Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-83).

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 29, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-84).

The majority of daily living tasks necessitate the use of bimanual movements or concurrent cognitive processing, which are often more difficult for elderly adults. With the number of Americans age 65 and older expected to double in the next 25 years, in-depth research and sophisticated technologies are necessary to understand the mechanisms involved in normal neuromuscular aging. The objective of the research is to understand the effects of aging on biological signals for motor control and to develop a methodology to classify aging and stroke populations. The methodological approach investigated the influence on correlated activity (coherence) between electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals into senior age. In support of classifying aging and stroke populations, the methodology selected optimal features from the time, frequency, and information theory domains. Additionally, the use of cepstral analysis was modified toward this application to analyze EEG and EMG signals. The inclusion and optimization of cepstral features significantly improved classification accuracy. Additionally, classification of young and elderly adults using Gaussian Mixture Models with Minimum Classification Error improved overall accuracy values. Contributions from the dissertation include demonstration of the change in correlated activity between EMG and EEG with fine motor simple and complex dual tasks; a quantitative feature library for characterizing the neural control of movement with aging under three task conditions; and a methodology for the selection and classification of features to characterize the neural control of movement. Additionally, the dissertation provides functional insight for the association of features with tasks, aging, and clinical conditions. The results of the work are significant because classification of the neural control of movement with aging is not well established. From these contributions, future potential contributions are: a methodology for physiologists to analyze and interpret data; and a computational tool to provide early detection of neuromuscular disorders.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-143). Also available via World Wide Web.

OBJECTIVES: to verify the occurrence and the effect of transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), existence of association between: tinnitus degrees and hyperacusis degrees, TEOAE suppressive effect and laterality, tinnitus and hyperacusis degrees, and verify the characteristics of normal hearing individuals with complaints of tinnitus and hyperacusis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 25 normal hearing subjects having complaints of tinnitus and hyperacusis, with 16 female and nine male. About tinnitus, the subjects were asked about the location and tinnitus type and they completed the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), used for the classification of tinnitus degrees. A developed hyperacusis questionnaire and the questionnaire on handedness The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventor were completed too. They were tested about the research of Loudness Discomfort Level (degrees of hyperacusis), Acuphenometry and the suppression effect of otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) in the frequencies of 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 KHz. We used descriptive and statistical analysis of the data (Fisher exact test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U and Spearman correlation). RESULTS: The occurrence of TEOAE ranged from 33 to 88%. We observed the presence of TEOAE suppression effect on 63.7% in the right ear and 81.7% in the left ear. There was no association between tinnitus degrees and hyperacusis degrees, and between the TEOAE suppression effect and laterality, degrees of tinnitus and hyperacusis degrees. About tinnitus, the most subjects reported acute pitch, in anamnesis and in Acuphenometry, bilateral location and mild degree. Women had degree of tinnitus statistically superior than men. The sounds considered uncomfortable were the high intensity ones and the reaction to the sounds most often cited were irritation, anxiety and need to depart from the sound. The difficulty in speech understanding at noise was mentioned. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the occurrence of TEOAE in these subjects was lower than that found in normal hearing subjects. A higher percentage of presence of TEOAE suppression effect has been found in both ears. Degrees of tinnitus and hyperacusis degrees were not correlated in normal-hearing individuals with complaints of tinnitus and hyperacusis, and there was no association between the TEOAE suppression effect and laterality and degrees of tinnitus and hyperacusis. The sample presented acute pitch, bilateral location and mild bilateral tinnitus.High intensity sounds were reported as uncomfortable and irritation was the most cited reaction of the sound. / OBJETIVO: verificar a ocorrência e o efeito de supressão das emissões otoacústicas transientes (EOAT), a existência de associação entre: graus de zumbido e de hiperacusia, efeito supressor das EOAT e lateralidade, graus de zumbido e graus de hiperacusia, e analisar as características audiológicas de indivíduos normo-ouvintes com queixas de zumbido e hiperacusia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 25 indivíduos normo-ouvintes, com queixas de zumbido e hiperacusia, sendo 16 do gênero feminino e nove do masculino. Em relação ao zumbido, os indivíduos foram questionados sobre o pitch e localização e preencheram o Tinnitus Handicap Inventory brasileiro (THI), utilizado para avaliar o grau de zumbido. O questionário de hiperacusia e o questionário sobre lateralidade manual The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory também foram preenchidos. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a pesquisa do Loudness Discomfort Level (grau de hiperacusia), a acufenometria e a pesquisa e do efeito de supressão das emissões otoacústicas transientes (EOATs) nas frequências de 1, 1,5, 2, 3 e 4 KHz. Utilizou-se análise descritiva e estatística dos dados (testes exato de Fisher, Kruskal Wallis, U de Man Whitney e correlação de Spearman). RESULTADOS: A ocorrência das EOAT variou de 33 a 88%. Houve 63,7% de presença de efeito de supressão na orelha direita e 81,7% na orelha esquerda. Não ocorreu associação significativa entre os graus de zumbido e os graus de hiperacusia, e entre o efeito supressor das EOAT e lateralidade, graus de zumbido e graus de hiperacusia. Em relação ao zumbido, a maioria dos indivíduos apresentou pitch agudo, tanto na anamnese quanto na acufenometria, localização bilateral e grau leve no THI. As mulheres apresentaram grau de zumbido estatisticamente superior ao dos homens. Os sons considerados desconfortáveis foram os de alta intensidade e as reações aos sons mais citadas foram a irritação, ansiedade e necessidade de afastar-se do som. A dificuldade de compreensão de fala na presença de ruído foi referida pela maioria dos indivíduos.CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a ocorrência de EOAT foi inferior a encontrada em sujeitos normo-ouvintes sem esses sintomas. Obteve-se maior percentual de presença do efeito de supressão das EOATs em ambas as orelhas analisadas. Os graus de zumbido e os graus de hiperacusia não apresentaram correlação em indivíduos normo-ouvintes com queixas de zumbido e hiperacusia, bem como não ocorreu associação entre o efeito de supressão das EOAT e lateralidade, graus de zumbido e de hiperacusia. A amostra estudada apresentou predomínio de zumbido de pitch agudo, localização bilateral e grau leve. Os sons considerados desconfortáveis foram os de alta intensidade e a reação de irritação aos sons foi a mais citada.

Uma ativação do trato olivococlear medial reduz a amplitude das emissões otoacústicas de forma lateralizada, com um predomínio à direita. Pessoas com zumbido teriam uma disfunção do reflexo eferente, mas esses resultados não foram comprovados em todas as pesquisas. Curiosamente, estas pesquisas não valorizam a lateralidade eferente. Comparamos a supressão na orelha direita de pessoas com e sem zumbido e a lateralidade do sistema eferente pela análise da supressão à direita e à esquerda no grupo sem zumbido. Concluímos que há relação entre zumbido e não supressão e que à direita, a supressão é maior / An activation of the medial olivocochlear tract reduces the amplitude of otoacoustic emissions with predominance of the right side. Subjects with tinnitus would have an abnormality of the suppressing reflex, but such results have not been confirmed yet in any study. Curiously, such studies did not value the functional laterality. We compared right ear suppression of people with and without tinnitus, and the suppression on the right and on the left in the group without tinnitus. We concluded that there was a relation between tinnitus and absent suppression of otoacoustic emissions and right ear suppression was more marked.

Uma ativação do trato olivococlear medial reduz a amplitude das emissões otoacústicas de forma lateralizada, com um predomínio à direita. Pessoas com zumbido teriam uma disfunção do reflexo eferente, mas esses resultados não foram comprovados em todas as pesquisas. Curiosamente, estas pesquisas não valorizam a lateralidade eferente. Comparamos a supressão na orelha direita de pessoas com e sem zumbido e a lateralidade do sistema eferente pela análise da supressão à direita e à esquerda no grupo sem zumbido. Concluímos que há relação entre zumbido e não supressão e que à direita, a supressão é maior / An activation of the medial olivocochlear tract reduces the amplitude of otoacoustic emissions with predominance of the right side. Subjects with tinnitus would have an abnormality of the suppressing reflex, but such results have not been confirmed yet in any study. Curiously, such studies did not value the functional laterality. We compared right ear suppression of people with and without tinnitus, and the suppression on the right and on the left in the group without tinnitus. We concluded that there was a relation between tinnitus and absent suppression of otoacoustic emissions and right ear suppression was more marked.