Autonomous vehicles are already being produced today and it is a market on the up rice. To ensure a safe drive for heavy autonomous vehicles, it’s vital that faults are handled automatically. Critical errors have previously been handled by the vehicle's driver. An attractive way to ensure automatic handling of faults is an autonomous vehicle constructed with several redundant systems. The aim of this project has been to investigate the expansion of Scania's current 24-volt power supply system. The redundant power supply is supposed to power a control unit wich has sufficient functionality to stop the vehicle safely. Two different redundant battery systems have been designed and adapted for Scania's existing electrical power supply system. DC/DC converters are designed to regulate the voltage levels of the two different redundant battery systems. One battery system is designed as an inactive backup system and the other battery system is designed as an active backup system. The goal of the project has been to test and evaluate the differences between these systems. The focus has been on the big difference between the systems, which is the transition between primary and redundant power supply.

In this thesis an electrocardiography (ECG) prototype is developed that wireless transfer the ECG measurements to an Android smartphone. The prototype consist of two printed circuit boards (PCBs), an Android smartphone and an automatically tunable notch filter. The first PCB is intended for performing ECG measurements using three electrodes placed on a body and transferring the ECG data to thesecond PCB wireless via ultra-wideband (UWB). The second PCB is used to receive the ECG data via UWB communications and then transfer it to the Android smartphone through a USB cable. An automatically tunable notch filter is implemented to remove the 50 Hz power lineinterference in the ECG measurement data. And finally, an Android application is developed to display the ECG data to the user in realtime. The finished prototype is tested and shown to be successful. The ECG measurements can be transmitted from the transmitting to the receiving PCB over UWB and then displayed graphically in real-time on an Android smartphone. The automatically tunable notch filter is simulated and shown to able to remove power line interference.

More climate aware alternatives are explored and one of them is electric aircraft engines. As a transition between combustion to electric motor, hybrid engines have the positive characteristics of the two engine alternatives. But it also comes with new obstacles that more research is needed on. The University if Juiz de Fora works on a test bench for all components that sit on the hybrid plane's powertrain. In this project, the electric motor is in focus and a simulation will be created.

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Eftersom Valmet inte har någon metod för att testa styrsystemen för transportörerna de levererar med sina balningslinjer går mycket tid åt till att felsöka på plats. De söker därför en metod som gör det möjligt att simulera styrsystemen för att hitta och lösa fel innan leverans. Tryckt litteratur och artiklar publicerade i vetenskapliga journaler har varit grunden till den studie som utförts under arbetet. Ett tillhandahållet styrsystem innehållande en typ av transportör har studerats för att få förståelse för dess funktion. För att simulera krävs en modell som representerar och uppför sig som systemet i fråga. Om simuleringen ska vara användbar måste modellen vara tillräckligt exakt. En väl fungerande simulering är till väldigt stor fördel då denna kan förhindra förseningar, ge bättre arbetsvillkor, spara pengar och öka säkerheten. Utifrån arbetets mål togs ett koncept fram för simuleringen av styrsystemet. Det framtagna konceptet skriver över värdena av de fysiska ingångarna innan de går in i styrlogiken. Varje transportör simuleras enskilt där de har en funktion som sparar positionen för de virtuella massabalarna på det egna bandet. Simuleringen visualiseras via ett HMI där balarnas förflyttning kan följas. Det framtagna konceptet visade sig fungera bra för att simulera det tillhandahållna styrsystemet. Stora delar kan med säkerhet återanvändas för andra typer av transportörer. Huruvida konceptet faktiskt kan hitta fel i styrsystem är däremot inte fastställt, men högst sannolikt. Slutsatsen som kan dras av det framtagna konceptet är att det har god potential för att simulera verkliga styrsystem om det vidareutvecklas, varigenom uppstartstiden kan förkortas. / Valmet do not have a method for testing the functionality of the control systems for the conveyors they deliver with their baling lines, as a result a lot of time is spent troubleshooting on site. They therefore seek a method which allows them to simulate these control systems to find and fix any faults in the code before delivery. Printed literature and articles published in scientific journals have been the foundation to the conducted study presented in this report. A code for a control system was provided and studied to gain understanding of its functionality. To simulate, a model which represents and behaves like the system to be simulated is required. If the simulation is to useful the model must be a sufficiently accurate representation of reality. A simulation has many advantages, it can prevent delays, save money, improve working conditions and safety. A concept for simulating this control system was developed during this thesis work. The concept overwrites the values of the physical sensors before the control logic. Every conveyor is simulated individually. The simulation has a function which saves the position of the virtual bale along the conveyor. The simulation is visualized in an HMI where the movement of the bales can be followed. The concept showed to worked very well to simulate the provided code. A large amount of the simulation should be possible to reuse when simulating other types of conveyors. Whether the concept will be able to detect faults in the code are though not confirmed, but most likely. The conclusion that can be drawn from the developed concept is that it has potential to simulate this type of control system if it is developed further, in which case the commissioning will be reduced.

<p>There are a number of ongoing projects developing autonomous vehicles, both helicopters and airplanes. The purpose of this thesis is to study a concept for calculating the height and attitude of a helicopter. The system will be active during landing. This thesis includes building an experimental setup and to develop algorithms and software.</p><p>The basic idea is to illuminate the ground with a certain pattern and in our case we used laser pointers to create this pattern. The ground is then filmed and the images are processed to extract the pattern. This provides us with information about the height and attitude of the helicopter. Furthermore, the concept implies that no equipment on the ground is needed. With further development the sensor should be able to calculate the movement of the underlying surface relative to the helicopter. This is very important when landing on a moving surface, e.g. a ship at sea.</p><p>To study the concept empirically an experimental setup was constructed. The setup provides us with the necessary information to evaluate how well the system could perform in reality. The setup is built with simple and cheap materials. In the setup an ordinary web camera and laser pointers that are avaliable for everyone have been used.</p> / <p>Det finns flera pågående projekt inom autonomflygande farkoster, både för helikoptrar och flygplan. Syftet med vårt examensarbetet är att undersöka ett koncept för en landningssensor för autonom landning med helikopter. Examensarbetet innebär att bygga en fysisk modell för test av konceptet samt att utveckla mjukvara.</p><p>Konceptet för sensorn består av att belysa marken med ett speciellt mönster, i vårt fall skapas mönstret av laserpekare, som därefter fotograferas och bildbehandlas. Detta mönster ger sedan information om helikopterns höjd och attityd i luften. Vidare innebär konceptet också att ingen markutrustning krävs för att sensorn ska fungera. I förlängningen ska man med detta koncept kunna beräkna hur underlaget rör sig relativt helikoptern, vilket är väldigt viktigt vid landning på objekt som rör sig, till exempel ett fartyg.</p><p>För att undersöka hur bra sensorn presterar i verkligheten så har en rigg byggts. Riggen är byggd med enkla och billiga material. I det här fallet används en webbkamera och laserpekare som går att köpa i vanliga elektronikaffärer.</p>

<p>Detta examensarbete är framtaget av SSAB:s ingenjörer i fabriken SSAB Oxelösund. Uppdraget består i att konstruera en ny hård- och mjukvara för en befintlig valsningsklocka.</p><p>Examensarbetet består av flera delar, där den första delen är att konstruera och välja komponenter till en prototyp av ny hårdvara till klockan. När delarna är valda kommer dem att testas med ett laborationskort med den valda processorn för att utvärdera att delarna är kompatibla innan den slutliga hårdvaran beställs.</p><p>Den andra består i att programmera mjukvara till processorn som kommer att vara kärnan till klockan. Processorn kommer att styra samt beräkna alla in- och utsignaler till alla komponenter som finns i klockan.</p><p>Den tredje och avslutande delen består av konstruera den slutgiltiga produkten med hjälp av CAD-verktyg. En layout med alla valda komponenter produceras.</p><p>Tanken med projektet är att man ska uppdatera äldre komponenter till nyare som är lättillgängligare att införskaffa. Det ska vara lättare att felsöka med hjälp av en enkel meny genom att ansluta kortet mot en dator. Man ska kunna använda samma mjuk- och hårdvara oavsett vilken av de två klocktyper som används.</p><p>Jag har fått olika resultat av skapandet av det nya prototypskortet. Det har varit mycket laborerande att hitta komponenter till hårdvaran för att få en fungerande prototyp till klockorna. Programmeringen av mjukvaran har varit lite varierande beroende på vilken A/D-omvandlare som har använts. I övrigt har de mesta arbetet gått åt att skapa en väl fungerande meny som ska fungera för båda klockorna. Tillverkning av en slutversion av prototypen är beställd men inte levererad. Programmeringen av Ethernet-kontrollen har inte hunnits med.</p><p>Fördelarna med det nya systemet är att det är lättare att hitta ersättningskomponenter vid reparation samt att menystyrd felsökning är snabb och enkel. Till exempel kan man med menystyrd felsökning se om A/D-omvandlarna får något värde eller om det är dålig anslutning mellan komponenterna. Med det nya systemet är det också möjligt att implementera ny mjukvara.</p> / <p>This thesis has been developed by SSAB´s engineers in the fabric SSAB Oxelösund. The assignment is to design a new hardware and software for a roller clock.</p><p>The thesis has several parts, where the first part is to construct and choose components to a prototype of the hardware to the watch. When the parts are chosen, they will be tested with an elaboration card with the chosen processor to be evaluated that the parts are compatible before the final hardware is ordered.</p><p>The second part is to program software for the processor that will be the core for the watch. The processor will be controlling and calculate all in signals and out signals to all components there is in the watch.</p><p>The third and the ending part are to construct the final product with help of CAD tools. A layout with all the chosen components produced.</p><p>The thought with the project is to update older components to newer ones that are more easily accessible to get. It shall be easier to debug with help of one simple menu by connecting the card against a computer. It will be able to use the same software and hardware to any kind of the two clock types that is in use.</p><p>I have got different results by creating the new prototype card. It has been a lot of elaborations to find the components to the hardware to get a functional prototype for the watches. Programming of the software has been a bit varying depending on what kind of A/D-converter has been used. Otherwise the most work of programming has been to create a functional menu that is functional for the both watches. The production of the final product of the prototype has been ordered but not yet delivered. Programming of the Ethernet control has not yet been managed.</p><p>The advantages with the new systems are it´s easier to get replacement parts at reparation and with the menu controlled error seeking it gets easier and quicker to find the errors. For an example it's possible with menu controlling to see if the A/D-converters gets any values or if there is bad connections between the components. With the new system it is also possible to implement new software.</p>

<p>Significant advanced development in the field of communication has led many designers and healthcare professionals to look towards wireless communication for the treatment of dreadful diseases. Implant medical device offers many benefits, but design of implantable device at very low power combines with high data rate is still a challenge. However, this device does not rely on external source of power. So, it is important to conserve every joule of energy to maximize the lifetime of a device. Choice of modulation technique, frequency band and data rate can be analyzed to maximize battery life.</p><p>In this thesis work, system level design of FSK and QPSK transmitter is presented. The proposed transmitter is based on direct conversion to RF architecture, which is known for low power application. Both the transmitters are designed and compared in terms of their performance and efficiency. The simulation results show the BER and constellation plots for both FSK and QPSK transmitter.</p>

<p>Since a few years, flat screen TVs, such as LCD and plasma, has come to completelydominate the market of televisions. In a SoC solution for digital TVs, severalprocessors are used to obtain a decent image quality. Some of the processorsneed temporal information, which means that whole frames need to be storedin memory, which in turn motivates the use of SDRAM memory. When higherdemands of resolution and image quality arrives, greater pressure is put on theperformance of the SoC memory subsystem, to not become a bottleneck of thesystem.</p><p>In this master thesis project, a model of an existing SoC for digital TVs is usedto benchmark and evaluate the performance of an SDRAM memory controllerarchitecture study. The two major features are the ability to reorder transactionsand the compatibility with DDR3. By introducing reordering of transactions, thechoice is given to the memory controller to service memory requests in an orderthat decreases bank conflicts and read/write turn arounds. Measurements showthat a utilization of 86.5 % of the total available bandwidth can be achieved, whichis 18.5 percentage points more, compared to an existing nonreordering memorycontroller developed by NXP.</p>

<p>This Bachelor thesis is a pre-study of the possibilities of using programmable logic in the purpose to enable fast trigger based data communication. Triggerbased data communication is in this case referred to a context where the processed data is stored and examined so when the trig situation appears the data should be able read out to a computer for evaluating. The purpose of this thesis is to find difficult and time consuming elements but also to find elements that is well suited for implementation in programmable logic. The work should also support further development and verification of trig functionalities and additional hardware. This with the intent of constructing an Ethernet based oscilloscope.</p><p>The result of this thesis is a conclusion that programmable logic is well suited for many of the implemented logic function</p>