1 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacognosy Student: Kateřina Šandová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Kašparová, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Plant tissue cultures as a potential source of phenylpropanoids II. This diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of jasmonic acid biotic elicitation impact on the production of podophyllotoxin in Juniperus virginiana suspension culture. The monitoring was carried out in two varieties of J. virginiana: var. 'Glauca' (7th and 19th passage) and var. 'Hetzii' (7th passage). The elicitation of the suspension culture was performed in 4 jasmonic acid concentrations: 0.005 mmol/l, 0.05 mmol/l, 0.5 mmol/l, 5 mmol/l. Samples were taken after 6, 24, 48 and 168 hours of elicitation. The best podophyllotoxin production increase was observed in the suspension culture of Juniperus virginiana var. 'Glauca' (7th passage). To achieve this result, the concentration of elicitor was 5 mmol/l and elicitor was applied for 168 hours. The podophyllotoxin production percentage was 0.067% and production increased by 179% over the control. Keywords: Juniperus virginiana, suspension cultures, podophyllotoxin, elicitation

[pt] Esta dissertação estuda um meio de identificar e selecionar fontes de informação a serem utilizadas na fase de elicitação de requisitos. Utilizamos uma estratégia de identificação e seleção de fontes de informação baseada na modelagem de um Universo de Informações com o uso de uma linguagem de representação gráfica e uma técnica de classificação das fontes de informação que compõem este Universo. Todo o processo é feito com o uso de uma ferramenta de software que dá apoio à execução do método. A ferramenta auxilia no registro das fontes elicitadas e sua consolidação, além de auxiliar na geração de alguns artefatos reduzindo consideravelmente o retrabalho. Um estudo de caso foi efetuado em um problema real de uma empresa de energia, com o objetivo de avaliar os ganhos do uso de uma abordagem estruturada na identificação de fontes de informação ao invés do uso de uma abordagem ad hoc. / [en] This dissertation studies means to identify and select information sources to be used in the requirements elicitation phase. We used an information sources identification and selection strategy based on the modeling of a Universe of Discourse with the use of a graphical representation language and a classification technique of the sources which compose such Universe. The full process is done with the use of a software tool which supports the application of the method. The tool helps in the recording of elicited information sources and its consolidation, besides aiding in the production of some artifacts with a considerable rework reduction. A case study was carried out in a real world problem in an energy company, with the aim of evaluating the gains obtained from the usage of a structured approach for the identification of information sources instead of the use of an ad-hoc approach.

This research was designed to elicit insights from the implausibly-hushed stakeholders of graduate employability - current undergraduates. (Johnston, 2003; Moreau and Leathwood, 2006; Tymon, 2013). It is argued that previous rare attempts to probe students about employability have utilised methods, frameworks and/ or language that reflect dominant discourses of employability, so encouraging capitulation to existing perspectives; and have focussed mainly on alumni rather than current undergraduates. It is hypothesised that graphic elicitation is an apt data capture practice by reflecting the epistemologies and practice of its thirty-seven final-year graphic design undergraduate respondents at eight art and design institutes across the United Kingdom. My version of graphic elicitation was theatricalised through large sign-writing pens on expansive golden 'safety' blankets, emphasising to respondents both the process and the artefacts of production. The analytical framework was phenomenography, selected for its claim to reveal the range of experiences that respondents have of a target phenomenon (Åkerlind, 2012). This contrasts with other qualitative frameworks that focus on finding commonalities of experience. The multi-step, iterative analysis led to several phenomenographic outcome spaces, elaborating the extent of ways that undergraduates experience and perceive the construct of employability within their education and beyond. The outcomes were incorporated to an interactive interface to address a key criticism of phenomenography - that individuals' conceptions are forsaken by its reductive practice (Säljö, 1997). This element of my practice is proof of concept of an interactive phenomenographic outcome space, in which the categories of the outcome space can be drilled-down to associated underlying conceptions. The thesis describes the reason for, and elaborates, my inquisitive graphic practice with students, and discusses the outcomes. The accompanying praxis document supports the telling, from production of graphic artefact, via photographic recording of the artefacts and iterative analysis, to the phenomenographic outcome spaces and interface. The thesis concludes with an elaboration of what has been revealed, and what might be elaborated by subsequent practice.

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Les troubles alimentaires à l’adolescence se retrouvent dans divers contextes socio-économiques et constituent une importante question de santé publique au Brésil. Néanmoins, les liens entre la famile, l’alimentation et les troubles alimentaires sont encore peu explorés, spécifiquement au Nord-Est du Brésil. Notre objectif est d’analyser la place de la nourriture dans les relations familiales d’adolescentes brésiliennes anorexiques et boulimiques. Nous avons utilisé une méthode qualitative, exploratoire, auprès d’un échantillon de vingt-six sujets, dont huit familles, quatre anorexiques, quatre boulimiques, âgées de 12 à 18 ans, huit mères, quatre pères, cinq grand-mères et une soeur dans deux services de santé publique, CETRATA et PRONUTRA à Fortaleza-Ceará, au Nord-Est du Brésil. Nous les avons ensuite interrogés grâce à l’outil de photo-elicitation. La photographie d’un repas familial prise par l’adolescente a servi de base à l’entretien semi-structuré. L’analyse des entretiens a été réalisée à l’aide de l’Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). L’analyse des résultats a permis d’analyser deux facteurs importants : la relation duelle parent-adolescente et le fonctionnement du groupe familial. Les résultats mettent en lumière un contrôle paternel très important dans la gestion de l’alimentation dans le groupe anorexie. La nourriture est apparue comme un moyen trouvé par l’adolescente anorexique et boulimique pour élaborer leurs situations de perte et de deuil. L’adolescente réorganise ses liens affectifs dans un mouvement paradoxal de demande de contrôle par l’autre, qu’elle-même contrôle en retour. Il semble y avoir, spécifiquement, dans l’anorexie, une délégation de la part des parents de soin aux personnes tierces, représentées par la famille élargie et les personnes appartenant aux systèmes extrafamiliaux. Différents conflits entre les sous-systèmes autour de la nourriture ont une fonction structurante pour le système familial, même s’il s’agit de le maintenir dans un état dysfonctionnel. Ces conflits affaiblissent la cohésion familiale dans l’anorexie et la boulimie. Un affaiblissement des règles et une informalité autour de l’organisation d’un repas sont apparus comme une manière d’échapper à la rigidité des rôles que le trouble alimentaire de la fille impose aux parents. Il semblerait que le mode d’organisation de repas familiaux ne reflète pas nécessairement le mode de fonctionnement de la famille. L’un des résultats les plus importants que notre étude sont conflits transgénérationnels.Nous avons trouvé des divergences entre la génération des parents et celle des grand-mères concernant la façon d’éduquer l’enfant et la transmission de rituels. Ces divergences semblent donc affaiblir le sentiment d’appartenance de l’adolescente à la famille à travers la nourriture. L’ensemble de nos résultats montrent la nécessité de travailler autour du processus séparation-individuation de l’adolescente brésilienne anorexique et boulimique de manière à concilier l’identité individuelle et familiale et favoriser son autonomisation. / Eating disorders in adolescence occur in various socioeconomic contexts in Brazil and are thus an important public health issue there. Nevertheless, the link between family, food and eating disorders has been very little explored, especially in northeastern Brazil. Our main goal was to examine the role of food in family relationships of Brazilian teenagers with anorexia and bulimia. We used an exploratory qualitative method to analyze interviews with 8 families and twenty-six individuals: four adolescents with anorexia and four others with bulimia, aged 12 to 18 years, with eight mothers, four fathers, five grandmothers, and one sister of a teenager with bulimia, referred through two public health centers (CETRATA and PRONUTRA) in Fortaleza-Ceara, in northeastern Brazil. Applying the technique of photoelicitation, we used a photograph of a family meal taken by the adolescent as the basis for the semi-structured interviews, analyzed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The results revealed two important superordinate themes: the parent-teenager relationship and the functioning of the family group. Results highlighted important paternal control in anorexia nervosa. Food appeared to be a means enabling adolescents with anorexia and bulimia to deal their situations of loss and grief. They appear to reorganize their emotional ties in a paradoxical movement by which they request to be controlled by another, who in turn they control. In anorexia, in particular, parents appear to delegate to third parties (the extended family and persons belonging to non-family systems) the role of monitoring the girl’s food supply. Different types of conflict around food between the subsystems, including that of siblings, seem to be necessary to maintain the family system, albeit dysfunctionally, and they weaken family cohesion. Loosening of the rules and informality around organization of meals has emerged as a way to escape the rigidity of the roles that daughters’ eating disorders impose on parents. One of the most important results of our study is the existence of transgenerational conflicts. We found divergences between the parents’ generation and that of the grandmothers concerning the ways of raising children and transmitting rituals. These divergences thus seem to weaken these teenaged girls’ feelings of belonging to the family through food. Overall, the results show the need for work around the separation-individuation process in Brazilian girls with anorexia and bulimia to help reconcile their individual and family identities and to promote their autonomy.

Le cycle de l‟information, de la collecte à la dissémination, est central en intelligence économique. D‟autre part, depuis quelques années, le web 2.0, le web inscriptible a modifié la face d‟internet. Nos travaux ont pour sujet l‟étude de l‟impact que ce fameux web 2.0 a sur le cycle en question et nous proposons des méthodes et outils afin de tirer parti de ce nouveau paradigme, et ce, pour chaque étape du cycle / The information cycle, from collection to dissemination is a cornerstone in competitive intelligence. On the other hand, in recent years, web 2.0, writable web, changed the face of the Internet. Our work is to study about the impact that web 2.0 has on the famous cycle and propose methods and tools to take advantage of this new paradigm, and this for each stage of the cycle

<p>The Systems Dynamics literature demonstrates that individuals have difficulty understanding and working with systems concepts. To model Systems Dynamics (SD), researchers suggest that clients contract with a modeling team to formulate the problem, elicit the mental models of employees at the client, and use software-based simulation tools. This approach is both time-intensive and costly, limiting its use by organizations. This two-part study piloted the Independent Systems Dynamics Elicitation Method (ISDEM), a new method that may be self-administered by teams to reveal individuals' mental models. The first study, a between-subjects design, compared undergraduate participants' responses on the Systems-Based Inquiry Protocol (S-BI) to the ISDEM. Participants reported more relationships and feedback loops using the ISDEM, and obtained significantly higher Systemic Reasoning Level scores. In Study 2, groups of undergraduate participants were asked to brainstorm and develop a collective model of an issue of university interest, using either their typical brainstorming methods, or the ISDEM. Independent coders rated the ISDEM significantly more informative, clear and useful than the control models. In sum, the ISDEM did a significantly better job eliciting individuals' mental models of systems dynamics than traditional measures, and is a valuable new tool for organizations to use to map systemic phenomenon.</p> / Dissertation

In an increasingly changing environment, different organizations are trying to improve their agility and efficiency by improving their business processes; thus, business process management has been gaining momentum for the last decade. The first step in business process management is the modeling of business processes. Business Process Modeling (BPM), in itself, is very important because it captures business requirements, allows for better understanding of a business and its processes, facilitates communication between business analysts and IT people, and pinpoints deficiencies in processes. It also serves as a basis for automation of these processes. But business process modeling comes with its own challenges since it is a time-consuming, complicated, and error-prone task. As a result, producing a high quality, precise business process model is not easy. BPM patterns, which are general reusable solutions to commonly occurring problems in business process modeling, have been proposed to address these challenges. In this research, we conducted an exploratory study about requirements engineering practices in a large organization. This study identified key challenges in requirements engineering and showed how business process modeling is currently being conducted. Then, we created a survey of the different BPM pattern catalogs existing in the literature. Finally, we presented one of the BPM pattern catalogs in a clear format along with examples of each pattern. The ultimate objective is to allow business analysts to effectively use BPM patterns while creating precise BP models.

Current trends in education and school architecture reflect a growing awareness of the interconnectedness of people and spaces. Spaces acquire meaning through the experiences of those who use them and can contribute to the development of a sense of place. Purpose-built schools have long been valued and built in Iceland. The broad purpose of this study was to explore Icelandic students’ perceptions of their purpose-built school. Specific research questions included: (a) What spaces in purpose-built schools are important to students? (b) What happens in these spaces? (c) What meaning, if any, do these identified spaces hold for students? and (d) In ascribing meaning to some of the identified spaces, do students develop a sense of place? This phenomenological research initiative used an emergent design methodology. Seven Grade 9 and three Grade 10 students were recruited for this study. Primary data sources included students’ photographs of important school spaces, individual photo-elicitation interviews, and walking tours. Participants identified 25 important school spaces and 7 issues of concern within these spaces. Further analysis examined participants’ complex construction of importance and meaning. Participants described that school spaces were more likely to become meaningful places, when the design of the educational facility was in harmony with students’ experiences. The results of this study should raise awareness of the importance of building such schools in Canada and encourage the inclusion of students’ unique perspectives in the design of future schools. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-23 14:39:27.1

The discovery that it is possible to identify an individual before the onset of first episode psychosis and that treatment may prevent or delay onset have led to a proliferation of early intervention clinics designed to intervene before symptoms of psychosis have fully appeared. Early intervention has generated considerable debate, given the risks associated with intervening and that the majority of those identified will never develop full-blown psychosis. Despite potential stigmatizing effects, little is known about young people’s views regarding the favourable and/or adverse consequences of early intervention. This research examines the experiences and meaning of illness in young people identified as being at ultra high risk for psychosis and participating in a psychological intervention program. Specifically, the study uses photo elicitation to explore how participants construct and interpret their experiences, and the impact an at risk label has on their sense of self, identity, and social relationships. Five young people were invited to photograph their daily experiences at home, at school, and in the community. The participants and I then analyzed the photographs together in a photo elicitation interview. I further analyzed the visual and textual data from an interactionist perspective, exploring the concept of stigma and its relationship to young people’s experiences. Visual and narrative data revealed that young people reject their at risk status and redefine their experiences to fit with more acceptable and familiar notions of health. Participants are conscious of the stigma associated with psychosis and actively undertake strategies of resistance to avoid stigmatization and uphold a normal self conception and social impression. Photo elicitation provided insight and understanding into the experiences of young people at risk for psychosis that were not available through more traditional methods. The results from this study support the call for a reconsideration of the psychosis risk paradigm. There is a need to increase awareness about the power of diagnostic information and the labeling process. Non-specialized settings such as schools and community health centres may offer more appropriate environments for mental health monitoring and intervention.