Orientador: Arsenio Oswaldo Seva Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T01:58:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro_MariaFernandaBacile_M.pdf: 4359236 bytes, checksum: 7bd15ce5870579751ed1f36e487a1957 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta dissertação procura selecionar e estudar casos de projetos de hidrelétricas construídas em outros países, durante o século XX e no Brasil, desde 2002 até a presente data; além de identificar os problemas sociais e institucionais nestes casos selecionados. Para isso, o texto inicialmente discute as mudanças ocorridas no setor elétrico brasileiro, introduzindo informações sobre a formação e mudanças da indústria elétrica brasileira, as empresas representativas da indústria hidrelétrica, e a reestruturação e reconstrução do setor elétrico brasileiro; assim como as mudanças para o território e sociedade nas regiões de implantação e de projetos de usinas hidrelétricas. Em seguida, este trabalho estuda casos relevantes de usinas hidrelétricas selecionadas em outros países, com destaque para a usina hidrelétrica binacional Yacyretá, no rio Paraná, Argentina/Paraguai. Para o estudo dos casos nacionais, foram selecionadas algumas hidrelétricas que tiveram suas represas formadas entre 2003 e 2006; uma hidrelétrica de pequeno porte, onde foi realizado um estudo de caso, a PCH Mosquitão, no rio Caiapó, GO; e outros casos de projetos de hidrelétricas incluídos nos leilões de energia feitos pela ANEEL em 2005 e 2006. Ao fazer um tipo de análise comparativa a partir dessas situações, pôde-se verificar a presença da ¿dam industry¿ tratando com descaso os problemas sociais que envolvem a implantação das hidrelétricas. Conclui-se o trabalho afirmando-se que as dificuldades encontradas pelo governo e pela ¿dam industry¿ para a implantação de usinas hidrelétricas no Brasil são crescentes, mas que estes agentes permanecem com força nas suas tentativas para implantação de novos projetos / Abstract: Hydro power plants, which were constructed in several countries, during century XX, and in Brazil, since 2002, are evaluated in this thesis, as far as their social and institutional problems are concerned. Initially, the evolution of the Brazilian electric power industry is discussed, with emphasis on the role played by the companies making up the so-called ¿dam industry¿, the recent re-organization of the Brazilian power sector; and the social changes that have been occurring in the regions the hydro power plants have been implemented, or are planned to be built. Next, some selected cases of hydro power plants in other countries were studied, with special attention for the binational Yacyretá Hydro Power Plant, in the Paraná river, border between Argentina and Paraguay. For the Brazilian study-cases, some dams formed between 2003 and 2006 were selected; together with a Small Hydro Power Plant named Mosquitão, located at the river Caiapó, in the State of Goiás, and some projects included in the auctions of hydro power plant concessions carried out by the Brazilian power sector¿s independent regulatory agency (ANEEL) in the years 2005 and 2006. A comparative analysis of these cases revealed that the ¿dam industry¿ does not deal fairly with the social problems related to the hydro power plants. The thesis is concluded showing the increasing difficulties faced by the government and the ¿dam industry¿ to build new hydro power plants in the country, despite all their efforts / Mestrado / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Актуальность темы исследования: В экономическом процессе инвестиции занимают центральное место, что в свою очередь, предопределяет общий рост экономики предприятия. Вследствие инвестирования в отраслях и на предприятиях растут объёмы производства, возрастает доход, развиваются и уходят вперёд экономическое соперничество между ними. Цель работы – исследовать пути повышения эффективности инвестиционной деятельности компании (на примере АО «KEGOC»). Предложена методика расчета интегрального показателя оценки ее эффективности инвестиционной политики на основе применения параметров функции желательности, что повышает объективность расчетов при определении эффективности инвестиционной политики. / Relevance of the research topic: In the economic process, investments occupy a central place, which in turn determines the overall growth of the enterprise's economy. As a result of investment in industries and enterprises, production volumes are increasing, income is growing, economic competition between them is developing and moving ahead. The purpose of the work is to investigate ways to improve the efficiency of the company's investment activity (by the example of KEGOC JSC). The methodology for calculating the integral indicator of the assessment of its effectiveness of investment policy based on the application of parameters of the desirability function is proposed, which increases the objectivity of calculations in determining the effectiveness of investment policy.

Российский электросетевой комплекс является стратегической и социально значимой отраслью экономики, так как обеспечивает надежное энергоснабжение потребителей, выдачу мощности электростанций, а также перетоки мощности и энергии между отдельными энергообъединениями. Однако значительный уровень износа оборудования, высокая аварийность на электроэнергетических объектах приводит к снижению уровня энергобезопасности. Для поддержания основных производственных фондов в рабочем состоянии и соответствия направлениям развития, заданным «Энергетической стратегией до 2035 года», необходимы значительные инвестиционные ресурсы, доступ к которым у электросетевых компаний весьма ограничен ввиду жесткого государственного регулирования тарифов на передачу электроэнергии. Следовательно, особую актуальность приобретает вопрос идентификации факторов, позволяющих повысить инвестиционную привлекательность электросетевых компаний. Целью работы является комплексная оценка инвестиционной привлекательности электросетевой компании и разработка механизма ее повышения для частных инвесторов. Объект исследования - ОАО «Межрегиональная распределительная сетевая компания Урала» (ОАО «МРСК Урала»). Практическая значимость диссертации заключается в возможности применения предложенного инструментария управления инвестиционной привлекательностью в операционной и стратегической деятельности отечественных электросетевых компаний. / The Russian electric grid complex is a strategic and socially significant branch of the economy, as it provides reliable energy supply to consumers, the output of power plants, as well as the flow of capacity and energy between individual power units. However, a significant level of equipment wear and a high accident rate at electric power facilities leads to a decrease in the level of energy security. In order to maintain the main production assets in working order and comply with the development directions set by the “Energy Strategy 2035”, significant investment resources are needed. But access to it is very limited for electric grid companies due to strict state regulation of electricity transmission tariffs. Therefore, the issue of identifying factors that increase the investment attractiveness of electric grid companies becomes particularly relevant. The purpose is a comprehensive assessment of the investment attractiveness of an electric grid company and the development of a mechanism to increase its for private investors. The object of the study is JSC “Interregional Distribution Grid Company of the Urals”. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the proposed tools for managing investment attractiveness in the operational and strategic activities of Russian electric grid companies.

The main focus of this thesis is to find out what factors have the biggest influence on the price of electricity for household consumers in the European Union in the context of creating the internal electricity market in the EU. By means of the cluster analysis six EU Member States have been selected according to the following criteria: electricity consumption, electricity production, and the price of electricity. As a result of that Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Malta and Sweden have been selected. Consequently, the regression analysis has been carried out to find out what factors influence the electricity prices in every country individually. The independent variables are mainly various sources of electricity production. It was found out those renewable resources most influent the electricity price for households in Belgium, Estonia, Hungary, and Sweden. Nevertheless, in the context of Europe 2020 strategy and the formation of the European energy market, one of the European Commission's objectives is to increase the share of renewable sources in the production of electricity in the EU Member States. Therefore, it will bring about higher prices of electricity, which goes against the Commission's effort to decrease the price of electricity for households through the liberalisation of electricity and the creation of the internal electricity market.

Dans le chapitre 1, j’examine les résultats des fusions entre producteurs européens d’énergie en termes d’efficacité. Je calcule l’éco-efficacité en utilisant l’analyse de l’enveloppement des données et l’indice de productivité Malmquist-Luenberger. Je trouve que les fusions horizontales nationales, qui sont soigneusement réglementées, n’ont pas d’impact. Les fusions horizontales transfrontalières nuisent à l’éco-efficacité à court terme mais la stimulent deux ans après l’achèvement. Les fusions verticales nuisent à l’éco-efficacité. Je présente des suggestions de politiques concernant la réglementation des fusions. Le chapitre 2 est un travail conjoint avec Julian Hinz. Nous enquêtons sur les effets de l’embargo russe auto-imposé sur les importations de produits alimentaires en provenance des pays occidentaux. Nous construisons un modèle ricardien avec des liens sectoriels, des échanges de biens intermédiaires et une hétérogénéité sectorielle dans la production. L’étalonnage du modèle avec des données réelles permet de simuler les résultats de l’embargo en termes de changements de bien-être et de prix. Nous quantifions en outre l’impact sur les prix à la consommation en Russie à l’aide de la méthode des doubles différences. Le chapitre 3 est basé sur un article co-écrit avec Cristina Herghelegiu. Nous enquêtons sur l’utilisation des conditions commerciales internationales (Incoterms). Ce sont les schémas prédéfinis de la répartition des coûts et des risques entre les acheteurs et les vendeurs. Nous nous appuyons sur un ensemble de données très détaillées sur les exportations russes durant la période 2012-2015. Nous constatons que les grandes entreprises sont plus susceptibles d’assumer des responsabilités. Les gros acheteurs assument plus de responsabilités, quelle que soit la taille du vendeur, alors que les gros vendeurs le font uniquement lorsque leur partenaire est petit. C’est plus probable que les risques et les coûts sont sur les acheteurs dans les transactions de biens intermédiaires et de biens d’équipement. / In Chapter 1 I investigate firm-level efficiency outcomes of mergers between the European energy producers. I compute eco-efficiency using data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. I find that carefully regulated domestic horizontal mergers do not have a statistically significant impact. Cross-border horizontal mergers hamper eco-efficiency in the short run but stimulate it two years after completion. Vertical mergers are detrimental to eco-efficiency. I put forward policy suggestions regarding the regulation of mergers. Chapter 2 is joint work with Julian Hinz. We investigate the effects of self-imposed Russian embargo on food import from Western countries. We build a Ricardian model with sectoral linkages, trade in intermediate goods and sectoral heterogeneity in production. The calibration of the model with real data allows to simulate the outcomes of embargo in terms of changes in welfare and prices. We further quantify the impact on consumer prices in Russia with the difference-in-differences estimator. Chapter 3 is based on a paper co-written with Cristina Herghelegiu. We investigate the use of International Commercial Terms. They are pre-defined schemes of repartition of costs and risks between buyers and sellers, which serve to mitigate the uncertainty. We rely on a highly detailed dataset on Russian exports over the 2012-2015 period. We find that big firms are more likely to take on responsibilities. Big buyers bear more responsibilities regardless of the seller size, whereas big sellers do so only when their partner is small. Risks and costs are more likely on buyers in transactions of intermediate and capital goods.