Elektroniese kommunikasie en handel is 'n verskynsel wat eksponensieel toegeneem het oar die laaste dekade saammet die ontwikkeling en uitbreiding van die Internet. Ten einde kompeterend te wees in die internasionale arena is dit belangrik dat Suid-Afrika 'n klimaat skep waarin elektroniese handel kan floreer. Daar bestaan egter die perspesie dat die huidige regsbedeling onvanpas en onvoldoende is om die kwessies wat ontstaan as gevolg van elektroniese handel te kan hanteer. In 1996 het die kommissie van die Verenigde Nasies gemoeid met internasionale handel, UNCITRAL die Mode/wet oor Elektroniese Handel gefinaliseer. Sederdien is die Modelwet opgeneem in wetgewing of het wetgewing be"invloed in verskeie Iande. Een van die onderliggende beginsels waarop die Mode/wet gebaseer is, is "funksionele gelykheid" ten einde met snel veranderende tegnologie tred te hou. Hierdie beginsel behels dat in ons soektog na regsoplosssings, papiergebaseerde oplossings nie netso nageboots moet word nie maar dat daar eerder gestreef word na ekwivalente regsoplossings binne die tegnologies raamwerk. Die Wet op Elektroniese Kommunikasie en Transaksies is die SuidAfrikaanse antwoord op hierdie internasionale verwikkelinge. Die oogmerk van hierdie skripsie is om artikels 11 tot 13, 18 en 19 van die Wet te bestudeer en te vergelyk met die Mode/wet. Verder om te ondersoek tot watter mate die doelwitte van die Groenskrif behaal is en in welke mate die Wet die behoeftes van die breer gemeenskap aanspreek, soos dit blyk uit die kommentaar op die Groenskrif. Die Suid-Afrikaanse benadering is gebaseer op internasionale voorbeelde en afwykings daarvan word ook bespreek. Hoewel die persepsie bestaan dat die Suid-Afrikaanse reg nie toegerus is om die veranderings te kan hanteer nie, is dit meerendeels net 'n persepsie. Suid-Afrika beskik oor 'n inherent aanpasbare gemenereg. In my opinie, sou opskrifstelling in 'n elektroniese omgewing nie 'n probleem geskep het binne die gemenereg nie. Dit blyk dat meer onsekerheid oor die aard van handtekeninge bestaan. Dit is waarskynlik dat gevorderde elektroniese handtekeninge (soos in die Wet bespreek) in ieder geval erken sou word. Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Wet oor elektroniese handel ruim egter enige onsekerheid uit die weg. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet maak gebruik van verskeie internasionale bronne maar die UNCITRAL Modelwet dien as vertrekpunt. Daar blyk eenstemmigheid in Amerika, die Europese Unie en Australie te wees dat "funksionele gelykheid" die beste manier is om veranderende tegnologie te hanteer. Die beginsel van "funksionele gelykheid" is die goue draad wat deur nie aileen die UNCITRAL Mode/wet maar ook deur die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing geweef is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing voeg verskeie beskermingsmeganismes ten einde verbruikers te beskerm teen die gevare van 'gesiglose handel'. Elektroniese skrif word as die ekwivalent van skrif op papier erken. SuidAfrikaanse wetgewing identifiseer die volgende basiese funksies van handtekeninge, naamlik: • Om die persoon te identifiseer; en • Om die persoon se goedkeuring van die inligting te kommunikeer. 'n Addisionele vereiste dat elektroniese handtekeninge so betroubaar as wat gepas was onder die omstandighede moet wees, word bygevoeg. Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing spreek oak die kwessies van notariele parktyk, oorspronklikes, sertifisering en geregistreerde pas aan. In geheel behoort die bepalings rakende vormvereistes positief ontvang te word in die mark aangesien "funksionele gelykheid" behoorlik geimplementeer word en 'n juiste basis is. / Thesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

Electronic identification of persons in private law relationships Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the topic of electronic identification of persons in private law relationships. It defines all types of electronic identifiers, which can be used in private law relationships by both legal entities and so natural persons. This paper summarizes the young and not for long used legislations. This legislation is not often used in practice and for that reason it has the only commentary. The case law for this problematics is also lacking and that is why it could not be used as one of the sources, despite that it is in many cases one of the most used and valuable sources. This thesis analyses not only the legal aspects of the electronic identification, but also the technological aspects, which it tries to explain even to the readers, who can be absolutely untouched by the world of information technology. At the same time this diploma thesis provides instructions for potential users of instruments of electronic identification, who can be distrustful and insecure of its first time user experience. The minor part of this thesis deals with the history of electronic identification. This section is not extremely extensive due to the fact, that history of his phenomenon goes only about hundred years to the past. The...

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo la implementación de un Sistema Web para el Colegio de Notarios de Lima que será utilizado principalmente por el área de archivo de ex-Notarios en el proceso de Conclusión de Escrituras, proceso que consiste en culminar las firmas pendientes de las personas que intervienen en una Escritura Pública, en la actualidad este servicio se realiza de forma manual, es lento y engorroso. El sistema permitirá al cliente contar con una respuesta inmediata del estado actual de la Escritura Pública, costo del servicio y de esta manera decidir al instante si continua con el servicio solicitado, todo gracias a la base de datos de Escrituras Públicas digitalizadas, que han sido enviadas por los notarios que han cesado de su función. Además, agilizará el proceso de respuesta del Notario encargado respecto a los informes de Conclusión de Escritura enviados por el Encargado del archivo, la fecha de conclusión y notificación por correo electrónico. El sistema permitirá tener un mejor control del proceso actual gracias a que las tareas serán administradas y personalizadas según el perfil de cada usuario. Dicho sistema utiliza la tecnología web que dispone de información en tiempo real y está orientado a la búsqueda de documentos digitalizados. Por último el sistema podrá generar reportes respecto al servicio realizado en el área de archivo permitiendo a la Junta Directiva del Colegio de Notarios de Lima tomar decisiones para planificar estrategias de gestión. This thesis aims to implement a Web System for the College of Notaries of Lima which will be used mainly for the archive area of former notaries in the process of concluding Scriptures process of culminating the outstanding signatures people involved in a public deed, at present this service is performed manually, it is slow and cumbersome. The system will allow customers to have immediate feedback of the current state of the Deed, cost of service and thus decide immediately whether to continue with the requested service, thanks to the database Deeds digitized, which have been submitted by notaries who have ceased to function. In addition, it will streamline the process commissioned Notary response regarding Conclusion Writing reports sent by the File Manager, the completion date and email notification. The system will allow better control of the current process by which tasks are managed and customized to each user's profile. This system uses web technology that provides real-time information and is aimed at finding scanned documents. Finally the system can generate reports regarding the service performed in the area of file allowing the Board of the Association of Notaries of Lima make decisions to plan management strategies.

This diploma thesis deals with an electronic (digital) archiving issue and its using in the financial accounting and general company matters. The thesis is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes the legislative framework in the archiving theory, after that there is an analysis of means for the internal and external communication in companies. At the end of the theoretical part is contained an archiving standardization, archiving strategies and some products and solutions to a trustworthy electronic archiving in organizations. The practical part is based on the author's survey about using the electronic archiving in the Czech Republic. The procedure of the survey was performed by sending of an electronic questionnaire. At first, the structure of respondents is pursued, in the second part follows the analysis of the reached outcome.

Although the e-Government was mentioned more frequently, especially because of data boxes, its origin dates back to 90th the 20th century. Then the first efforts to development of information systems began to connect various governmental offices. However, these efforts haven't been very successful. Subsequently, different e-Government services start developing and this is what the diploma thesis is about. First it outlines the progress of the e-Government. Then this thesis attempts to the e-Government services and also provides information about e-Government system in different countries. At the end there is described electronic data interchange, electronic invoicing and electronic archiving.

The objective of this thesis is to provide a survey of document digitalization and to analyse the market of companies outsourcing the document digitalization. The first part of the thesis decribes the technology of scannig and the methods of document recognition and data minig. It also decribes the systems of barcodes used to identify documents. Furthermore, this thesis includes the principles of document saving and electronic (digital) signature issues from the viewpoint of Czech legislation. Its contribution lies in analysing the companies dealing with outsourcing of the document digitalization and in the view of a company using these services. A brief outlook to the future regarding this topic is included as well.

The diploma thesis is concerned with electronic communication and its usage in accountancy. In theoretical part there is characterized electronic communication and the formats on which it is based. Further there are described the terms such as data boxes, electronic signature and electronic communication in accountancy. The last chapter is focused on practical knowledge which are generally used in praxis. There is also a detailed description of electronic posting using the accountancy program and tax portal. The practical part includes statistical data too.

The subject of the thesis is the evidence of electronic accounting records and the overall situation in the use of electronic forms of communication in the Czech Republic and worldwide. The theoretical part deals with the general characteristics of the evidence of accounting records, with a focus on handwritten and electronic signatures. This part is also dedicated to the electronic document and its use with a focus on data boxes and characteristics of accounting records. In the practical part, the emphasis is put on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of electronic and paper records as well as the trends that are currently emerging in the world and in the Czech Republic in the field of electronic communications. At the conclusion, the thesis deals with the analysis of the current situation of use of electronic records in Skanska Property Czech Republic and with the calculation of the theoretical cost savings if switching to electronic records.

This thesis deals with e-invoicing of payables. It describes the various ways the e-invoice can be obtained, in particular from the moment the e-invoice is transmitted in EDI format and invoice details are put on web sites up until the e-invoice is received in PDF forma via e-mail or the scanning of the invoice document with subsequent text extraction. It determines and sets out the legislative requirements of the electronic document, looks into the benefits and drawbacks of e-invoices and compares them with paper form. The thesis also explains the technical terminology related to e-invoicing (various types of document formats, international standards for encryption of electronic communication, electronic signature, etc.). Furthermore it outlines the use of data boxes for e-invoicing. The thesis includes in its last part a practical example of implementation process of e-invoicing in a particular company.

This thesis is concerned with the security risks in company and it is oriented to risks connected with electronic commerce. It describes these technologies a gives comprehensive view to security risks, designed for concrete firm in practice.