Research concerning New Taiwanese issue is focused on New Taiwanese students’ family environment, academic achievement, school life adaptability, behavioral development in the past years. Although New Taiwanese adolescents will be an emerging population, there has no research that looks specifically at the identity development during early adolescence. There is considerable literature on school life; however, no of it addresses New Taiwanese psychological development. This study, informed by Erikson’s (1959) model of psychosocial development and Marcia’s (1966) four statuses of identity, compared ego- identity development in New Taiwanese junior high students to local Taiwanese junior high students. The purpose in the present study was to provide an approach to the investigation of identity formation among local Taiwanese and New Taiwanese junior high students. The hypothesis of this study is that there are differences in ego- identity development between local Taiwanese and New Taiwanese junior high students. Variations in identity status will be measured by administering the EOM-EIS- 2 (Adams & Bennion, 1989) and a demographic survey to junior high students from three different schools in Xindian City, Taipei County. The study also utilized the qualitative approach method to provide a sound basis for analyzing respondents’ experience and/ or perspectives by Marcia’s Identity Status Interview (ISI). Identity scores and distributions were examined for 550 (422 local Taiwanese, 128 New Taiwanese) junior high students. Results indicated that the significant difference in Foreclosure Identity between New Taiwanese and local Taiwanese was observed with local Taiwanese scoring higher. Local Taiwanese may therefore be more inclined to adopt their parents’ commitments to religious and political beliefs, occupational preferences, and philosophical lifestyles. Results also indicated that New Taiwanese were founded to be significantly more ideological diffused than their local Taiwanese peers. The environment for New Taiwanese was more constricted and less likely to provide room for the adolescent’s exploration and have not made decision regarding. Additionally, the present study revealed that 52% of the sample (245 participants including 196 local Taiwanese and 49 New Taiwanese junior high students) fell into one of the four discrete identity status categories, with 56% of this group classified as either diffused or foreclosed. Within these two less sophisticated statuses, New Taiwanese less frequently fell into Identity Foreclosed than local Taiwanese but more frequently fell into Identity Diffusion than local Taiwanese. To gain in- depth information of participants’ experience and/ or perspectives, 43 (32 local Taiwanese, 11 New Taiwanese) of the 245 participants were also assessed using Marcia’s Identity Status Interview (ISI). Although this finding highlights the differences ego- identity development during early adolescence among local Taiwanese and New Taiwanese junior high students, most of the identity developmental outcomes were the same between the two groups. / Research concerning New Taiwanese issue is focused on New Taiwanese students’ family environment, academic achievement, school life adaptability, behavioral development in the past years. Although New Taiwanese adolescents will be an emerging population, there has no research that looks specifically at the identity development during early adolescence. There is considerable literature on school life; however, no of it addresses New Taiwanese psychological development. This study, informed by Erikson’s (1959) model of psychosocial development and Marcia’s (1966) four statuses of identity, compared ego- identity development in New Taiwanese junior high students to local Taiwanese junior high students. The purpose in the present study was to provide an approach to the investigation of identity formation among local Taiwanese and New Taiwanese junior high students. The hypothesis of this study is that there are differences in ego- identity development between local Taiwanese and New Taiwanese junior high students. Variations in identity status will be measured by administering the EOM-EIS- 2 (Adams & Bennion, 1989) and a demographic survey to junior high students from three different schools in Xindian City, Taipei County. The study also utilized the qualitative approach method to provide a sound basis for analyzing respondents’ experience and/ or perspectives by Marcia’s Identity Status Interview (ISI). Identity scores and distributions were examined for 550 (422 local Taiwanese, 128 New Taiwanese) junior high students. Results indicated that the significant difference in Foreclosure Identity between New Taiwanese and local Taiwanese was observed with local Taiwanese scoring higher. Local Taiwanese may therefore be more inclined to adopt their parents’ commitments to religious and political beliefs, occupational preferences, and philosophical lifestyles. Results also indicated that New Taiwanese were founded to be significantly more ideological diffused than their local Taiwanese peers. The environment for New Taiwanese was more constricted and less likely to provide room for the adolescent’s exploration and have not made decision regarding. Additionally, the present study revealed that 52% of the sample (245 participants including 196 local Taiwanese and 49 New Taiwanese junior high students) fell into one of the four discrete identity status categories, with 56% of this group classified as either diffused or foreclosed. Within these two less sophisticated statuses, New Taiwanese less frequently fell into Identity Foreclosed than local Taiwanese but more frequently fell into Identity Diffusion than local Taiwanese. To gain in- depth information of participants’ experience and/ or perspectives, 43 (32 local Taiwanese, 11 New Taiwanese) of the 245 participants were also assessed using Marcia’s Identity Status Interview (ISI). Although this finding highlights the differences ego- identity development during early adolescence among local Taiwanese and New Taiwanese junior high students, most of the identity developmental outcomes were the same between the two groups.

<p>Denna uppsats undersöker förhållandet mellan etnisk identitet och egoidentitet hos vuxna individer. Då Sverige är mångkulturellt är detta förhållande ett viktigt forskningsområde att belysa. En kvalitativ undersökning genomfördes med nio intervjupersoner. Dessa lever i den svenska kulturen samt i en utomeuropeisk kultur. Resultatet visade att kulturen upplevdes vara en mycket viktig del av personligheten på så sätt att den etniska identiteten är en sammansvetsad del av intervjupersonernas egoidentitet. Intervjudeltagarna upplevde sig vara en blandning av de erfarna kulturerna. Majoriteten intervjudeltagare hade en fullbordad identitet, men perioder av förvirring och dilemman förekom som ett resultat av deras bikulturella livssituation. Anpassningsproblem och olika begränsningar var bidragande orsaker till dessa perioder. Studien bidrar till fördjupad kunskap om dubbeletniska vuxnas identitets- och personlighetsutveckling.</p> / <p>This essay examines the relationship between ethnic identity and ego identity among adults. Sweden is a multi cultural country and therefore this relationship is important to examine. A qualitative interview study was conducted with nine interviewees, who live in Sweden and originate from a culture outside Europe. The culture was shown to be an important part of the personality, which indicates that that ethnic identity is a part of ego identity. The interviewees experienced themself to be a mix of two cultures. A majority of the interviewees had an achieved identity, but periods of diffusion occured as a result of adaption problems and limitations. The study contributes with advanced knowledge about identity and personality development of adults.</p>

Denna uppsats undersöker förhållandet mellan etnisk identitet och egoidentitet hos vuxna individer. Då Sverige är mångkulturellt är detta förhållande ett viktigt forskningsområde att belysa. En kvalitativ undersökning genomfördes med nio intervjupersoner. Dessa lever i den svenska kulturen samt i en utomeuropeisk kultur. Resultatet visade att kulturen upplevdes vara en mycket viktig del av personligheten på så sätt att den etniska identiteten är en sammansvetsad del av intervjupersonernas egoidentitet. Intervjudeltagarna upplevde sig vara en blandning av de erfarna kulturerna. Majoriteten intervjudeltagare hade en fullbordad identitet, men perioder av förvirring och dilemman förekom som ett resultat av deras bikulturella livssituation. Anpassningsproblem och olika begränsningar var bidragande orsaker till dessa perioder. Studien bidrar till fördjupad kunskap om dubbeletniska vuxnas identitets- och personlighetsutveckling. / This essay examines the relationship between ethnic identity and ego identity among adults. Sweden is a multi cultural country and therefore this relationship is important to examine. A qualitative interview study was conducted with nine interviewees, who live in Sweden and originate from a culture outside Europe. The culture was shown to be an important part of the personality, which indicates that that ethnic identity is a part of ego identity. The interviewees experienced themself to be a mix of two cultures. A majority of the interviewees had an achieved identity, but periods of diffusion occured as a result of adaption problems and limitations. The study contributes with advanced knowledge about identity and personality development of adults.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / The problem of this dissertation is to give a theoretical explanation of emotional problems appearing in theological students in their twenties as part of a struggle to find a pastoral identity by, first, expounding the theory of ego identity developed by Erik H. Erikson in light of its historical evolution and structural dynamics, as a relevant statement of personality development which accounts for the needs of the young adult; second, by illustrating the relevance of this theory for the young pastor in four identity problems which arise among 120 theological students during clinical training in mental hospitals, using their personal statements and responses to a questionnaire as data; and third, by raising implications for the parish to be tested in view of the understanding of the theory of pastoral identity as inferred by this study, thus indicating special facets to be considered in succeeding studies on the theory of pastoral care [TRUNCATED]

This study attempted to investigate the relationship of occupational choice to ego identity achievement, to self-concept, and to academic achievement, as these are related to Eric Erikson's contention that is adolescents' inability to settle on an occupational choice which disturbs them and results in a sense of identity diffusion (lack of solidified ideas of self, goals for life, and a need to seek external supports). The sample consisted of 320 senior high school boys in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades. Variables considered included: level of vocational commitment; ego identity; self-regard, i.e., self-concept, self-acceptance, ideal self and adjustment (sum of discrepancies between self and ideal self); and academic achievement, i.e., achievers or underachievers. The variables were treated by means of analysis of covariance, controlling for intelligence, Duncan range test, chi-square analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlations. Results of the analysis of data revealed that significant differences existed between adolescents who had expressed vocational commitments and adolescents who were vocationally undecided on (a) ego identity achievement, and (b) self-concept. In considering characteristics of those making or not making a vocational choice, it was found that level of vocational commitment of senior high school boys tends to be dependent on length of time the choice is considered, the amount of feedback and discussion with parents concerning the choice, father's occupation, and the influence of significant others. Another finding was that the verbalized vocational choice of adolescents is consistent with their measured interest. Ego identity was found to be nonsignificantly correlated with achievement and intelligence. Ego identity, self-concept, and self-acceptance have positive and significant intercorrelations (.01 level). It was concluded that adolescents who have not made a vocational commitment, demonstrate a greater degree of identity diffusion--lower ego identity achievement and lower self-concept--than adolescents who have expressed a vocational commitment. It was felt that the data supported Erikson's formulations concerning the period of adolescence to the extent that a positive and predictive relationship was found between level of occupational commitment and ego identity achievement, and between the level of occupation commitment and self-concept. It was felt that ego identity was not significantly related to intelligence or achievement. It was further concluded that ego identity, self-concept, and self-acceptance are related measures dealing with level of maturity and ego integration in adolescence.

Svarbus ir atsakingas gyvenimo tarpsnis tarp vaikystės ir suaugusiojo žmogaus yra vadinama paauglyste. Tai - didelių biologinių, kognityvinių, psichologinių permainų metas. 16-aisiais gyvenimo metais paaugliai pradeda intensyviau ieškoti savo tapatumo, t.y. intensyvaus savęs suvokimo. Tapatumas priklauso nuo savo kūno savybių įsisąmoninimo, jausmų raiškos, nuo minčių, vertybinių nuostatų. Tapatumo formavimasis paauglystėje labai svarbus kuriant suaugusiojo psichosocialinės raidos pamatą. Taip pat labai svarbų vaidmenį užima socialinė aplinka. Tokioje socialinėje aplinkoje, kurioje galimybės gerokai apribojamos, apribojamas ir asmenybės atsiskleidimas. Didelę įtaką tapatumo raidai turi savęs vertinimas. Teigiamas savęs vertinimas – tai kelias į asmenybės tapsmą. 14-17 m. gyvenimo metais savęs vertinimo poreikis sustiprėja. Šiame amžiaus tarpsnyje daug įtakos turi tėvų, mokytojų, bendraamžių vertinimai, nuomonės. Tyrime buvo panaudota EOMEIS-2 (Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status, the extended version)ir M.Rosenberg Savęs vertinimo skalė (RSV, 1965). Darbe palygintos tapatumo būsenų brandumas pagal klasę, mokymo įstaigą, šeimos sudėtį, tarp merginų ir vaikinų ištirta gimnazijoje ir vidurinėje mokykloje besimokančių paauglių savęs vertinimas pagal mokymo įstaigą, šeimos sudėtį,lytį. / It is commonly accepted in both scientific research and general knowledge that stability and quality of family relationships profoundly influence child development. The studies on adolescent development have obtained an increasing attention within this approach, especially in psychology. Among various social and age groups, adolescents represent the most interesting object for analysis. Beginning from physical maturation, adolescence is a life period between childhood and adulthood when a person is to achieves psychological development and self-confidence. Being highly dependant on personal identity development, self-esteem is crucial for personal emotional development and life fulfilment. The concerns of modern life styles and country development pose a challenge especially on teenagers being the one on the brink of personal development. New challenges and identity development affect their self-esteem. When self-esteem is positive, it gives a person an emotional comfort and represents a crucial factor for life success. The main purpose of the study is to investigate a correlation between personal identity of adolescents and their self-esteem and to estimate the impact of these two factors on personal development. The analysis concenrated on the teenagers at the age of 16-17 studing in gymnasiums and public schools. The aim aim of the work with these teenagers were to investigate their self-identity and indentity and the correlation between these two factors. Other... [to full text]

Current theory and research have suggested that adolescent friends share many similarities which range from strong similarities in sociodemographic variables to weaker correlations for personality characteristics. The goal of this study was to advance the base of knowledge related to similarities between friends by exploring relationships between early adolescent ego identity status and friendship strength, quality, and duration. First, the objective measure of Ego Identity Status was used to test the hypothesis that early adolescents in reciprocally identified friendship pairs are more similar in their ego identity status; no such relationship was found. Second, a measure designed to assess friendship qualities/strengths and duration lead to the conclusion that the quality/strength and duration of a friendship was also not associated with identity similarities. In addition, in-depth interviews of a subsample confirmed the findings associated with the full sample paper-pencil measures. Based on these findings, it appears that these early adolescents select friends who are not likely to operate within similar identity statuses.

abstract: Identity theorists have emphasized the importance of integration across identity domains for psychosocial well-being. There remains little research, however, on associations across identity domains, group differences across identity profiles, and the joint association of multiple identity domains with academic outcomes. This dissertation includes two studies that address these limitations in the identity literature. Study 1, examined the ego-social identity profiles that emerged from ethnic identity exploration and commitment, American identity exploration and commitment, and ego identity integration and confusion among an ethnically diverse sample of emerging adults using latent profile analysis (N = 8,717). Results suggested that an eight-profile solution was the best fit for the data. The profiles demonstrated differences in identity status and salience across identity domains. Significant ethnic, sex, nativity, and age differences were identified in ego-social identity membership. Study 2 focused on the ego-social identity profiles that emerged from the same identity domains among biethnic college students of Latino and European American heritage (N = 401) and how these profiles differed as a function of preferred ethnic label. The association of ego-social identity profile with academic achievement and the moderation by university ethnic composition were examined. Results indicated that a two-profile solution was the best fit to the data in which one profile included participants with general identity achievement across identity domains and one profile included individuals who were approaching the identity formation process in each domain. Ego-social identity profile membership did not differ based on preferred ethnic label. Individuals who had a more integrated identity across domains had higher college grades. University ethnic composition did not significantly moderate this association. Taken together, these two studies highlight the intricacies of identity formation that are overlooked when integration across identity domains is not considered. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Family Resources and Human Development 2012

Few studies apply the Eriksonian model of identity formation to cross-cultural samples (3), even though issues of ethnicity and culture may inform a Hispanic woman’s self-concept (Phinney, 1996). Hispanic women may also be influenced by traditional gender role behaviors such as passivity or dependence that are outlined by marianismo (Stevens, 1973). A recent study of a multiethnic sample of emerging adult women and men found that purpose commitment mediated the effects of identity commitment on hope and life satisfaction (Burrow & Hill, 2011). The current research consists of two studies that replicate and expand upon the work of Burrow and Hill (2011). Study I replicated the work of Burrow and Hill (2011) among a sample of emerging adult Hispanic women, in order to assess the extent to which the original findings would replicate in a culturally distinct sample. Study II examined the role of marianismo, ethnic identity, and acculturation on identity commitment among emerging adult Hispanic women. Both studies utilized a sample of 532 female undergraduate psychology students, age 18 to 25, who self-identified as Hispanic and submitted data via online surveys. Both studies used self-report, quantitative data which was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results from Study I indicated good model fit and replicated the findings from Burrow and Hill (2011). Specifically, the direct effect of identity commitment on hope was fully contingent upon an individual’s level of purpose commitment, while the effect of identity commitment on life satisfaction was not contingent upon an individual’s level of purpose commitment. Results from Study II indicated that marianismo, Spanish proficiency, familiarity with Latino culture, and familiarity with American culture demonstrated statistically significant direct effects on identity commitment among emerging adult Hispanic women. Results indicated cultural convergence regarding the association of an individual’s identity with well-being through a sense of purpose. Findings also revealed the role of cultural factors in the extent to which Hispanic women commit to a personal identity. Future studies should employ mixed method research designs as a means to better ascertain implications of findings.

Ego-identity development has long been regarded as an important developmental process for late adolescents. According to existing literature, ego-identity achievement or committing oneself to a set of identity components after having explored viable identity alternatives (e.g., in matters of relationships, political philosophy, etc.), is conducive to a wide array of positive outcomes for individuals, families, and entire communities. The objective of this study was to examine the extent that college experiences and participation in LDS missionary service (i.e., moratorium experiences) were associated with ego-identity development, specifically in terms of identity exploration and commitment. A sample of late adolescents (N=425), all of whom had participated in at least some college and of whom 122 had volunteered as LDS missionaries, provided information about their moratorium experiences that could be related to identity development and reported their levels of identity exploration and commitment according to the Extended Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status (EOMEIS-2). Independent-samples t tests and chi-square tests were used to examine demographic and identity differences between LDS postmissionaries and LDS non-postmissionaries. LDS postmissionaries and LDS non-postmissionaries differed significantly only in the variables of sex and age. Univariate ANOVA and regression were used to examine the extent to which college and missionary service were associated with overall identity scores. Bothe college studies and LDS missionary service were significantly associated with the four EOMEIS-2 subscale scores of diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium experiences differed significantly in the magnitude and/or direction of their prediction of identity outcomes only in moratorium and foreclosure scores. Both experiences were similarly positively associated with achievement scores and negatively associated with diffusion scores. Stepwise linear regression was used to examine the extent to which certain features of college studies and missionary service were associated with identity scores. After controlling for age, sex, income, and years of education, numerous features of the two experiences, such as motives for participation, funding, frequency of weekly experiences, and learning a foreign language were significantly associated with identity scores. College features shared the greatest amount of variability with diffusion scores, and mission features shared the greatest amount of variability with foreclosure scores.