Chan, Sheung Tat. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Literature review --- p.5 / Chapter 3 --- The model --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- The maximization problem --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Steady state and balanced growth path --- p.19 / Chapter 4 --- The analysis of the migration patterns and growth --- p.25 / Chapter 4.1 --- Case when education efficiency is proportional to the technological effi- ciency --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2 --- Case when foreign country has sufficiently large comparative advantage in technology --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3 --- Case when bilateral migration occurs --- p.40 / Chapter 5 --- Effect of the exogenous factors --- p.43 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.49 / Chapter A --- Appendix: solving the endogenous growth model --- p.52 / Chapter A.l --- Solving the endogenous growth model in general form --- p.52 / Chapter A.2 --- Decision of the agents in the model --- p.54 / Chapter A.3 --- Properties of the general form --- p.55 / Chapter B --- Appendix: the steady state and balanced growth path --- p.57 / List of Tables / Chapter 1 --- Pattern of migration --- p.64 / Chapter 2 --- "The initial parameters for the first, second and third simulations" --- p.65 / Chapter 3 --- Comparative statics for proposition 12 --- p.65 / Chapter 4 --- Comparative statics for proposition 13 --- p.66 / List of Figures / Chapter 1 --- Four migration patterns --- p.64 / Chapter 2 --- Variables in the simulations --- p.66 / Chapter 3 --- The home country in first simulation --- p.67 / Chapter 4 --- The foreign country in first simulation --- p.68 / Chapter 5 --- The growth analysis in first simulation --- p.69 / Chapter 6 --- The home country in second simulation --- p.70 / Chapter 7 --- The foreign country in second simulation --- p.71 / Chapter 8 --- The growth analysis in second simulation --- p.72 / Chapter 9 --- The home country in third simulation --- p.73 / Chapter 10 --- The foreign country in third simulation --- p.74 / Chapter 11 --- The growth analysis in third simulation --- p.75

A computer database of detailed information on 23,753 emigrants who sailed from the port of Derry in the northwest of Ireland was constructed, using Customs and ship passenger records that together spanned the years 1803- 1867, though not continuously. This information was used to trace changes in the origins of the emigrants, their age and sex distribution, their occupational backgrounds, their destinations, and in how they paid for their fare. Analysis showed that that the profile of emigration changed from emigration of mainly young, unattached males in the early part of the century to family migration during the Famine years, subsequently changing to emigration of equal numbers of males and females, mostly as young adults. Major differences found between the emigrant populations who sailed for Canada and the United States respectively were related to the cost of fares and the extent of assistance to emigrate. Pre-paid fares were found to be very significant, especially during the Famine years. Until the early 1860s the majority of the emigrants were from the more affluent, fertile areas of the north-west. Both the pattern of pre-paid fares and the concentration of the emigrants' origins were closely related to the migration tradition within the area. This tradition, dating back to the eighteenth century, helped create a migration mentality, promoted subsequent emigration, and gave rise to the pre-payment of fares by earlier emigrants. Although the Famine had a major impact on the area, it was not the instigator of mass migration from the northwest. The demise of the linen trade and associated economic crises were more important in this respect. The response to population pressure and economic crises varied within the region as well as with time.

Research report / At the time of this study, South Africa found itself in an economic growth phase. This was coupled with an acute shortage of engineers in the country, as well as in a number of foreign countries, who found themselves in similar growth phases. Foreign firms actively embarked on campaigns to recruit South African engineers to alleviate their shortage, to the detriment of the donor country. The objective of this study is to determine the propensity of engineers to emigrate and the main drivers for this in order to provide information to craft strategies to combat and mitigate the shortage of engineers. The research process involved the consultation of relevant local and international literature regarding the skills shortage, the extent of emigration from South Africa and the main drivers for this. Data were collected by means of self-completed questionnaires in order to gauge the sentiment of graduate engineers towards emigration. One hundred and fifteen responses were received. Key associations and relationships were then analysed. The study found that the engineers most likely to emigrate were either in their late twenties or were older than 55. They are likely to be white males from either the public or private sector, or who are self-employed. Approximately 10% of graduate engineers are likely to leave South Africa within a short period of time (less than one year) as they have already taken some measures in order to do so, 16% may leave within two years and 27% may leave within the next five years. Australia is by far the most popular destination for South African engineers, followed by Canada, Europe and the United Kingdom. The main country-related drivers causing South African engineers to consider emigration are crime and violence, confidence in the South African government and political uncertainty. The main work-related driver causing engineers to consider emigration is the policy of affirmative action. Of the engineers with a “high” emigration potential, just over half indicated that they would emigrate permanently. In order to at least retain existing engineers in South Africa, the factors causing them to consider emigration should be addressed. In order to increase the number of engineers in the country, more emphasis should be placed on mathematics and science at school, thereby increasing the number of candidates who qualify for admission to engineering courses. It also needs to be ensured that universities have the capacity to train the increased number of engineers required on an ongoing basis.

Immigration has become an increasingly salient issue across Europe in recent years. However, much of the existing economics literature focuses on the impact of immigration on labour markets. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the impact of immigration on a host country, it is important to take a broader perspective. In this thesis we investigate some of the wider effects of immigration on host countries and their native citizens. The thesis contains three self-contained chapters, each of which tries to establish the causal effects of immigration on a separate socio-economic aspect of the host country. Chapter 2 investigates the causal link between migration and trade flows. We exploit the large, exogenous increase in migrants to the UK as a result of the 2004 EU enlargement. In contrast to the standard gravity model approach, we use a difference-in-differences estimation strategy, which enables us to compare changes in UK trade flows with accession countries to changes in UK trade flows with other central and eastern European countries. At the product level, separating goods according to their informational content using the classification put forward by Rauch (1999), we find evidence that UK imports from accession countries increased, and that this was driven by differentiated goods. In Chapter 3 we investigate whether the proportion of migrants in a local area affects the success of an anti-immigration political party. Using Swedish municipality-level data, we focus on the impact of large inflows of migrants, many of whom were refugees, from non-OECD countries in the 1980s and 1990s. In order to address concerns over the endogeneity of migrant location, we exploit a refugee placement policy which aimed to disperse refugees across the country. Initial OLS estimates suggest that a one percentage point increase in the migrant share is associated with a 0.28 percentage point increase in the New Democracy vote share. However, we do not find evidence of a positive relationship between the arrival of refugees and the New Democracy vote share in our 2SLS estimation. Further analysis suggests that our OLS results are driven by municipalities surrounding the three major urban areas of Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo. In addition, we find no evidence that natives responded to an influx of migrants by relocating to another area. In Chapter 4 we examine the relationship between immigration and house prices. Focusing on the case of England and Wales, we exploit variation in migrant inflows across local authority districts to identify the effects of migration on changes in house prices. We build on existing papers by conducting the analysis at the local authority district level which enables us to better account for unobserved local level characteristics. In addition, we then exploit data on the postcode of each individual housing transaction in an attempt to better control for housing quality. In our OLS specifications we find no conclusive evidence of any relationship between migrant inflows and changes in house prices. We then address endogeneity concerns by using an instrument based on historical settlement patterns. Although our 2SLS estimates suggest that a 1% increase in the migrant share is associated with a 2.4% fall in house prices, we show that this effect is driven by local authorities in London, and that our instrument based on historical migrant settlement patterns is weak and fails to fulfil the relevance requirement for local authorities outside of London. These findings cast doubt over the suitability of the shift-share instrument for addressing endogeneity concerns in this setting.

Studiet av post-sovjetisk litauisk emigrantlitteratur är ett forskningsområde som har vuxit fram först de senaste åren. Forskningen har hittills fokuserats på hur litauiska emigranter bevarar eller inte bevarar sin litauiska identitet utanför hemlandet. Denna uppsats har en annan inriktning. Med utgångspunkt från de kronotopmodeller som tagits fram av litteratur-vetaren Juris Rozītis analyseras två böcker av litauiska författare som skriver om liv i Storbritannien respektive Irland med syfte att undersöka hur det upplevda emigrantlivet framställs. Forskningsfrågorna är: Hur avbildas emigrantlivet i post-sovjetisk litauisk emigrantlitteratur? Hur skiljer sig den avbildning från den som framkommer i lettisk efterkrigslitteratur? Den nya ”Inspärrad i det nya landet”-modellen visar sig vara mycket lik en av Rozītis modeller, dock inte den som avbildar livet i det nya landet utan den modell som avbildar livet i flyktinglägren. ”Inspärrad i det nya landet”-modellen visar hur emigranterna lever i värld där det inte finns utrymme för det egna jaget eller intima förhållanden. De lever i en grå zon. I det nya landet men inte riktigt en del av det nya landet. Den närmaste omgivningen utgörs av andra som är marginaliserade i samhället: andra migranter, kriminella osv. Emigranterna är inspärrade i denna gråa zon. De stängs in av ett osynligt men ändå påtagligt stängsel mellan dem och det inhemska samhället. En väsentlig skillnad mot Rozitis flyktinglägersmodellen är dock att banden till hemlandet inte har skurits av utan utgör en levande del av emigrantens liv. / The study of post-Soviet Lithuanian emigrant literature is a research field that only recently has emerged. The research published so far generally concentrates on “identity”: how Lithuanians conserve or do not conserve their Lithuanian identity while living abroad. This paper has another approach. Based on the chronotope models elaborated by literary scholar Juris Rozītis, two books by Lithuanian authors writing about life in the UK and Ireland are analysed with the aim to investigate how emigrant life is depicted. The research questions are: How is emigrant life depicted in post-Soviet Lithuanian emigrant literature? How does this image differ from the one in Latvian post-World War II exile literature? The resulting “confined in the new country model" turned out to be very similar to the "life in the refugee camps model" presented by Rozītis. The “confined in the new country model" shows emigrants living in a world where there is no space for personal self or for intimate relations with family or loved ones. Instead they live in a grey zone, IN the new country but not really as a PART OF it. Their immediate environment is constituted by other ”outsiders”: other immigrants, petty criminals, etc. Confining this zone of ”outsiders” there is an invisible but no less real delimitation from the normal society of the host country. However, there is a significant difference from the "life in the refugee camp model": the presence of active contacts with the home country.

No description available.

This thesis is a study of the current backlash against immigration and multiculturalism policies. The author looks at current arguments against both policies, and compares them to evidence. These arguments are drawn from the media; the writings of critics like Richard Gwyn, and William D. Gairdner; and the policies of the Reform Party. It will provide a historical review of the experiences of immigrant groups in adapting to Canadian society. From this review, the author identifies several consistent themes in anti-multiculturalism and anti-immigration literature, which include: multiculturalism is little more than "flash and dance", the policy is unanimously unpopular among the general public, immigrants take jobs from Canadian-born, immigrants are a burden to society, and that immigrants are not needed to offset the ageing of the Canadian population. The author concludes that these criticisms are based on misconceptions and distortions of facts. In some cases, the criticisms reflect more of an attack on minority groups rather than on these policies, and reveal a movement to reverse the pluralistic nature of Canadian society. This research comes at a time when the debate over these policies is clouded with emotion. The author makes several recommendations as to how the public education system can help counter the use of these themes in the media. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Thesis advisor: Heather Cox Richardson / Thesis advisor: Marilynn Johnson / Emigrants, Immigrants and the State: The Role of Individual States in Fostering Migration – A Swiss and American Case Study analyzes the role that individual American states (in opposition to the nation state) played in fostering migration during the long nineteenth century. The paper argues that individual states played a crucial role in fostering migration because of different economic challenges and that in order to create a more complex, and more inclusive narrative of American immigration history, scholars must pay closer attention to the individual states in Europe and the United States. Emigrants, Immigrants and the State uses a variety of primary source documents from Switzerland and the United States and provides two case studies that explain the different economic reasons that induced states to foster migration, and the ways in which they did it. The main goal of transnational state migration authorities was to provide migrants with information, financial and organizational resources, and protection along their journey. In order to achieve their goals they cooperated with different migration agencies, corporate entities, migrant aid societies, and previous migrants. The beginning of the twentieth century brought on a lot change. The Swiss federal government took on the matter of regulating emigration, and thus the Swiss cantons’ involvement became less important. In the United States, the beginning of the twentieth century brought on the rise of nativism, and eventually the federal government took control of immigration and implemented a growing number of restrictive policies. Nevertheless, the states continued to play an important but somewhat different role in migration. While some US states focused on Americanization, other American states continued to promote immigration but became more selective. In other states, such as Wisconsin, immigrant colonies and immigrant groups were able to resist the Americanization efforts. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

Orientador: José Sterza Justo / Coorientadora: Mary Yoko Okamoto / Banca: Marcos Mariani Casadore / Banca: Marcelo Naputano / Banca: Felizardo Tchiengo Bartolomeu Costa / Resumo: No início do século XX (1908), chegavam ao Brasil os primeiros imigrantes japoneses que partiram da sua terra oriental para trabalhar nas lavouras cafeeiras. Contudo, antes de completar 100 anos da imigração japonesa no Brasil, acontece o fenômeno dekassegui, considerado o processo inverso da imigração japonesa à nossa terra. Em meados de 1980, esse fenômeno se destaca pelo grande contingente de descendentes de japoneses que começa a se deslocar para trabalhar nas fábricas japonesas, na terra dos seus avôs. A palavra dekassegui é de origem japonesa e significa aquele que sai da sua terra natal em busca de serviços temporários, para ganhar dinheiro e retornar novamente para a casa, depois de um longo período ou de sucessivas idas e vindas. Os próprios japoneses já utilizavam esse termo entre os seus que se deslocavam de regiões que se tornavam improdutivas em épocas de invernos rigorosos, mas que retornavam para a casa após o término da estação. Nesse mesmo período, o Brasil enfrentava uma grande crise política, econômica e social. Muitos brasileiros perderam os seus empregos e entre eles encontravam-se os filhos e netos de japoneses e também aqueles que tinham dupla nacionalidade. As primeiras gerações de dekasseguis foram os isseis (japoneses) e nisseis (filhos de japoneses) que migraram para a terra do sol nascente, onde o idioma não era visto como uma barreira entre as duas culturas, pois sabiam falar a língua japonesa. Diferentemente, para os sanseis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the beginning of the 20th century (1908) the first Japanese immigrants came to Brazil leaving oriental lands to work at coffee harvests. However, before completing 100 years of the Japanese immigration in Brazil, the dekasegi event occurs, which is considered the reverse process of the Japanese immigration towards our country. In the 1980s this event is noted due to the large number of Japanese descendants that start moving in order to work at Japanese factories, in their grandparents' land. The word dekasegi is Japanese and it means one who leaves his/her homeland searching for temporary jobs, in order to earn money and come back home once more after a long period or successive travels. Even Japanese are used to apply this term to those who move from regions that become unproductive during severe winter, returning home after the end of the season though. In this period there was a serious political, economic and social crisis in Brazil. Many Brazilian workers lost their jobs, and among them there were Japanese children and grandchildren, as well as those with dual citizenship. The first generations of dekasegi were the issei (a Japanese person) and the nissei (Japanese sons) who migrated to the land of the rising sun, where the language was not seen as a barrier between both cultures since they could speak Japanese. Nevertheless, for the sansei (third generation) it was more difficult since they did not know the languages. The same happens with the yonsei (fourth generation), who experience a double limit between the languages, i.e. they did not master none of the languages. The general proposal of this study selected as an object of investigation the three-month experience of the author in Japan, in 2012, in the Program of Development of Psychological Support in São Paulo offered to dekasegi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / Vol. 4 (TH-000223) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished