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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:44:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1962.pdf: 922052 bytes, checksum: 8f5bc0fd517ec09ae18b23799bc094b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-27 / Studies have shown that autistic adults and adolescents have a high incidence of cavities due to their substandard practices of oral hygiene. Disruptive behaviors like flinching or fleeing are commonly observed during toothbrushing, as well as agonistic conduct during dental treatment. Few studies have addressed the improvement of toothbrushing efficacy as a form of preventing these problems, and most of the existing works are poor in methodology. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a toothbrushing training program upon children of five to six years of age who have been medically diagnosed as autistic. The children were randomly divided into groups G1, G2 and G3. G1 had training on the use of conventional toothbrushes, with an accompanying song and physical guidance; G2 had electric toothbrush training and physical assistance; group G3 had electric toothbrush training, associated to a song and physical assistance. Video recordings of the training sessions were used to determine the brushing steps assimilated by the children, as well as their autonomy and ability to complete each of the steps along the study. Hygiene results were evaluated through a sequence of treatments and probes. The use of electric toothbrushes apparently resulted in better removal of plaque, even under adverse conditions. G3 showed better plaque indexes than the other two groups, and G2 had better results than G1, suggesting that the use of electric toothbrushes associated to a song and physical assistance can optimize oral hygiene in autistic children. Overall, five-year-olds had better results than sixyear- olds, suggesting that younger children have a lower incidence of adverse behavior (e.g. nausea or vomiting) during toothbrushing. / Estudos têm mostrado que adolescentes e adultos autistas tem péssima higiene bucal e apresentam alto índice de cáries, comportamentos de fuga e esquiva durante a escovação e problemas de comportamento durante o tratamento odontológico. Poucos estudos exploram a escovação como forma de prevenir tais problemas, e na sua maioria, eles carecem de rigor metodológico. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um programa de treino de escovação em crianças com diagnóstico médico de autismo entre cinco e seis anos. As crianças foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos: G1 (treino de escovação com escova dental convencional, canção e ajuda física), G2 (treino de escovação com escova elétrica e ajuda física) e G3 (treino de escovação com escova elétrica associada a uma canção e ajuda física). Empregou-se um delineamento de múltiplos tratamentos e sondas. As sessões foram filmadas e analisadas a fim de se identificar os passos da escovação empregados pela criança, bem como verificar a independência e adequação da criança nesses passos, ao longo do estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso da escova elétrica parece ter removido mais placa bacteriana do que a escova convencional, mesmo em condições adversas de escovação. O G3 apresentou melhores índices de placa bacteriana do que os outros grupos e o G2 pareceu ter melhores índices que o G1, indicando que o treino com escova elétrica, canção e ajuda física produziram melhor higiene bucal com crianças autistas. Constatou-se, também, que os participantes de cinco anos mostraram melhores resultados que os de seis anos, sugerindo que quanto mais jovens, menor a freqüência de comportamentos adversos emitidos durante a escovação (ânsia, náusea e vômitos).

<p>Barn med Down syndrom (DS) har problem med hypotonus och hyposensitivitet som begränsar rörligheten i ansiktets och munnens muskulatur, vilket därmed försvårar tal och sväljning. Målet med en intra- och extraoralsensorisk behandling är att öka medvetenheten och kontrollen av munnens muskulatur, dess rörelser, spänning och känsel.  Syfte med föreliggande studie var att undersöka effekten av en intra- och extraoralsensorisk intensivbehandling med eltandborste hos en grupp barn med DS och hypotonus. Effekten valdes att studeras utifrån områdena orofacial funktion, läppslutning, talproduktion och oralsensorik. Nio barn i åldrarna 6 till 12 år genomgick behandlingen med fyra behandlingstillfällen i veckan under fyra veckor. Före behandlingsstarten gjordes en baseline-mätning och efter utvärderades behandlingseffekten vid tre tillfällen, utspritt på tre veckor. Bedömningsmaterialet som användes bestod av NOT-S och kompletterande intervjufrågor till föräldrar, delar av STORM och SVANTE samt eftersägning.  Resultaten visar på att det sker någon form av förbättring för alla deltagare, inom minst ett område. Effekten av behandlingen varierade mellan deltagarna. Det är därför viktigt med individanpassad intervention, då samma metod inte alltid fungerar, är meningsfull och mottas lika bra hos alla patienter.</p> / <p>Children with Down syndrome (DS) have problems with hypotonia and hyposensitivity restricting movement of the face and mouth muscles, thus impeding speaking and swallowing. The goal of intra- and extraoral sensory processing is to increase awareness and control of the oral muscles, its movements, tension and oral sensation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of an intra- and extraoral sensory intensive treatment with electric toothbrush in a group of children with DS and hypotonia. The effects were studied from the perspectives of orofacial function, lip closure, speech production and oral sensitivity. Nine children aged 6 to 12 years underwent treatment with four sessions per week for four weeks. Before starting treatment, a baseline was performed and afterwards the effects of the treatment were evaluated on three occasions over a period of three weeks. Assessment materials included NOT-S and additional interview questions for the parents, part of STORM and SVANTE, as well as repetition. The results show that there is improvement for all participants in at least one of the studied areas. The outcome of the treatment varied between the participants. Therefore it can be important with individualized intervention, as the same method does not always work or may not be appropriate and not received the same by all patients.</p>

Barn med Down syndrom (DS) har problem med hypotonus och hyposensitivitet som begränsar rörligheten i ansiktets och munnens muskulatur, vilket därmed försvårar tal och sväljning. Målet med en intra- och extraoralsensorisk behandling är att öka medvetenheten och kontrollen av munnens muskulatur, dess rörelser, spänning och känsel.  Syfte med föreliggande studie var att undersöka effekten av en intra- och extraoralsensorisk intensivbehandling med eltandborste hos en grupp barn med DS och hypotonus. Effekten valdes att studeras utifrån områdena orofacial funktion, läppslutning, talproduktion och oralsensorik. Nio barn i åldrarna 6 till 12 år genomgick behandlingen med fyra behandlingstillfällen i veckan under fyra veckor. Före behandlingsstarten gjordes en baseline-mätning och efter utvärderades behandlingseffekten vid tre tillfällen, utspritt på tre veckor. Bedömningsmaterialet som användes bestod av NOT-S och kompletterande intervjufrågor till föräldrar, delar av STORM och SVANTE samt eftersägning.  Resultaten visar på att det sker någon form av förbättring för alla deltagare, inom minst ett område. Effekten av behandlingen varierade mellan deltagarna. Det är därför viktigt med individanpassad intervention, då samma metod inte alltid fungerar, är meningsfull och mottas lika bra hos alla patienter. / Children with Down syndrome (DS) have problems with hypotonia and hyposensitivity restricting movement of the face and mouth muscles, thus impeding speaking and swallowing. The goal of intra- and extraoral sensory processing is to increase awareness and control of the oral muscles, its movements, tension and oral sensation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of an intra- and extraoral sensory intensive treatment with electric toothbrush in a group of children with DS and hypotonia. The effects were studied from the perspectives of orofacial function, lip closure, speech production and oral sensitivity. Nine children aged 6 to 12 years underwent treatment with four sessions per week for four weeks. Before starting treatment, a baseline was performed and afterwards the effects of the treatment were evaluated on three occasions over a period of three weeks. Assessment materials included NOT-S and additional interview questions for the parents, part of STORM and SVANTE, as well as repetition. The results show that there is improvement for all participants in at least one of the studied areas. The outcome of the treatment varied between the participants. Therefore it can be important with individualized intervention, as the same method does not always work or may not be appropriate and not received the same by all patients.