published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Emigracija iš Lietuvos neigiamai veikia ne tik šalies socialinę ir ūkio raidą, švietimo, darbo, sveikatos apsaugos ir kitų sričių padėtį, bet ir daro ypatingą žalą šeimoms bei vaikams, kurie dėl šių priežasčių gyvena atskirai. Vaikas turi teisę žinoti savo tėvus, būti auklėjamas ir aprūpinamas savo tėvų, bendrauti su jais. Tėvų emigracija yra didelis smūgis vaikui, perimant šeimos tradicijas, vertybes bei formuojant savo identitetą – savąjį Aš. Netekęs vieno iš tėvų vaikas netenka ir identifikacijos. Magistro darbe kokybinės ir kiekybinės duomenų analizės pagrindu bandoma išryškinti šias tendencijas: a) būdingesnius emigraciją patyrusių vaikų socializacijos ypatumus jų elgesio lygmeniu, išreiškiančiu internalizuotų vertybių pobūdį; b) egzistuojančius ryškesnius elgesio skirtumus tarp tokių vaikų ir šios patirties neturinčių bendraamžių elgesio; c) galimus veiksnius, turinčius vienokios ar kitokios įtakos emigraciją patyrusių vaikų globos, priežiūros ir jų teisių apsaugos efektyvinimui. Nustatyta, kad emigraciją patyrusių vaikų elgesys kai kuriais internalizuotų vertybių atvejais (atvirumo, savitvardos bei solidarumo) statistiškai reikšmingai skiriasi nuo pilnose šeimose augančių vienmečių elgesio, kurie savo elgesiu daugiau išreiškia atvirumo, tikėjimo kitais ir savimi, jautrumo bei pagarbos vertybes. Taip pat rasta, kad emigraciją patyrę vaikai kiek nepalankiau vertina savo namus, tėvus ir vertina pačią emigraciją nei šios netekties nepatyrę jų bendraamžiai. Ekspertų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Emigrational processes from Lithuania negatively affect not only country’s social and economic evolution. However, the condition of education, employment, health care, and other spheres are affected as well, especially having in mind families and children, who live separately because of emigration causes. Child has a right to know his/her parents, to be educated and nourished by the members of family, and also to communicate with parents. One of the parents emigration is quite an impact for a child, who puts much effort while internalizing family’s traditions, values, and forming self identity, i.e. self I. By loosing one of the parents, child loses his/her identity. Thus in this Master research project, taking in account both quantitative and qualitative methods (based on triangulation principle), such issues were taken to solve: a) children, who have experienced parents’ emigration, socialization peculiarities based on their behavior level that expresses internalized values; b) existing differences of such children – both experienced and non-experienced parents’ emigration – behavior; c) possible factors that may have an influence for the effectiveness of those children care, guardianship, and their rights protection. It was set that children, who have experienced parents’ emigration, behavior in some cases statistically meaningful differ from those who do not have such an experience, e.g. having in mind such values as openness, self-control, and solidarity. Meanwhile... [to full text]

This thesis is a study of the current backlash against immigration and multiculturalism policies. The author looks at current arguments against both policies, and compares them to evidence. These arguments are drawn from the media; the writings of critics like Richard Gwyn, and William D. Gairdner; and the policies of the Reform Party. It will provide a historical review of the experiences of immigrant groups in adapting to Canadian society. From this review, the author identifies several consistent themes in anti-multiculturalism and anti-immigration literature, which include: multiculturalism is little more than "flash and dance", the policy is unanimously unpopular among the general public, immigrants take jobs from Canadian-born, immigrants are a burden to society, and that immigrants are not needed to offset the ageing of the Canadian population. The author concludes that these criticisms are based on misconceptions and distortions of facts. In some cases, the criticisms reflect more of an attack on minority groups rather than on these policies, and reveal a movement to reverse the pluralistic nature of Canadian society. This research comes at a time when the debate over these policies is clouded with emotion. The author makes several recommendations as to how the public education system can help counter the use of these themes in the media.

The studies of emigrant associations abroad and the development of migrant organizations in the world in historical perspective are very important in the present context of Lithuania. One of the most important émigré organisations is the Lithuanian World Community (Pasaulio lietuvių bendruomenė), which was established by political refugees with the goal of uniting all the dispersed Lithuanians over the world. This dissertation presents the organizational and political development aspects of the Lithuanian World Community in the 1940s – 1970s. The first chapter features the lessons of the migration policy in the first Republic of Lithuania and the ideas of mobilizing Lithuanians over the world. Colonization’s plans and impact of civic associations to mobilize Lithuanians abroad are explored. In the second chapter it is analysed how the policy of the Western countries influenced Lithuanian mobilization after the Second World War. Secondly, the establishment of the Lithuanian World Community is reconstructed. The third chapter describes the conditions and explains how the Lithuanian communities were established in the countries of immigration. The organizational structure of the Lithuanian World Community board and the development of its relationship with Lithuanian communities are analyzed. The mobilization of the second generation of Lithuanians in the world is investigated. The development of the relations between the Lithuanian World Community and the World Lithuanian Youth... [to full text] / Gausi emigracija ir naujų lietuvių bendruomenių formavimasis užsienio šalyse sudaro prielaidas tyrinėti ir migrantų draugijų bruožus, ir jų raidą istorinėje perspektyvoje. Svarbią reikšmę turi Pasaulio lietuvių bendruomenė, įsteigta Antrojo pasaulinio karo politinių pabėgėlių bangos atstovų, siekiant suvienyti pasaulyje pasklidusius lietuvius. Disertacijos tikslas rekonstruoti Pasaulio lietuvių bendruomenės organizacinius ir politinius raidos aspektus XX a. 5–8 dešimtmečiuose. Pirmoji dalis skirta apžvelgti Pirmosios Lietuvos Respublikos migracijos politikos pamokas, sprendžiant pasaulyje pasklidusių lietuvių telkimo problemas. Antrojoje dalyje aptariama Vakarų šalių politika sprendžiant politinių pabėgėlių likimą po Antrojo pasaulinio karo ir su tuo susijusi pasaulio lietuvių telkimo idėjų raida nuo kompaktinio emigravimo galimybės iki naujos, visai lietuvių išeivijai skirtos organizacijos (Pasaulio lietuvių bendruomenės) sukūrimo. Trečiojoje dalyje aprašomos Lietuvių bendruomenių steigimo atskiruose kraštuose sąlygos ir ypatumai; pristatomi PLB institucionalizavimo aspektai, rekonstruojamas PLB vaidmuo formuojant santykius su atskirų kraštų Lietuvių bendruomenėmis, apžvelgiama tų santykių raida; analizuojamas jaunosios išeivijos kartos telkimo klausimas, pristatoma PLB ir Pasaulio lietuvių jaunimo sąjungos bendradarbiavimo raida. Ketvirtojoje dalyje rekonstruojama ir analizuojama PLB veikla sprendžiant lietuvių išeivijos reprezentavimo ir politinio susiorganizavimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

No abstract available. / Thesis(Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1968.

This thesis considers the apparent shift in Canadian refugee policy between the more liberal refugee programs of the 1980s to the more restrictive contemporary orientation. We provide an explanation for the nature and content of policy pronouncements made in the period following the events of September 11, 2001. In order to put contemporary policy in context, we begin our investigation post-World War II when Canada first entered the international arena as a fully independent state. What follows is an examination of why the Canadian government has preferred its choice of refugee policies, and a consideration of forces and institutions that have shaped policy in the postwar period. At the same time, we reflect on the tension between Canada's refugee policy choices and its stated commitment to humanitarian values and international agreements.

This study addresses the ethics of the South African emigration at present from a Christian ethical perspective. In the first place it evaluates the Christian ethical principles, different ethical systems as well as the human rights relevant to the subject under discussion. Secondly, the most commonly used reasons and motivations for emigration are discussed and further evaluated in the light of the relevant principles, systems and human rights. It concludes that emigration should not be considered without taking into account the important individual responsibilities in the country of birth and the possibility that reality in a foreign country may turn out to be different than expected. As Christians we are called to a life of service in the name of the Triune God and for as long as that is possible in our country of birth and our right to life is not in danger, we should not make the decision to emigrate lightly. / Thesis (M.A. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This study addresses the ethics of the South African emigration at present from a Christian ethical perspective. In the first place it evaluates the Christian ethical principles, different ethical systems as well as the human rights relevant to the subject under discussion. Secondly, the most commonly used reasons and motivations for emigration are discussed and further evaluated in the light of the relevant principles, systems and human rights. It concludes that emigration should not be considered without taking into account the important individual responsibilities in the country of birth and the possibility that reality in a foreign country may turn out to be different than expected. As Christians we are called to a life of service in the name of the Triune God and for as long as that is possible in our country of birth and our right to life is not in danger, we should not make the decision to emigrate lightly. / Thesis (M.A. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Doctor of Philosophy / This thesis has tried to construct a comprehensive analysis of a clearly defined community of Egyptian Jews in Australia and France, based on the oral history of Egyptian born migrants. Built around the conceptual framework of forced emigration, integration and acculturation, it looks at the successful experience of this particular migrant group within both Australian and French societies. Like the other Jewish communities of Arab lands, the Egyptian Jewish community no longer exists, as it was either expelled or forced into exile in the aftermath of the three Arab-Israeli wars (1948, 1956, 1967). This thesis argues that the rise of an exclusively Arab-Islamic type of nationalism, the growth of Islamic fundamentalism and the escalating Arab-Israeli conflict constituted the fundamental causes for the demise of Egyptian Jewry. As a consequence, almost half of the Jewish population of Egypt went to Israel. The rest dispersed throughout the Western world, mainly in France, North and South America. In Australia, a small group of around 2,000 found a new home. Apart from those who migrated to Israel, the majority of Egyptian Jews experienced a waiting period in Europe before they were accepted by any of the countries of immigration, a period facilitated by international and local Jewish welfare agencies. My interviewees chose Australia mostly to be reunited with family members. They first had to overcome the racial discrimination of the ‘White Australia’ Immigration policy towards Jews of Middle Eastern origin, a hurdle surmounted thanks to the tireless efforts of some leaders of the Australian Jewish community. With their multiple language skills, multi-layered identity and innate ability to interact with a variety of ethnic groups, they succeeded in establishing themselves in an unfamiliar country that initially welcomed them reluctantly. As such, they can be said to have successfully acculturated and integrated into Australian society, whilst retaining their own cultural diversity. The more numerous Egyptian Jews living in France also successfully acculturated. As a larger group, they were better equipped to assert themselves within the older Jewish/French community and retain their distinctive Sephardi culture. Studies such as the present one provide insight into the process of integration and identity reconstruction, as well as the diverse strategies used to ensure a successful acculturation, and the value of a multi-layered identity.

This dissertation is divided into six sections. The first section, the introduction and literature review, also covers the aim and objectives of the thesis. The second section discusses the labour migration from the Philippines to the outside world. It then explores the push forces and pull factors for Filipino migration in terms of: (i) economic issues, including unemployment and unchecked population growth, fiscal deficit and public-sector debt, natural disaster and globalisation; (ii) political factors, including a weak and inefficient state, security problems, and laws and policies; and (iii) dynamics of marriage and family migration, personal choice, wage difference and level of skills. The third section discusses the Philippines Government's roles in promoting migration, in implementing policies to protect its Filipino migrants and in providing supports for 'overseas contract workers' (OCWs). The fourth part of the thesis explains the importance of the remittances that overseas Filipinos send back to their home country. A series of case studies is presented on the fifth chapter; these focus on Filipino professional migration to Australia and particularly the state of South Australia. The case studies provide a more in-depth understanding of the Filipino migrants' role and position in a foreign country. The findings and observations made in the study are synthesised in the concluding sixth section.