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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Translational high-dimesional drug interaction discovery and validation using health record databases and pharmacokinetics models

Chiang, Chien-Wei 31 October 2017 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Polypharmacy leads to increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDI’s). In this dissertation, we create a database for quantifying fraction of metabolism (fm) of CYP450 isozymes for FDA approved drugs. A reproducible data collection protocol was developed to extract key information from publicly available in vitro selective CYP enzyme inhibition studies. The fm was then estimated from the curated data. Then, proposed a random control selection approach for nested case-control design for electronical health records (HER) and electronical medical records (EMR) databases. By relaxing the matching by case’s index time restriction, random control dramatically reduces the computational burden compared with traditional control selection approaches. Using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership gold standard and an EMR database, random control is demonstrated to have better performances as well. Finally, combining epidemiological studies and pharmacokinetic modeling with fm database, we detected and evaluated high-dimensional drug-drug interactions among thirty high frequency drugs. Multi-drug combinations that increased risk of myopathy were identified in the FAERS and EMR databases by a mixture drug-count response model (MDCM) model. Twenty-eight 3-way and 43 4-way DDI’s increased ratio of area under plasma concentration–time curve (AUCR) >2-fold and had significant myopathy risk in both databases. The predicted AUCR of omeprazole in the presence of fluconazole and clonidine was 9.35; and increased risk of myopathy was 6.41 (LFDR = 0.002) in FAERS and 18.46 (LFDR = 0.005) in EMR. We demonstrate that combining health record informatics and pharmacokinetic modeling is a powerful translational approach to detect high-dimensional DDI’s. / 2 years
2

Användbarhetsbrister inom ambulanssjukvårdens patientjournalsystem / Usability deficiencies in the ambulance care patient record systems

Kembro, Johanna, Klasson, Zackarias January 2018 (has links)
Dagens samhälle förlitar sig på och investerar enorma resurser på informationssystem. Inte minst inom hälso- och sjukvården där IT idag inte enbart används som en stödkomponent, utan är en stor del av verksamhetens kärna. Digitala patientjournalsystem återfinns inom alla sjukvårdsverksamheter, där användarna enligt lag måste journalföra information om samtliga patienter. Systemen implementeras i verksamheten till förmån för både patienter och användare som genom användning av IT-stöd effektiviserar och underlättar det dagliga arbetet. Dagens patientjournalsystem inom hälso- och sjukvården är utvecklade samt designade för flertalet decennier sedan och är ur ett användarcentrerat användbarhetsperspektiv mycket bristfälliga, vilket flertalet studier tidigare har påvisat. Syftet med denna studie är att ur ett användarcentrerat användbarhetsperspektiv undersöka uppfattad bristfällighet i det elektroniska journalsystemet AmbuLink, i relation till dess design. Detta för att skapa en generell uppfattning kring graden av användbarhet hos patientjournalsystem inom ambulanssjukvården. Resultatet av undersökningen är tänkt att agera som underlag för fortsatt utveckling och hantering av AmbuLink, samt liknande och nya patientjournalsystem. Uppsatsen presenterar en kvalitativ fallstudie där empirin har samlats in på två sätt; genom intervjuer och en dokumentgranskning. Processen är uppdelad i främst tre olika faser. Under den första fasen samlade forskningsgruppen på sig kunskap genom att läsa tidigare forskning inom ämnet och samla in ett teoretiskt fundament som sedan låg till grund för det ramverk som presenteras i uppsatsen. Ramverket var tänkt att fungera som en referenspunkt för att utvärdera användbarhet inom medicinska informationssystem. Under den andra fasen genomfördes fallstudien på ambulansens huvudkontor i Göteborg, där informanterna fick svara på frågor angående patientjournalsystemet AmbuLink, som de brukar i dagligt arbete. Under den tredje fasen analyserades den insamlade empirin, samt utbildningsmaterial för systemet som tillhandahölls av verksamheten. Resultatet som presenteras i studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse av de användbarhetsbrister som idag återfinns inom standardiserade patientjournalsystem. Det framtagna ramverket går att återanvända vid fortsatta undersökningar och fallstudier inom ämnet, både i Sverige och internationellt. / Today’s society relies on and invests enormous resources on information systems. Not least in healthcare where IT today is not only used as an aid component, but is a major part of the core business. Digital patient record systems are currently seen in all types of healthcare industries, where users are required to log all patient journals according to the law. The systems are implemented in the business for both patients and users who, through the use of IT support, streamline and facilitate daily work in healthcare. Today´s patient journal systems in the healthcare business has been developed and designed decades ago and many of them are today highly deficient from a user-centric usability perspective, as the majority of previous studies have shown. The purpose of this study is to investigate perceived shortcomings in the electronical journal system AmbuLink, in relation to its design, from a user-centered utility perspective. This to create a general perception of the degree of utility of patient record systems in the field of ambulance care. The result of the survey is intended to act as basis for continued development and management of AmbuLink, as well as similar and new patient record systems. This essay presents a qualitative case study where the empiricism has been collected in two ways; through interviews and a documentary review. The process is divided into three main phases. During the first phase, the research group gathered knowledge by reading previous research within the subject and collecting a theoretical foundation that then served as the basis for the framework presented in the paper. The framework intends to serve as a reference point for evaluating usability in electronical medical information systems. During the second phase, a case study was conducted at the ambulance headquarters in Gothenburg, where the informants were able to answer questions regarding the AmbuLink patient record system, which they use in their daily work. During the third phase, the collected empiricism was analyzed, as well as educational material for the system provided by the business. The results presented in the study contribute to an increased understanding of the usability shortcomings found today in standard patient record systems. The framed framework can be reused in further studies and case studies in the subject, both in Sweden and internationally.

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