Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LennedyCS_DISSERT.pdf: 3653783 bytes, checksum: 8a237d13a56a26f3a6ff1bf8c63bdede (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-22 / The several existing methods for oil artificial lifting and the variety of automation equipment for these methods many times lead the supervisory systems to be dedicated to a unique method and/or to a unique manufacturer. To avoid this problem, it has been developed the supervisory system named SISAL, conceived to supervise wells with different lifting methods and different automation equipments. The SISAL system is working in several Brazilian states but, nowadays, it is only supervising rod pump-based wells. The objective of this work is the development of a supervision module to the plunger lift artificial lift method. The module will have the same characteristics of working with automation hardware of many manufacturers. The module will be integrated to the SISAL system, incorporating the capacity to supervise the plunger lift artificial lift method. / Os v?rios m?todos de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo e os diferentes equipamentos de automa??o existentes muitas vezes levam a que os sistemas supervis?rios sejam dedicados a um ?nico m?todo e/ou a um ?nico fabricante de equipamentos. Para contornar este problema, foi desenvolvido o sistema SISAL, capaz de supervisionar po?os com diferentes m?todos de eleva??o e equipamentos de automa??o. Atualmente, o SISAL est? em opera??o em diversos po?os em v?rios estados do Brasil, supervisionando po?os de bombeio mec?nico. O objetivo deste trabalho ? desenvolver um m?dulo de supervis?o para o m?todo de eleva??o artificial plunger lift, com as mesmas caracter?sticas de poder trabalhar com hardwares de automa??o de diferentes fabricantes. O m?dulo desenvolvido ser? integrado ao SISAL, de forma a incorporar ao sistema a capacidade de supervisionar este novo m?todo de eleva??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RutacioOC_TESE_PARCIAL.pdf: 408685 bytes, checksum: 5bea29db0102078f885dab06d8188a0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-13 / The Electrical Submersible Pumping is an artificial lift method for oil wells employed in onshore and offshore areas. The economic revenue of the petroleum production in a well depends on the oil flow and the availability of lifting equipment. The fewer the failures, the lower the revenue shortfall and costs to repair it. The frequency with which failures occur depends on the operating conditions to which the pumps are submitted. In high-productivity offshore wells monitoring is done by operators with engineering support 24h/day, which is not economically viable for the land areas. In this context, the automation of onshore wells has clear economic advantages. This work proposes a system capable of automatically control the operation of electrical submersible pumps, installed in oil wells, by an adjustment at the electric motor rotation based on signals provided by sensors installed on the surface and subsurface, keeping the pump operating within the recommended range, closest to the well s potential. Techniques are developed to estimate unmeasured variables, enabling the automation of wells that do not have all the required sensors. The automatic adjustment, according to an algorithm that runs on a programmable logic controller maintains the flow and submergence within acceptable parameters avoiding undesirable operating conditions, as the gas interference and high engine temperature, without need to resort to stopping the engine, which would reduce the its useful life. The control strategy described, based on modeling of physical phenomena and operational experience reported in literature, is materialized in terms of a fuzzy controller based on rules, and all generated information can be accompanied by a supervisory system / O bombeio centr?fugo submerso ? um m?todo de eleva??o artificial de petr?leo empregado em ?reas terrestres ou mar?timas. A receita econ?mica da produ??o de petr?leo em um po?o depende da vaz?o de ?leo e da disponibilidade do equipamento de eleva??o. Quanto menos falhas, menores ser?o as receitas cessantes e os custos para repar?-las. A frequ?ncia com que as falhas ocorrem depende das condi??es operacionais ?s quais as bombas s?o submetidas. Em po?os mar?timos de alta produtividade o acompanhamento ? feito por operadores com suporte de engenharia 24h/dia, o que n?o ? economicamente vi?vel para as ?reas terrestres. Nesse contexto, a automa??o de po?os terrestres apresenta vantagens econ?micas claras. Neste trabalho ? proposto um sistema capaz de controlar automaticamente a opera??o de bombas centr?fugas submersas instaladas em po?os produtores de petr?leo, via ajuste na rota??o do motor el?trico, a partir de sensores instalados na superf?cie e subsuperf?cie, mantendo a bomba operando dentro da faixa recomendada, o mais pr?ximo poss?vel do potencial do po?o. S?o desenvolvidas t?cnicas de estimativa de vari?veis n?o medidas, possibilitando a automa??o de po?os que n?o possuem todos os sensores requeridos. O ajuste autom?tico, conforme um algoritmo que ? executado em um controlador l?gico program?vel, mant?m a vaz?o e a submerg?ncia dentro de par?metros aceit?veis, evitando condi??es operacionais indesej?veis como a interfer?ncia de g?s e a elevada temperatura do motor, sem a necessidade de recorrer ao desligamento do motor, o que reduziria a sua vida ?til. A estrat?gia de controle descrita, baseada na modelagem dos fen?menos f?sicos e na experi?ncia operacional registrada na literatura, ? materializada em termos de um controlador Fuzzy baseado em regras, sendo que todas as informa??es geradas podem ser acompanhadas por um sistema supervis?rio

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-04-26T19:45:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaGabrielaCamaraBatistaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1290926 bytes, checksum: 8d945ae20b850326ca6c815c81b574a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-29T19:00:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaGabrielaCamaraBatistaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1290926 bytes, checksum: 8d945ae20b850326ca6c815c81b574a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T19:00:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaGabrielaCamaraBatistaDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1290926 bytes, checksum: 8d945ae20b850326ca6c815c81b574a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / A doen?a arterial obstrutiva perif?rica (DAOP) ? uma patologia oclusiva cr?nica da circula??o arterial perif?rica causada principalmente por aterosclerose. Um dos m?todos cl?nicos propostos para avalia??o do endurance e fun??o muscular de membros inferiores ? o Heel Rise Test (HRT) ou teste de eleva??o do calcanhar, por?m sua capacidade de predizer a disfun??o causada pela DAOP e sua rela??o com a composi??o corporal n?o foram elucidados. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi avaliar o endurance da musculatura de membros inferiores, atrav?s do HRT, e a composi??o corporal em mulheres idosas com ?ndice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) compat?vel com a DAOP e mulheres com ITB Normal. Foram avaliadas 60 mulheres idosas, sendo 39 com ITB normal e 21 com ITB DAOP. A composi??o corporal foi quantificada atrav?s da bioimped?ncia el?trica multifrequencial segmentar direta. N?o foram observadas diferen?as marcantes de composi??o corporal entre grupos al?m de tend?ncia de menor valor de massa muscular em membros inferiores no grupo ITB DAOP. O n?mero de repeti??es no HRT apresentou correla??o com a composi??o corporal tanto de massa de gordura e suas porcentagens (Massa de gordura corporal r= -0,461, p<0,001; porcentagem de gordura corporal r= - 0,45, p<0,001; Porcentagem de gordura de tronco r= -0,584, p<0,0001; Massa de gordura de tronco r= -0,450, p<0,001), quanto de massa muscular em membros inferiores normalizada pelo peso (r= 0,434, p<0,001); contudo, n?o houve correla??o com o ITB que apenas correlacionou-se com a velocidade de realiza??o do teste (r= -0,300; p=0,019). Embora apresente correla??o com a composi??o corporal, sobretudo massa muscular de membros inferiores e seja ?til para avalia??o da endurance muscular de membros inferiores, padroniza??es dos par?metros do HRT s?o necess?rias para que o teste tenha sensibilidade no diagn?stico e determina??o da progress?o da DAOP em mulheres. / Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a chronic atherosclerotic pathology caused by occlusion of peripheral arterial circulation. The standing Heel Rise Test (HRT) has been recommended as a relevant clinical instrument to evaluate endurance and muscular performance in the lower limbs; however, its capacity to predict disability resulted from PAD and its relation to body composition has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscular endurance of the lower limbs using the Heel Rise Test, and to compare body composition through ankle-brachial index in elderly women with and without PAD. Sixty women were evaluated, where 39 presented normal ankle-brachial index and 21 with PAD. The body composition was mensured by segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. There were no significant differences in body composition between groups apart tendency to lower muscular mass in lower limbs on the group of ankle-brachial index with PAD. The number of repetitions on HRT showed correlation with body composition regarding body fat percentages (Fat mass r= -0,461, p<0,001; Percentage body fat r= -0,45, p<0,001; Percentage trunk mass r= -0,584, p<0,0001; Fat trunk mass r= -0,45, p<0,001) and muscular mass in lower limbs normalized by the weight; nevertheless, there was no correlation with ankle-brachial index, that was only associated with the velocity performed on the test (r= -0,3001, p=0,019). While HRT has correlation with body composition, particularly with lower limb muscular mass, and presents effectiveness in evaluating muscular endurance in lower limbs, standardization of the test parameters is necessary in order to have sensitivity in the diagnosis and determinations of PAD progression in women.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonASS_TESE.pdf: 3250611 bytes, checksum: 4e87cd6efd2a74f4715e56d6e2aa0064 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03 / This work introduces a new method for environment mapping with three-dimensional information from visual information for robotic accurate navigation. Many approaches of 3D mapping using occupancy grid typically requires high computacional effort to both build and store the map. We introduce an 2.5-D occupancy-elevation grid mapping, which is a discrete mapping approach, where each cell stores the occupancy probability, the height of the terrain at current place in the environment and the variance of this height. This 2.5-dimensional representation allows that a mobile robot to know whether a place in the environment is occupied by an obstacle and the height of this obstacle, thus, it can decide if is possible to traverse the obstacle. Sensorial informations necessary to construct the map is provided by a stereo vision system, which has been modeled with a robust probabilistic approach, considering the noise present in the stereo processing. The resulting maps favors the execution of tasks like decision making in the autonomous navigation, exploration, localization and path planning. Experiments carried out with a real mobile robots demonstrates that this proposed approach yields useful maps for robot autonomous navigation / Este trabalho apresenta um novo m?todo de mapeamento de ambientes com rob?s m?veis com informa??es tridimensionais para navega??o. Muitas abordagens de mapeamento 3D, usam o m?todo em grade de ocupa??o, o que resulta no uso de muito recurso computacional tanto na constru??o como no armazenamento desses mapas. A presente pesquisa apresenta o mapeamento 2,5-D em grade de ocupa??o-eleva??o, a qual ? definida como uma representa??o discreta, onde cada c?lula armazena uma probabilidade de ocupa??o, a altura do espa?o mapeado e a vari?ncia desse valor de altura. Essa representa??o permite que um rob? m?vel tenha a ci?ncia se um lugar do seu ambiente est? ocupado por um obst?culo e qual a altura desse obst?culo. Dessa forma, ele pode decidir se ? poss?vel navegar sobre o obst?culo ou n?o, de acordo com suas habilidades motoras. As informa??es sensoriais necess?rias para construir o mapa s?o providas por um sistema de vis?o est?reo, o qual foi modelado atrav?s de uma robusta an?lise estat?stica, considerando os ru?dos presentes no processamento est?reo. Os mapas resultantes favorecem a execu??o de tarefas como tomadas de decis?es na navega??o aut?noma, explora??o, localiza??o e planejamento de caminhos. Experimentos pr?ticos reais mostram que o m?todo de mapeamento apresentado ? ?til para a navega??o de rob?s aut?nomos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvellyneSBpdf.pdf: 1159066 bytes, checksum: 300fe338752c295fd279c5c695b984a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-26 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) has been one of the most appropriate solutions for lifting method in onshore and offshore applications. The typical features for this application are adverse temperature, viscosity fluids and gas environments. The difficulties in equipments maintenance and setup contributing to increasing costs of oil production in deep water, therefore, the optimization through automation can be a excellent approach for decrease costs and failures in subsurface equipment. This work describe a computer simulation related with the artificial lifting method ESP. This tool support the dynamic behavior of ESP approach, considering the source and electric energy transmission model for the motor, the electric motor model (including the thermal calculation), flow tubbing simulation, centrifugal pump behavior simulation with liquid nature effects and reservoir requirements. In addition, there are tri-dimensional animation for each ESP subsytem (transformer, motor, pump, seal, gas separator, command unit). This computer simulation propose a improvement for monitoring oil wells for maximization of well production. Currenty, the proprietaries simulators are based on specific equipments manufactures. Therefore, it is not possible simulation equipments of another manufactures. In the propose approach there are support for diverse kinds of manufactures equipments / Bombeio Centr?fugo Submerso (BCS) tem se mostrado uma das solu??es mais adequadas como m?todo de eleva??o em aplica??es onshore e offshore. As caracter?sticas t?picas desssas aplica??es s?o condi??es adversas de temperatura, fluidos viscosos e ambientes gaseificados. As dificuldades encontradas na manuten??o e instala??o de equipamentos s?o fatores que oneram a produ??o de petr?leo em ?guas profundas, com isso, a otimiza??o via automa??o, pode ser um passo fundamental para a redu??o de custos e falhas nos equipamentos de subsuperf?cie. Este trabalho apresenta um simulador computacional relacionado ao m?todo de eleva??o artificial BCS. A ferramenta representa o comportamento din?mico, considerando a transmiss?o de energia el?trica da superf?cie ao motor, modelo do motor el?trico (incluindo o efeito t?rmico), simula??o do escoamento na tubula??o, simula??o do comportamento da bomba centr?fuga, levando em considera??o os efeitos da natureza do l?quido e os aspectos do reservat?rio. Adicionalmente, s?o encontrados anima??es tridimensionais para cada subsistema BCS (transformador, motor, bomba, selo ou protetor, separador de g?s e quadro de comando). O simulador computacional prop?e uma melhoria no acompanhamento de po?os de petr?leo visando o aumento da produtividade do po?o. Atualmente, os simuladores comerciais est?o baseados em equipamentos espec?ficos do fabricante, dificultando obter resultados com outros equipamentos. Na t?cnica proposta, existe suporte para diversos fabricantes

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EwertonAPM.pdf: 3120304 bytes, checksum: ff33c0c9ca20630c0130f326f67a029e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-17 / Amongst the results of the AutPoc Project - Automation of Wells, established between UFRN and Petrobras with the support of the CNPq, FINEP, CTPETRO, FUNPEC, was developed a simulator for equipped wells of oil with the method of rise for continuous gas-lift. The gas-lift is a method of rise sufficiently used in production offshore (sea production), and its basic concept is to inject gas in the deep one of the producing well of oil transform it less dense in order to facilitate its displacement since the reservoir until the surface. Based in the use of tables and equations that condense the biggest number of information on characteristics of the reservoir, the well and the valves of gas injection, it is allowed, through successive interpolations, to simulate representative curves of the physical behavior of the existing characteristic variable. With a simulator that approaches a computer of real the physical conditions of an oil well is possible to analyze peculiar behaviors with very bigger speeds, since the constants of time of the system in question well are raised e, moreover, to optimize costs with assays in field. The simulator presents great versatility, with prominance the analysis of the influence of parameters, as the static pressure, relation gas-liquid, pressure in the head of the well, BSW (Relation Basic Sediments and Water) in curves of request in deep of the well and the attainment of the curve of performance of the well where it can be simulated rules of control and otimization. In moving the rules of control, the simulator allows the use in two ways of simulation: the application of the control saw software simulated enclosed in the proper simulator, as well as the use of external controllers. This implies that the simulator can be used as tool of validation of control algorithms. Through the potentialities above cited, of course one another powerful application for the simulator appears: the didactic use of the tool. It will be possible to use it in formation courses and recycling of engineers / Dentre os resultados do Projeto AutPoc &#150; Automa??o de Po?os, estabelecido entre UFRN e Petrobras com o apoio do CNPq, FINEP, CTPETRO, FUNPEC, foi desenvolvido um simulador para po?os de petr?leo equipados com o m?todo de eleva??o por gas-lift cont?nuo. O gas-lift ? um m?todo de eleva??o bastante utilizado em produ??o offshore (produ??o marinha), e seu conceito fundamental ? injetar g?s no fundo do po?o produtor de petr?leo tornando-o menos denso de modo a facilitar seu deslocamento desde o reservat?rio at? a superf?cie. Baseado na utiliza??o de tabelas e equa??es que condensam o maior n?mero de informa??es sobre caracter?sticas do reservat?rio, do po?o e das v?lvulas de inje??o de g?s, ? permitido, atrav?s de sucessivas interpola??es, simular curvas representativas do comportamento f?sico das vari?veis caracter?sticas existentes. Com um simulador que aproxime um computador das condi??es f?sicas reais de um po?o de petr?leo ? poss?vel analisar comportamentos peculiares com velocidades muito maiores, visto que as constantes de tempo do sistema em quest?o s?o bem elevadas e, al?m disso, otimizar custos com ensaios em campo. O simulador apresenta grande versatilidade, destacadamente a an?lise da influ?ncia de par?metros, como a press?o est?tica, raz?o g?s-l?quido, press?o na cabe?a do po?o, BSW (Basic Sediments and Water) em curvas de solicita??o no fundo do po?o e a obten??o da curva de desempenho do po?o onde pode-se simular regras de controle e otimiza??o. No tocante as regras de controle, o simulador permite a utiliza??o em dois modos de simula??o: a aplica??o do controle via software simulado inclu?do no pr?prio simulador, bem como a utiliza??o de controladores externos. Isto implica que o simulador pode ser utilizado como ferramenta de valida??o de algoritmos de controle. Atrav?s das potencialidades acima citadas, naturalmente surge uma outra poderosa aplica??o para o simulador: a utiliza??o did?tica da ferramenta. Ser? poss?vel utiliz?-lo em cursos de forma??o e reciclagem de engenheiros

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoBS.pdf: 821976 bytes, checksum: 45f7062b292e641f0f7e595b2b356d60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-04 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The using of supervision systems has become more and more essential in accessing, managing and obtaining data of industrial processes, because of constant and frequent developments in industrial automation. These supervisory systems (SCADA) have been widely used in many industrial environments to store process data and to control the processes in accordance with some adopted strategy. The SCADA s control hardware is the set of equipments that execute this work. The SCADA s supervision software accesses process data through the control hardware and shows them to the users. Currently, many industrial systems adopt supervision softwares developed by the same manufacturer of the control hardware. Usually, these softwares cannot be used with other equipments made by distinct manufacturers. This work proposes an approach for developing supervisory systems able to access process information through different control hardwares. An architecture for supervisory systems is &#64257;rst de&#64257;ned, in order to guarantee ef&#64257;ciency in communication and data exchange. Then, the architecture is applied in a supervisory system to monitor oil wells that use distinct control hardwares. The implementation was modeled and veri&#64257;ed by using the formal method of the Petri networks. Finally, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution / A utiliza??o de sistemas de supervis?o tem se tornado cada vez mais essencial ao acesso, gerenciamento e obten??o de dados dos processos industriais, devido ao constante e frequente desenvolvimento da automa??o industrial. Estes sistemas supervis?rios (SCADA) t?m sido amplamente utilizados em diversos ambientes industriais para armazenar dados do processo e control?-lo de acordo com alguma estrat?gia adotada. O hardware de controle de um sistema SCADA ? o conjunto de equipamentos respons?veis pela execu??o desta tarefa. O software de supervis?o SCADA acessa os dados dos processos atrav?s do hardware de controle e torna-os dispon?veis para os usu?rios. Atualmente, muitos sistemas de automa??o industrial utilizam softwares de supervis?o desenvolvidos pelo mesmo fabricante do hardware de controle. Normalmente, estes softwares n?o podem ser usados com equipamentos de controle de outros fabricantes. Este trabalho prop?e uma metodologia de desenvolvimento de sistemas de supervis?o capaz de acessar informa??es dos processos atrav?s de diferentes equipamentos de controle. Inicialmente, defini-se uma arquitetura para sistemas supervis?rios que garanta comunica??o e troca de dados eficientes. Em seguida, a arquitetura ? aplicada em um sistema de supervis?o de po?os de petr?leo que utilizam diferentes equipamentos de controle. A implementa??o foi modelada utilizando o m?todo formal de redes de Petri. Os resultados s?o apresentados para demonstrar a aplicabilidade da solu??o proposta

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipePMA_DISSERT.pdf: 3715487 bytes, checksum: 630bbbaabad6ec787270701f99c61fb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-18 / A critical problem in mature gas wells is the liquid loading. As the reservoir pressure decreases, gas superficial velocities decreases and the drag exerted on the liquid phase may become insufficient to bring all the liquid to the surface. Liquid starts to drain downward, flooding the well and increasing the backpressure which decreases the gas superficial velocity and so on. A popular method to remedy this problem is the Plunger Lift. This method consists of dropping the "plunger"to the bottom of the tubing well with the main production valve closed. When the plunger reaches the well bottom the production valve is opened and the plunger carry the liquid to the surface. However, models presented in literature for predicting the behavior in plunger lift are simplistic, in many cases static (not considering the transient effects). Therefore work presents the development and validation of a numerical algorithm to solve one-dimensional compressible in gas wells using the Finite Volume Method and PRIME techniques for treating coupling of pressure and velocity fields. The code will be then used to develop a dynamic model for the plunger lift which includes the transient compressible flow within the well / Um problema cr?tico em po?os maduros de g?s ? a carga l?quida. Quando a press?o do reservat?rio diminui, a velocidade superficial diminui e o arrasto exercido na fase l?quida pode se tornar insuficiente para trazer todo o l?quido para a superf?cie. O l?quido come?a a drenar para baixo, afogando o po?o e aumentando a contrapress?o, a qual diminui a velocidade superficial, e assim por diante. Um m?todo popular para remediar esse problema ? o plunger lift. Esse m?todo consiste em derrubar um plunger na fundo coluna de produ??o com a v?lvula principal fechada. Quando o plunger alcan?a o fundo do po?o a v?lvula de produ??o ? aberta e o plunger carrega o l?quido para a superf?cie. Atualmente, os modelos presentes na literatura para prever o comportamento do plunger s?o simplistas, em muitos casos est?ticos (n?o consideram efeitos transientes). Assim, esse trabalho apresenta e valida um algor?timo num?rico para resolver escoamentos em po?os de g?s usando o M?todo dos Volumes Finitos e a t?cnica PRIME para tratar o acoplamento da press?o e velocidade. Esse modelo ser? usado para desenvolver modelos din?micos para plunger lift que incluem efeitos transientes e compress?veis nos escoamentos em po?os

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-24T12:15:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OsmarDeAraujoDouradoJunior_TESE.pdf: 3621125 bytes, checksum: ac4c7dbcd5830c2fa16d1e8be1ae3ee1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-26T14:00:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 OsmarDeAraujoDouradoJunior_TESE.pdf: 3621125 bytes, checksum: ac4c7dbcd5830c2fa16d1e8be1ae3ee1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T14:00:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OsmarDeAraujoDouradoJunior_TESE.pdf: 3621125 bytes, checksum: ac4c7dbcd5830c2fa16d1e8be1ae3ee1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-19 / O objetivo desta Tese ? apresentar um Estimador de Estado para po?os de Plunger Lift com base no algoritmo Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). O estimador de estado ? uma opera??o conjunta da aplica??o para o modelo din?mico de Plunger Lift (PL) na abordagem de Espa?o de Estados e algoritmo EKF. O modelo ? constitu?do por um conjunto de equa??es diferenciais e alg?bricas (DAEs) discretas e modeladas na forma de equa??es no espa?o de estados, levando em conta os sinais de medi??o na presen?a de ru?do. O algoritmo EKF ? aplicado ao modelo de espa?o de estado, resultando num estimador de estado capaz de processar o sinal de medi??o, proporcionando assim estimativas das vari?veis de estado, que neste problema s?o a velocidade da golfada e a press?o no topo do revestimento. A simula??o computacional realizada com dados de um po?o real ? apresentada e os resultados mostraram que o estimador de estados proposto ? capaz de fornecer predi??es para po?os de petr?leo operados por PL. / The aim of this Thesis is to present a State Estimator for Plunger Lift wells based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm. The state estimator is a joint operation of the application for the Plunger Lift (PL) dynamic model in State Space approach and EKF algorithm. The model is constituted by a set of discrete differential algebraic equations (DAEs) discretized and modeled in the form of equations in state space taking into account the measurement signals in the presence of noise. EKF algorithm is applied to the state space model, resulting in a state estimator able to process the measurement signal thus providing estimates of the state variables, that in this problem are slug velocity and casinghead pressure. The computational simulation performed with data from a real well is presented and the results showed that the state estimator proposed is able to provide predictions for oil wells operated by PL.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T21:15:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OrildoDeLimaESilva_DISSERT.pdf: 10653683 bytes, checksum: a0aad2b3ae9ff3382f46da744b549427 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-07T22:08:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 OrildoDeLimaESilva_DISSERT.pdf: 10653683 bytes, checksum: a0aad2b3ae9ff3382f46da744b549427 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T22:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OrildoDeLimaESilva_DISSERT.pdf: 10653683 bytes, checksum: a0aad2b3ae9ff3382f46da744b549427 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / Este estudo teve seu foco em dados de superf?cie e sub-superf?cie rasa, permitindo a caracteriza??o da evolu??o recente do carste epig?nico em quatro est?gios. Durante o Est?gio 1 as fraturas foram abertas pelo processo de dissolu??o, as quais formaram caminhos verticais em escala centim?trica ? m?trica. O conjunto mais abrangente de fraturas concentra a dissolu??o. Ao longo de camadas horizontais intersectadas pelas fraturas tamb?m se observa dissolu??o intraestratal e interestratal. Este sistema de canaliza??o forneceu os caminhos para o fluxo de ?gua, gerando avan?ada lixivia??o. A expans?o alargamento desses condutos em sub-superf?cie ocasiona no Est?gio 2 a queda de blocos, gera??o de dolinas e cavernas. Durante o Est?gio 3, a propaga??o da dissolu??o horizontal e vertical ao longo de fraturas e camadas causam coalesc?ncia de dolinas e captura de pequenos riachos que evoluem para vales incisos e canyons, como pode ser observado no Riacho do Livramento, afluente do rio Apodi-Mossor?, descrito na ?rea III deste estudo. Processos fluviais dominam a dissolu??o do carste durante o Est?gio 4, onde os sedimentos aluviais que recobrem a superf?cie c?rstica carbon?tica, resultando no preenchimento e posterior soterramento de cavernas e dolinas ao longo do vale. Observou-se assim que a influ?ncia do controle tect?nico e do acamamento sedimentar ocorre em todas as fases de evolu??o do carste, resultando nas diversas estruturas e formas de relevo coexistentes espacialmente e que se sucedem, temporalmente, durante os diversos est?gios descritos. Os dados aqui apresentados corroboram os resultados obtidos em outros estudos utilizando dados de GPR, po?os e levantamentos s?smicos, tanto na Bacia Potiguar como em outras bacias sedimentares que evidenciaram que tais estruturas podem ser preservadas ap?s o soterramento. / This research analyzes different types of karst landforms and their relationships with fracture systems, sedimentary bedding, and fluvial processes. We mapped karst features in Cretaceous carbonates of the Janda?ra Formation in the Potiguar Basin, Brazil. The study area is a semi-arid region, with low annual rainfall (600mm) and high evaporation (2000mm). We used high-resolution digital elevation models acquired by Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and aerial ortophotographs acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This study focuses on surface and near surface process and grouped karst evolution into four stages. Fractures were opened by dissolution, which form vertical fluid pathways during stage 1 in a centimetric to metric scale. The most pervasive set of fracture concentrates the dissolution. Coeval intrastratal and interstratal dissolution occurred along horizontal layers, which bound dissolved fractures. This conduit system acted as pathways for water flow, which caused advanced leaching. The enlargement of conduits in subsurface contributed to the collapse of blocks, generation of sinkholes, and caves expansion in stage 2. During stage 3, propagation of horizontal and vertical dissolution along fractures and layers cause coalescence of sinkholes and capture of small streams. Fluvial processes dominate karst dissolution during stage 4, where alluvial sediments that caps the carbonate karst surface and fill caves and sinkholes along the valley. Tectonic and sedimentary bedding control all stages of karst evolution and resulting structures and landforms formed during these stages coexist. Comparisons with GPR, borehole and seismic surveys in sedimentary basins indicate that these structures are preserved after burial.