No description available.

No description available.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as principais características de desempenho e qualidade interna e externa dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais brancas submetidas ao fracionamento de cálcio da dieta e diferentes granulometrias de calcário calcítico. Foram utilizadas 270 galinhas ISA-Babcock B-300 N de 40 semanas de idade por quatro períodos de 28 dias cada. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3x3, com o fatores: fracionamento de cálcio (2 g Ca manhã e 2 g Ca tarde, 1 g Ca manhã e 3 g Ca tarde, e 3 g Ca manhã e 1 g Ca tarde) e granulometrias de calcário calcítico (mista, grossa e fina) totalizando 9 tratamentos com 5 repetições de 6 aves cada. As características de desempenho zootécnico não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos com exceção do consumo de ração e de cálcio. O fracionamento de cálcio resultou em maior consumo de ração e cálcio no período da manhã para as aves alimentadas com 3 g de Ca neste período do dia. Para o período da tarde, o maior consumo de ração foi observado em aves alimentadas com 3 g de cálcio em comparação à aves alimentadas com 1 e 2 g de cálcio. Não houve diferença significativa quando avaliou-se o consumo de ração total do dia. O fator granulometria do calcário não influenciou nenhum dos parâmetros estudados com exceção da densidade aparente dos ovos. A utilização de calcário calcítico fino resultou em menor densidade dos ovos em comparação ao calcário calcítico misto ou grosso. Conclui-se que a utilização de calcários com granulometria mista ou grossa beneficia a qualidade da casca dos ovos e que a prática de fracionar o oferecimento de cálcio ao longo do dia não se mostrou vantajosa. No entanto, futuras pesquisas são recomendadas envolvendo o fracionamento de outros nutrientes como fósforo, energia e proteína. / This study was carried out to evaluate the performance and internal and external egg qualities of white commercial laying hens fed diets with different calcium levels and limestone particle sizes. Two hundred seventy ISA-Babcock B-300N hens, 40 weeks of age, were used by four – 28 days period. The experimental design was randomly in a 3x3 factorial arrangement: calcium fractionation (2g Ca morning + 2g Ca afternoon, 1g Ca morning + 3g Ca afternoon, 3g Ca morning + 1g Ca afternoon) and limestone particle size (blended, coarse and fine) with a total of nine treatments with five replicates of six hens each. Performance characteristics were not influenced by the treatments, except feed intake and calcium intake. It was observed higher calcium and feed intake for hens fed 3g Ca in the morning. Also, in the afternoon was verified higher calcium and feed intake for hens fed 3g Ca. There was no effect of the treatments on total daily intake. The limestone particle size improved egg specific gravity when blended or coarse particle size was benefical to eggshell quality. The calcium fractionation did not show be adventageous. However, further researches are indicate to evaluate other nutrients fractionation as phosphorus, energy, and protein.

Orientador: Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni / Coorientador: Edney Pereira da Silva / Banca: Nilce Maria Soares / Banca: Lizandra Amoroso / Resumo: Para se conseguir alcançar a crescente demanda de ovos comercial é necessário entender os fatores responsáveis na produção desse produto. Assim o desempenho produtivo tal como a qualidade dos ovos e as condições fisiológicas da ave são muito relevantes para tal objetivo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar a eficácia do L - pidolato de cálcio®, precursor de dois aminoácidos (prolina e arginina) que estão presentes na constituição da membrana interna do ovo e ossos, sobre o desempenho produtivo e sobre a qualidade de ovos bem como a qualidade óssea de galinhas poedeiras Hy-line W36 no período de 56 a 69 semanas de idade. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Ciências Avícolas (LAVINESP), do departamento de Zootecnia da UNESP- FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal no período de novembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. Foram testados 10 tratamentos compostos de duas dietas e 5 níveis de L - pidolato de cálcio®, resultando assim um esquema fatorial cruzado 2×5, com oito repetições de seis aves cada, totalizando unidades experimentais e um total de 480 aves. Foram utilizados quatro blocos, com duas repetições por bloco, constituídos de faixas de peso. As medidas foram realizadas sobre as mesmas unidades experimentais durante 13 semanas, totalizando 91 dias de ensaio. Não foi possível observar nas medidas avaliadas um nível exato para que se obtenha o melhor resultado em todas elas. No entanto, apresentou efeito das dietas formuladas com grande frequência, durante o período ava... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To achieve a growing demand for commercial eggs, it is necessary to understand the factors of production in the production of the product. Thus, productive performance as a quality of eggs and as physiological conditions of the bird are very relevant to the objective. The L - pidolato calcium®, a precursor of two amino acids (proline and arginine) are present in the constitution of the inner membrane of the egg and bones, on the productive performance and on the quality of eggs as well as a bone quality of laying hens Hy-line W36 in the from 56 to 69 weeks of age. The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Poultry Sciences (LAVINESP), Department of Zootechnics of UNESP-FCAV, Campus of Jaboticabal in the period of November 2016, February 2017. Ten treatments were tested, composed of two diets and five levels of L-pidolate of calcium®, resulting in a 2 × 5 cross factorial scheme, with eight replicates of six birds each, totaling experimental units and a total of 480 birds. Four blocks were used, with two replicates per block, consisting of weight bands. Measurements were performed on the same experimental units for 13 weeks, totaling 91 days of testing. It was not possible to observe the measures evaluated, exist to obtain the best result in all of them. However, the formulated diets were presented with great frequency during the period evaluated. This can be observed in measures of feed intake, bark resistance, Haugh unit, albumen weight, bone mineral content, bone strength, tibiotarsus length, tibiotarsus weight and Seedor index. A 30% reduction in arginine in the diet affected the performance of poultry. This research supports the recommendation of 150 g of L-pidolate of calcium® per ton of feed for improved resistance and egg shell weight. / Mestre

This study aims to elucidate the process and mechanism of sperm penetration through eggs of Penaeus monodon. Sperm penetration of the vitelline envelopes (VEs) of P. monodon eggs were observed with the scanning electron microscope. The characteristics of sperm proteases in the sperm extracts from seminal receptacles of females were analysized. In P. monodon, mating and sperm transfer to the thelycum of female occur soon after maturity moult. Females store the sperm in the seminal receptacles. At spawning, they release stored sperm and eggs simultaneously into the water column. The outermost investment of a newly spawned egg is the VE. Sperm bind to the VE via the tip of their anterior spike. They rapidly undergo the acrosome reaction, which composes of depolymerization of the spike and exocytosis of the acrosome vesicle, pass through the VE and become bound to the egg oolemma. The isolated sperm suspended in artificial seawater were disrupted by sonication on ice. The supernatants after microcentrifuged were collected as sperm extracts. Sperm extracts were analyzed by gelatin SDS-PAGE. Sperm extract from sperm isolated from seminal receptacles of females showed clear bands of protease activity, whereas sperm extract from vas deferens and spermatophore of males did not. This results indicated that sperm of P. monodon do proceed capacitation in the seminal receptacles, and obtain sperm protease activity after capacitation. Using fluorescent peptidyl-MCA as sperm protease substrates, high trypsin-like and aminopeptidase-like activities were observed in sperm extracts. The sperm protease activity was inhibited by trypsin inhibitors aprotinin, p-aminobenzamidine (PAB), soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), N-£\-p-tosyl-L-lysinechloromethyl ketone (TLCK); but was not inhibited by chymotrypsin inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalaninechloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-P). The results indicated that sperm undergo the acrosome reaction and release sperm proteases including trypsin-like protease, which has been implicated in facilitating sperm passage through vitelline envelope. Sperm proteases were highly active in the weak base environment, exhibiting maximum activity at pH 8.0. The protease activities were enhanced by addition of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride in the incubation medium.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

A recent hypothesis for explaining blue-green eggs in birds suggests that they may be a sexually selected signal of female (and thus nestling) quality that males use to make parental investment decisions. Although this hypothesis has found mixed correlational support in a few species, well-controlled experimental support has been lacking in non-cavity-nesting species with vivid blue eggs. In this study, we isolate the influence of egg colour on male behaviour by replacing natural American robin Turdus migratorius clutches with four artificial eggs (all of the same colour) representing extremes in natural colour intensity. After incubation, three unrelated nestlings were fostered into each experimental nest immediately after the normal incubation period and parental behaviour was monitored when nestlings were 3, 6, and 9 days old. For the youngest nestlings, male provisioning rate significantly increased in the dark egg treatment, but the effect of egg colour disappeared at the older nestling stages. This result remains significant when controlling for variation in female behaviour. Male feeding rate at unmanipulated nests was also significantly related to natural egg colour. These results suggest that blue-green egg colour acts as post-mating signal of female quality in at least some cup-nesting species, but does not exclude the possibility that the blue-green pigment also serves other adaptive purposes. / Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2009-05-28 13:21:06.941

No description available.

No description available.

A questionnaire based survey was done to assess the views of fertile individuals, infertile individuals, egg donors and recipients towards gamete donation. The survey showed that fertile individuals were significantly less inclined towards the use of donated eggs in research and treatment, compared to infertile individuals. Acceptability of gamete donation was found to be very high in all groups regardless of their fertility, but the majority of individuals, whether fertile or infertile, were opposed to the use of fetal and cadaveric sources of obtaining eggs. The effect of modifications of the freeze-thaw process was investigated in the mouse model. It was seen that slight modifications of the slow freeze protocol affected survival rates and that ultrarapid freezing achieved better survival rates than slow freezing. Human oocyte cryopreservation was performed using a slow freeze-rapid thaw protocol. In total, 34.4% of oocytes survived cryopreservation and these were randomly allocated for fertilisation by conventional <I>in vitro</I> fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Resulting embryos were spread for chromosomal analysis. ICSI significantly improved the rates of normal fertilisation (43.2% versus 2.7%) compared to IVF (P<0.001). A normal diploid karyotype was achieved by ICSI. These studies show that oocyte donation is acceptable to the majority of both fertile and infertile individuals. Further research is required to improve the methods of oocyte cryopreservation. Once the techniques of cryopreservation have been established, ICSI may successfully be applied to enhance subsequent fertilisation rates.