Com base no estudo da Lei 11, 419 de 19 de dezembro de 2006, conhecida como “Lei do processo eletrônico”, decretada pelo Congresso Nacional, pretende-se contextualizar o desenvolvimento da informatização do judiciário no Brasil, levando em conta as experiências que já vêm ocorrendo não apenas no Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas em diferentes instâncias judiciais do país, por exemplo, nos tribunais localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: o Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região, Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região e o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul que, em uso de sistemas informáticos, operacionalizam a prestação jurisdicional mediante a transmissão eletrônica de dados com base na Lei 11.419/06. Destaca-se também que a informatização do judiciário comporta celeridade na tramitação de peças processuais, sem desconhecer a adoção de cautelas que garantam suficientemente a segurança das informações relativas ao processo e às partes, o que se constata através da aplicação de assinaturas eletrônicas respaldadas por certificado digital que atende aos requisitos de autenticidade, validade jurídica e interoperabilidade da Medida Provisória 2.200-2/2001 relativa à criação da Infraestrutura de Chaves Pública Brasileira. Como resultado destas considerações, formula-se um diagnóstico situacional para a implantação de um processo eletrônico em El Salvador. / Based on the study of Law 11, 419 of 19 December 2006, known as the "Law of the electronic process," enacted by Congress, seeks to contextualize the development of computerization of the judiciary in Brazil, taking into account not also the experiences into the Supreme Federal Court, but in differents courts around the country, such as the courts located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: The Federal Court of the 4th Region, the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region and the Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in use of computer systems, effectuate the adjudication by the electronic transmission of data based on the Law 11.419/06. Also noteworthy is that the computerization of the judiciary behaves quickly, without ignoring the adoption of safeguards to ensure sufficient security of information relating to the proceedings and the parties, which is verified through the application of electronic signatures supported by digital certificate that meets requirements of authenticity, the legal validity and interoperability of Provisional 2.200-2/2001 on the creation of the Brazilian Public Key Infrastructure. As a result of these considerations, it makes up a situation analysis for the deployment of an electronic process in El Salvador.

Com base no estudo da Lei 11, 419 de 19 de dezembro de 2006, conhecida como “Lei do processo eletrônico”, decretada pelo Congresso Nacional, pretende-se contextualizar o desenvolvimento da informatização do judiciário no Brasil, levando em conta as experiências que já vêm ocorrendo não apenas no Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas em diferentes instâncias judiciais do país, por exemplo, nos tribunais localizados na cidade de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: o Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região, Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 4ª Região e o Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul que, em uso de sistemas informáticos, operacionalizam a prestação jurisdicional mediante a transmissão eletrônica de dados com base na Lei 11.419/06. Destaca-se também que a informatização do judiciário comporta celeridade na tramitação de peças processuais, sem desconhecer a adoção de cautelas que garantam suficientemente a segurança das informações relativas ao processo e às partes, o que se constata através da aplicação de assinaturas eletrônicas respaldadas por certificado digital que atende aos requisitos de autenticidade, validade jurídica e interoperabilidade da Medida Provisória 2.200-2/2001 relativa à criação da Infraestrutura de Chaves Pública Brasileira. Como resultado destas considerações, formula-se um diagnóstico situacional para a implantação de um processo eletrônico em El Salvador. / Based on the study of Law 11, 419 of 19 December 2006, known as the "Law of the electronic process," enacted by Congress, seeks to contextualize the development of computerization of the judiciary in Brazil, taking into account not also the experiences into the Supreme Federal Court, but in differents courts around the country, such as the courts located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: The Federal Court of the 4th Region, the Regional Labor Court of the 4th Region and the Court of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in use of computer systems, effectuate the adjudication by the electronic transmission of data based on the Law 11.419/06. Also noteworthy is that the computerization of the judiciary behaves quickly, without ignoring the adoption of safeguards to ensure sufficient security of information relating to the proceedings and the parties, which is verified through the application of electronic signatures supported by digital certificate that meets requirements of authenticity, the legal validity and interoperability of Provisional 2.200-2/2001 on the creation of the Brazilian Public Key Infrastructure. As a result of these considerations, it makes up a situation analysis for the deployment of an electronic process in El Salvador.

This thesis aims on modern ways of electronic communication. It includes electronic signature and data boxes. The first part of thesis focuses on the historical and present legal regulation and describes rights and responsibilities that users of these tools have. The second part deals with possible problems and their solution during the use of these two tools in routine practice. It also includes a summary of the main advantages and disadvantages of their use. Practical part demonstrates the specific use of data boxes and electronic signature at cadastral offices from the view of common user and the cadastral office itself.

The goal of this thesis was to create a system for visual data transmition using bar codes. It focuses mainly on the protection of the system against abuse. A mechanism was designed for the data transmition itself and the various security concepts. The most appropriate bar code for data transmition was selected on the basis of the analysis.

No description available.

The subject of this graduation thesis is to study internal electronic signatures in PDF documents. The thesis introduces general principles of electronic signatures, deals with the internal structure of PDF documents including the connection of electronic signatures and describes the process of verifying an electronic signature. An integral part of this thesis is an implementation of an application, which performs verification of electronic signatures in a PDF document. The aim of this application is to verify the digital signature embedded in a PDF document according to the current legislation of the Czech Republic, while allowing users to change extensively the rules for evaluating the validity of the signature. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This dissertation describes and evaluates the gradual development of e-government in the Czech Republic, especially the part that affects communication and interaction between public administration and private sector (citizens and firms). The introduction describes why an e-government was perceived as a separate discipline and how does it affect the development of IT and the Internet. The next section deals with the basic division of the government approach to an e-government -- whether the government pays attention only to legislation and standardization, and operation of IT services is left to the private sector, or whether the government itself guarantees the operation of some basic IT services. The largest part is devoted to the gradual development of e-government in the Czech Republic, its critical milestones (such as new laws) and starts (or ends) of important information systems. It also describes the successes and the failures of these milestones and their impact on both public administration and private sector. The final section describes the currently known vision of e-government in the Czech Republic (actually the absence of such a vision). In conclusion, it summarizes findings from previous chapters and it describes both the positive and the negative aspects of existing projects. Finally, it proposes how to mimic the successful ones and how to avoid the unsuccessful ones.

Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσει κάποιες ΤΠΕ που χρησιμοποιούν οι επιχειρήσεις, να εξετάσει κατά πόσο αυτά εφαρμόζονται στις επιχειρήσεις αντιπροσωπείας αυτοκινήτων, στις ξενοδοχειακές επιχειρήσεις και στις μικρές επιχειρήσεις οδικών μεταφορών και να παρουσιάσει προτάσεις για την προώθηση και βελτίωση των ΤΠΕ. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε ποιοτική μέθοδος σε δείγμα 30 επιχειρήσεων με συλλογή πρωτογενών στοιχείων μέσω ερωτηματολογίου. Τα αποτελέσματα αναλύθηκαν με τη χρήση του στατιστικού πακέτου SPSS και έδειξαν ότι οι ΤΠΕ χρησιμοποιούνται σε μεγάλο βαθμό στις επιχειρήσεις αντιπροσωπείας αυτοκινήτων, σε μικρότερο στις ξενοδοχειακές επιχειρήσεις και ακόμη λιγότερο στις επιχειρήσεις οδικών μεταφορών. Η έρευνα αυτή μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί από πωλητές τεχνολογιών πληροφορικής και επικοινωνιών για να εξετάσουν αν υπάρχουν προοπτικές για πωλήσεις στους εξεταζόμενους κλάδους. / This study examines the rate of implementation of ICTs in hotels, in road transports and in automobile dealerships in Aitoloakarnania.

Genom ett testamente kan en person se till så att han får sin yttersta vilja fram efter hans bortgång. Vid upprättande av testamente måste dock en testator ta hänsyn till de formkrav som gäller för handlingen, vilka är kraven på skriftlighet, underskrift och bevittning. Dessa formkrav brukar traditionellt sett bestå av en fysisk del, så som att testamentet ska upprättas på papper, testatorn ska egenhändigt skriva under testamentet och bevittningen ska ske genom fysisk närvaro. Vi lever dock i ett allt mer digitaliserat och teknikvänligt samhälle och en naturlig följd av det vore om en person kunde upprätta ett digitalt testamente. Syftet med denna uppsats är att fastställa gällande rätt avseende testamentets formkrav och utreda om de kan uppfyllas genom ett digitalt testamente. Eftersom formkraven inte kan uppfyllas elektroniskt traditionellt sett, kommer författaren istället att utgå ifrån syftena bakom formkraven. Bakom kravet på skriftlighet ligger främst bevis- och äkthetsfunktionen som syftar till att säkerställa ett testamentes tillblivelse, giltighet och innehåll. Kravet på underskrift grundas främst på viljeförklaringsfunktionen, med andra ord att testatorn ska intyga om att testamentet utgör hans yttersta vilja. Kravet på bevittning syftar till att kunna säkerställa testamentets legala upprättande och underskriftens äkthet. Syftena bakom kraven på skriftlighet, underskrift och bevittning kan uppfyllas även vid användning av elektroniska rutiner. Dock finns inte idag den teknik som behövs för att spara och arkivera elektroniskt underskrivna handlingar under en längre period. Därmed kan inte ordinära testamenten upprättas i digital form, medan holografiska testamenten som bara är giltiga i tre månader borde kunna upprättas digitalt. / Through a will, a person can make sure that he gets his last wishes taken care of after his death. When establishing a will, however, you have to take into account the formal requirements of the act, such as that the will have to be in writing, signed and witnessed. These procedural requirements traditionally consist of a physical part, for example the will shall be written on paper, the testator must personally sign the will and the witnessing shall be achieved through physical presence. However, we live in an increasingly digitized and technology-oriented society and the natural consequence of this would be if a person could establish a digital will. The purpose of this paper is to determine the applicable law in respect of the formal requirements of a will and investigate whether they can be met by a digital will. Since the formal requirements can not traditionally be met electronically, the author will instead look at the underlying aims of the formal requirements. Behind the requirement of writing is primarily the evidence and authenticity feature which aims to ensure the wills creation, validity and content. The requirement of signature is based primarily on the intent function, in other words, the testator must certify that the will contains his last wishes. The requirement of witnessing aims to ensure the wills legal establishment and signature authenticity. The purposes behind the requirements of writing, signed and witnessing can be met even when using electronic procedures. However, the technology available today is not able to save and archive electronically signed documents for a longer period. Because of this ordinary wills cannot be drawn up in digital form, whereas holographic wills, that are only valid for three months, should be able to be drawn up in digital form.

Elektroniese kommunikasie en handel is 'n verskynsel wat eksponensieel toegeneem het oar die laaste dekade saammet die ontwikkeling en uitbreiding van die Internet. Ten einde kompeterend te wees in die internasionale arena is dit belangrik dat Suid-Afrika 'n klimaat skep waarin elektroniese handel kan floreer. Daar bestaan egter die perspesie dat die huidige regsbedeling onvanpas en onvoldoende is om die kwessies wat ontstaan as gevolg van elektroniese handel te kan hanteer. In 1996 het die kommissie van die Verenigde Nasies gemoeid met internasionale handel, UNCITRAL die Mode/wet oor Elektroniese Handel gefinaliseer. Sederdien is die Modelwet opgeneem in wetgewing of het wetgewing be"invloed in verskeie Iande. Een van die onderliggende beginsels waarop die Mode/wet gebaseer is, is "funksionele gelykheid" ten einde met snel veranderende tegnologie tred te hou. Hierdie beginsel behels dat in ons soektog na regsoplosssings, papiergebaseerde oplossings nie netso nageboots moet word nie maar dat daar eerder gestreef word na ekwivalente regsoplossings binne die tegnologies raamwerk. Die Wet op Elektroniese Kommunikasie en Transaksies is die SuidAfrikaanse antwoord op hierdie internasionale verwikkelinge. Die oogmerk van hierdie skripsie is om artikels 11 tot 13, 18 en 19 van die Wet te bestudeer en te vergelyk met die Mode/wet. Verder om te ondersoek tot watter mate die doelwitte van die Groenskrif behaal is en in welke mate die Wet die behoeftes van die breer gemeenskap aanspreek, soos dit blyk uit die kommentaar op die Groenskrif. Die Suid-Afrikaanse benadering is gebaseer op internasionale voorbeelde en afwykings daarvan word ook bespreek. Hoewel die persepsie bestaan dat die Suid-Afrikaanse reg nie toegerus is om die veranderings te kan hanteer nie, is dit meerendeels net 'n persepsie. Suid-Afrika beskik oor 'n inherent aanpasbare gemenereg. In my opinie, sou opskrifstelling in 'n elektroniese omgewing nie 'n probleem geskep het binne die gemenereg nie. Dit blyk dat meer onsekerheid oor die aard van handtekeninge bestaan. Dit is waarskynlik dat gevorderde elektroniese handtekeninge (soos in die Wet bespreek) in ieder geval erken sou word. Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Wet oor elektroniese handel ruim egter enige onsekerheid uit die weg. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Wet maak gebruik van verskeie internasionale bronne maar die UNCITRAL Modelwet dien as vertrekpunt. Daar blyk eenstemmigheid in Amerika, die Europese Unie en Australie te wees dat "funksionele gelykheid" die beste manier is om veranderende tegnologie te hanteer. Die beginsel van "funksionele gelykheid" is die goue draad wat deur nie aileen die UNCITRAL Mode/wet maar ook deur die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing geweef is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing voeg verskeie beskermingsmeganismes ten einde verbruikers te beskerm teen die gevare van 'gesiglose handel'. Elektroniese skrif word as die ekwivalent van skrif op papier erken. SuidAfrikaanse wetgewing identifiseer die volgende basiese funksies van handtekeninge, naamlik: • Om die persoon te identifiseer; en • Om die persoon se goedkeuring van die inligting te kommunikeer. 'n Addisionele vereiste dat elektroniese handtekeninge so betroubaar as wat gepas was onder die omstandighede moet wees, word bygevoeg. Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing spreek oak die kwessies van notariele parktyk, oorspronklikes, sertifisering en geregistreerde pas aan. In geheel behoort die bepalings rakende vormvereistes positief ontvang te word in die mark aangesien "funksionele gelykheid" behoorlik geimplementeer word en 'n juiste basis is. / Thesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003