knowledge of the graduates in providing primary health care services in the hospitals and the district health teams had improved. The supervisors indicated that the graduates were now providing primary health care services with less supervision in the hospitals and the health districts. / Health Studies / D.Litt et Phil. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the enrolled nurse/registered nurse (EN/RN) programme to determine the extent to which the graduates of the programme had acquired knowledge and skills to provide primary health care services to communities using the Stufflebeam CIPP model as a framework. The study determined the extent to which the graduates perceived that their knowledge and skills in provision of primary health care services have been strengthened and the extent to which their supervisors perceived the improvement of the graduates' knowledge and skills in provision of primary health care services in clinical and primary health care settings. The programme used two models for upgrading: one year full-time residential and two year distance education. The study used methodological triangulation for data collection. Data collection tools comprised of self-administered questionnaires to the EN/RN upgrade graduates, structured group interviews to their supervisors from the hospitals and district health teams and the review of the students' examination records from Institute of Health Sciences/University of Botswana (IHS/UB). Data were collected and analyzed from the one year full-time residential graduates who completed the programme from 1995-2000 and from the two year part-time distance education graduates who completed the programme 1996-2000. The findings from the academic records indicated that out of the 1116 enrolled nurses that were admitted into the EN/RN upgrade programme between 1994-2000 nine (0.8%) withdrew from the programme due to ill health or personal reasons before writing the final examinations. This is indicative of a high retention rate in the programme. In the one year full-time residential programme, out of the 695 enrolled nurses were admitted in the programme from 1995-2000 period five (0.7%) withdrew from the programme before writing the final examinations, 690 students sat for the final examination and 640 (92.8%) passed. In the two year part-time distance education programme, out of the 421 enrolled nurses were admitted in the programme from 1996-2000 period four (0.9%) withdrew from the programme before writing the final examinations, 417 students sat for the final examinations and 402 (96.4%) passed. Out of the 1107 students from both the one year full-time residential and the two year part-time distance education programme that sat for the final IHS/UB examinations, 1042 (94.1%) passed. The academic records revealed that the programme was efficient and effective because 1042 (94.1%) out of 1107 students completed the programme in one year and two years as planned because the programme was not repetitive and there were replacement costs. This high pass rate (94.1%) is an indication that the graduates did acquire knowledge and skills for provision of primary health care services. Data analysis from the self-administered questionnaires of the graduates also revealed that the graduates perceived that their knowledge and skills for provision of primary health care services have been strengthened because of the acquisition of the new knowledge in primary health care. This complemented the high academic performance of the graduates that the graduates knowledge and skills to deliver primary health care had been strengthened. Data analysis from the structured group interviews of the supervisors of the graduates further revealed that the supervisors perceived that the knowledge of the graduates in providing primary health care services in the hospitals and the district health teams had improved. The supervisors indicated that the graduates were now providing primary health care services with less supervision in the hospitals and the health districts. / Health Studies / D.Litt et Phil. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarioJFMF_DISSERT.pdf: 1237604 bytes, checksum: 133d301f889ce67c91bbd146c035e0d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-31 / On the aggravation of social problems and the shortage of resources, the improvement of evaluation methods and control of its application, requiring more efficiency, efficacy, effectiveness and participation in its management, has been growing. As a result, emerges the importance of studying and developing such methodologies. The overall goal of this dissertation is to know what are the difficults to incorporate the point of view of executers and beneficiaries in evaluation process. To do so, has been done a research characterized as qualitative, with a field strategy using the case study of two social projects called Petrobras Child Program, situated in the metropolitan region of Natal, and Content Analysis technique for analyze the data. The conclusions of this work can assist in improving the process of projects evaluation financed by Petrobras, contributing with its social role, besides the possibility of encouraging a greater participation of other society actors, such as beneficiaries, in the evaluation process / Diante do agravamento dos problemas sociais e da escassez de recursos, o aprimoramento dos m?todos de avalia??o e controle da sua aplica??o, exigindo-se mais efici?ncia, efic?cia, efetividade e participa??o na sua gest?o, tem sido crescente. Da? resulta a import?ncia de se estudar e desenvolver tais m?todos. O objetivo geral da presente Disserta??o ? compreender como incorporar a vis?o de executores e benefici?rios no processo avaliativo. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa caracterizada como qualitativa, utilizando como estrat?gia de campo o estudo de caso de dois projetos sociais denominados Programa de Crian?a Petrobras, situados na regi?o metropolitana de Natal, e a an?lise de conte?do como t?cnica anal?tica dos dados. As conclus?es deste trabalho poder?o auxiliar no aperfei?oamento do processo de avalia??o dos projetos financiados pela Petrobras, contribuindo assim com o cumprimento do seu papel social, al?m da possibilidade de estimular uma maior participa??o de outros atores da sociedade, tais como os benefici?rios desses projetos, no processo de avalia??o

Governance is derived from the French word "gouverner", so Good Governance refers to the way to control, steer, rule, and direct the organizations by the individuals who are in charge of the management affairs. The study uses the theory of Alexis de Tocqueville (1956), which emphasizes the importance of the presence of democracy to manage the internal tasks of the organizations, so these NGOs can play a role in fostering democracy in civil society. The study intends to find out the imperatives of good NGOs' governance through linking the daily operational tasks and the applications of democratic principles inside NGOs by using the qualitative research method to collect information and compare the implementation of the imperatives of good NGOs' governance in organizations in Berlin, Cairo, and Prague. Thus, the study presents two normative frameworks; the first one is to conceptualize and operationalize the imperatives of good NGOs' governance through integrating democratic theory with the representation and participation schools, and the second one is to examine the influence of the internal and external factors on the implementation of these imperatives in NGOs. The thesis categorizes the "Good NGOs' Governance Imperatives" into managerial imperatives and democratic imperatives. The managerial...

Rezensiert wird das Werk: Alexis Fritz, Christoph Mandry, Ingo Proft, Joseph Schuster, Hrsg., 2021. Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen: Anthropologische und ethische Herausforderungen der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion. Freiburg i. Br.: Herder. Jahrbuch für Moraltheologie. Band. 5. ISBN 978-3451387647.

Turbomachinery forms the principal prime mover in the energy and aviation industries. Due to its size, improvements to this fleet of machines have the potential of significant impact on global emissions. Due to high gas temperatures in stationary gas turbines and jet engines, areas of flow mixing and cooling are identified to benefit from continued research. Here, sensitive areas are cooled through cold air injection, but with the cost of power to compress the coolant to appropriate pressure. Further, the injection itself reduces output due to mixing losses.A turbine testing facility is center to the study, allowing measurement of cooling impact on a rotating low degree of reaction high pressure axial turbine. General performance, flow details, and cooling performance is quantified by output torque, pneumatic probes, and gas concentration measurement respectively. The methodology of simultaneously investigating the beneficial cooling and the detrimental mixing is aimed at the cavity purge flow, used to purge the wheelspace upstream of the rotor from hot main flow gas.Results show the tradeoff between turbine efficiency and cooling performance, with an efficiency penalty of 1.2 %-points for each percentage point of massflow ratio of purge. The simultaneous cooling effectiveness increase is about 40 %-points, and local impact on flow parameters downstream of the rotor is of the order of 2° altered turning and a Mach number delta of 0.01. It has also been showed that flow bypassing the rotor blading may be beneficial for cooling downstream.The results may be used to design turbines with less cooling. Detrimental effects of the remaining cooling may be minimized with the flow field knowledge. Stage performance is then optimized aerodynamically, mixing losses are reduced, and the cycle output is maximized due to the reduced compression work. The combination may be used to provide a significant benefit to the turbomachinery industry and reduced associated emissions. / Strömningsmaskinen i dess olika variationer bildar den främsta drivmotorn inom kraftproduktion och flygindustrin. En förbättring av denna väldiga maskinpark har potentialen till betydande inverkan på globala utsläpp. Områden som identifierats kunna dra nytta av vidare forskning är ombandningsprocesser och kylning. Dessa områden är inneboende i stationära gasturbiner och jetmotorer på grund av de heta gaser som används. Kylning uppnås genom injektion av kall luft i kritiska områden och försäkrar därmed säker drift. Kylningen kommer dock till en kostnad. På cykelnivå krävs arbete för att komprimera flödet till korrekt tryck. Dessutom medför injektionen i sig förluster som kan härledas till omblandningsprocessen. Syftet med detta arbete är att samtidigt undersöka de fördelaktiga kylegenskaperna som nackdelarna med inblandning för att på så sätt bestämma den uppoffring som måste göras för en viss kylning. Alla förbättringar tros dock inte behöva föregås av en uppoffring. Om påverkan av kylningen på huvudflödet är välförstådd kan designen justeras för att ta hänsyn till denna förändring och minimera inverkan. Denna metodologi riktar sig mot ett särskilt kylflöde, kavitetsrensningsflödet, som har till uppgift att avlägsna het luft från den kavitet som uppkommer uppströms rotorskivan i ett högtrycksturbinsteg. Studien kretsar kring en turbinprovanläggning som möjliggör detaljerade strömningsmätningar i ett roterande turbinsteg under inverkan av kavitetsrensningsflödet. Högtrycksturbinsteget som används för undersökningen är av låg reaktionsgrad. Här kvantifieras generell prestanda genom mätning av vridmomentet på utgående axel. Flödesfältet kvantifieras med pneumatiska sonder, och kylningsprestandan predikteras genom gaskoncentrationsmätningar. Resultaten visar avvägningen och sambandet mellan turbinverkningsgrad och kylning i kavitet samt huvudkanal. Flödet mäts i detalj, och de effekter som kan förväntas uppkomma då ett turbinsteg utsätts för en viss mängd av kylflödet kvantifieras. De kvantitativa resultaten för det undersökta steget visar på en förlust i verkningsgrad på 1.2 procentenheter för varje procentenhet av kavitetsrensningsflödet i termer om massflödesförhållande. Samtidigt ses kyleffektiviteten öka med 40 procentenheter. Den lokala inverkan på flödesfältet nedströms rotorn för det undersökta steget är 2° i flödesvinken och en ändring på 0.01 i Machnummer för varje procentenhet av kylflödet. Dessa ändringar ses i form av ökad omlänkning och reducerad hastighet nära hubben, och vice versa omkring halva spännvidden. Inverkan av aktuell driftpunkt understryks genom arbetet. Det har också visats att ett läckage som kringgår rotorbladen i vissa kan fall ge fördelaktig kylning i områden nedströms. Denna kombinerade kunskap kan användas för design av turbiner med så låg mängd kylning som möjligt samtidigt som säker drift bibehålls. Den negativa inverkan av den återstående kylningen kan minimeras genom kunskapen om hur flödesfältet påverkas. Genom detta optimeras stegverkningsgraden aerodynamiskt, omblandningsförluster minimeras, och cykeleffekten maximeras genom det minskade kompressionsarbetet till följd av de reducerade kylmängderna. Kombinationen kan ge en betydande förbättring för turbinindustrin och minskade utsläpp. / <p>QC 20171129</p>