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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An?lise dos gases da exaust?o em um motor diesel com inje??o Common Rail alimentado com diesel, biodiesel e suas misturas

Costa, Joel de Oliveira 31 October 2017 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais (engenharia.pg.materiais@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-26T10:44:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel_de_Oliveira_Santos_DIS.pdf: 2391365 bytes, checksum: 494fe700a3624e9b996ee073b4bc0283 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-26T19:01:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel_de_Oliveira_Santos_DIS.pdf: 2391365 bytes, checksum: 494fe700a3624e9b996ee073b4bc0283 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-26T19:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel_de_Oliveira_Santos_DIS.pdf: 2391365 bytes, checksum: 494fe700a3624e9b996ee073b4bc0283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / The presente work aims to evaluate exhaust gas emissions and particulate matters in a diesel cycle engine. A Cummins ISB Maxi Power (EURO III) Ford F250 pickup truck with electronic commom rail fuel injection system was used to identify which blend achieves the best environmental performance without compromising power and torque. The exhaust gases (CO, NOx, SO2) and particulate matters in different engine operating regimes were analyzed using commercial diesel oil B7 (diesel oil with 7% biodiesel volume) and additions of biodiesel up to B100. The procedures used in the tests were based on the ESC (European Stationary Cycle) test of engines in chassis dynamometer. The dynamometer used was the BOSCH model FLA 203, in conjunction with a TESTO model 350 gas analyzer, a NAPRO model NA 9000 opacimeter, and a 24-channel Pro Model FUEL TECH Datalogger. The results showed that the carbon monoxide (CO) had a significant reduction of 57.22% with the engine running with B100 at 750 rpm and 84.39% at 2600 rpm in a regime of 75% of the maximum power compared to B7. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) had an increase of 145.43% with B100 at 2600 rpm. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) produced by the combustion of diesel S10, represents low values, reaching 0 ppm in any of the engine operating regimes operating with the blends. The power and torque of the engine had an increase of 2.85% and 2.81% with the B15 mixture compared to the B7 fuel, even with the B15 we can verify that the carbon monoxide (CO) had a reduction of 35.78%, nitrogen oxides (NOx) had an increase of 40.71% and opacity a reduction of 1.9%. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as emiss?es de gases de exaust?o e materiais particulados em um motor ciclo diesel. Foi utilizado um ve?culo caminhonete Ford, modelo F250, com motor Diesel Cummins ISB Maxi Power (EURO III), com gerenciamento eletr?nico de inje??o de combust?vel Commom Rail, buscando identificar qual mistura obt?m o melhor desempenho ambiental sem comprometer pot?ncia e torque. Foram analisados os gases de exaust?o CO, NOx, SO2 e material particulado em diferentes regimes de funcionamento do motor, utilizando o ?leo diesel comercial (B7 - ?leo diesel com 7% em volume de biodiesel) e percentuais de biodiesel at? B100. Os procedimentos utilizados nos testes foram baseados na norma ESC (European Stationary Cycle) de teste de motores em dinam?metro de chassi. O dinam?metro usado foi da marca BOSCH, modelo FLA 203, em conjunto com analisador de gases da marca TESTO, modelo 350, opac?metro da marca NAPRO, modelo NA 9000, e Datalogger da marca FUEL TECH, 24 canais, modelo Pro. Os resultados mostraram que o mon?xido de carbono (CO) teve uma redu??o de 57,22% com o motor operando com B100 em marcha lenta (750 rpm) e 84,39% na rota??o de 2600 rpm, comparado com B7. Os ?xidos de nitrog?nio (NOx) tiveram aumentos de 145,43% com B100 a 2600 rpm. O di?xido de enxofre (SO2) apresentou valores pr?ximos a 0 ppm em qualquer um dos regimes do motor. A pot?ncia e torque tiveram aumentos de 2,85% e 2,81% com B15 comparado com B7, e com B15 o mon?xido de carbono (CO) teve redu??o de 35,78%, os ?xidos de nitrog?nio (NOx) tiveram aumentos de 40,71% e a opacidade redu??o de 1,9%.
2

A pegada de carbono como um dos indicadores de sustentabilidade para medi??o da responsabilidade socioambiental empresarial: um estudo de caso na unidade sede da Petrobras em Natal-RN / Carbon footprint as a sustainability indicator of corporative social-environmental responsibility measurement: a study case in seat unity of Petrobras at Natal-Brazil

Andrade, Ricardo Teixeira Greg?rio de 19 November 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoTGA.pdf: 3343340 bytes, checksum: b7d667a5f20a1f26a7371755e94dcc8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-19 / Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte / As a contemporary tendency, it is been evidenced that the environmental changes theme, already admitted as a concernment to international economical and political reality, is also gaining repercussion on industrial and business sector. Firms are implementing actions on trial to minimize their own greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions impacts. However, the great majority of those actions of Corporative Social-Environmental Responsibility (CSR) are referred only to direct emissions of the main production systems. Direct emissions are those derived of an isolate process, without considering the upstream and downstream processes emissions, which respond for the majority of emissions originated because of respective firm‟s production system existence. Because the greenhouse effect occurs globally and the GHG emissions contribute to the environmental changes independently of their origin, it must be taken into account the whole productive life cycle of products and systems, since the energy invested on resources extraction and necessary materials to the final disposal. To do so, it must be investigated all relevant steps of a product/production system life cycle, tracking all activities which emit greenhouse gases, directly or indirectly. This amount of emissions consists in the firm‟s Carbon Footprint. This research purpose is to defend the Carbon Footprint relevance and its adoption viability to be used as an Environmental Indicator on measurement/assessment of CSR. It has been realized a study case on Petrobras‟s seat unity at Natal-Brazil, assessing part of its Carbon Footprint. It has been used the software GEMIS 4.6 to do the emissions quantifying. The items measured were the direct emissions of the own unity vehicles and indirect emissions of offset paper (A4), energy and disposable plastic cups consumed. To 2009, these emissions were 3.811,94 tCO2eq. We may conclude that Carbon Footprint quantification is indispensable to the knowledge of real emissions caused by a productive process existence, must serving as basis to CSR decisions about the environmental changes reversion challenge / Contemporaneamente, se est? constatando que o tema das altera??es clim?ticas, j? integralizado como preocupa??o da realidade pol?tica e econ?mica internacional, vem tamb?m adquirindo abrang?ncia e repercuss?o nos setores industriais e empresariais. As empresas, em seu enquadramento no novo conceito de combate ? mudan?a do clima, t?m adotado algumas medidas na tentativa de minimizar os impactos das suas pr?prias emiss?es de Gases Efeito Estufa (GEE). Contudo, a grande maioria das a??es de Responsabilidade Socioambiental Empresarial (RSE) quanto a essa tem?tica referem-se apenas ?s emiss?es diretas dos principais processos produtivos empresariais. As emiss?es diretas s?o aquelas derivadas de um processo isolado, sem considerar os processos upstream e downstream, os quais respondem pela a maior parte das emiss?es derivadas da exist?ncia de uma determinada empresa. Haja vista que o efeito estufa sobrev?m de forma global, e que as emiss?es de GEE contribuem para as mudan?as clim?ticas independentemente de sua origem, deve-se levar em considera??o todo o ciclo de vida produtivo de produtos e processos, desde a energia investida na extra??o da mat?ria-prima e insumos necess?rios at? o descarte final. Para se fazer isso, deve-se esquadrinhar todos os passos relevantes ao longo do ciclo de vida de um produto/processo produtivo, rastreando todas as atividades que emitam direta ou indiretamente GEE. O somat?rio dessas consiste justamente na Pegada de Carbono da empresa. A finalidade desse estudo ? defender a relev?ncia da Pegada de Carbono e viabilidade de ado??o desta para ser usada como Indicador de Sustentabilidade na avalia??o/mensura??o da RSE. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso na unidade sede da Petrobras em Natal-RN, avaliando-se parte de sua Pegada de Carbono. Para a quantifica??o das emiss?es, foi utilizado o software GEMIS 4.6. Os itens medidos foram as emiss?es diretas dos ve?culos pr?prios da unidade e emiss?es indiretas do papel offset A4, energia el?trica e copos pl?sticos descart?veis consumidos. Para o exerc?cio de 2009, mensuramos a emiss?o de 3.811,94 tCO2eq. Conclu?mos que a aferi??o da Pegada de Carbono ? imprescind?vel para conhecimento das emiss?es reais causadas pela exist?ncia de um processo produtivo, devendo servir de base para a tomada de decis?es de RSE quanto ao desafio da revers?o das mudan?as clim?ticas
3

An?lise do desempenho de um queimador infravermelho funcionando com g?s liquefeito de petr?leo e glicerina

Dantas, Marcello Ara?jo 31 May 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelloAD_DISSERT.pdf: 3032114 bytes, checksum: 1b49aa6af338e06fe387bb398cc85b4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-31 / The use of infrared burners in industrial applications has many advantages in terms of technical-operational, for example, uniformity in the heat supply in the form of radiation and convection, with greater control of emissions due to the passage of exhaust gases through a macro-porous ceramic bed. This paper presents an infrared burner commercial, which was adapted an experimental ejector, capable of promoting a mixture of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and glycerin. By varying the percentage of dual-fuel, it was evaluated the performance of the infrared burner by performing an energy balance and atmospheric emissions. It was introduced a temperature controller with thermocouple modulating two-stage (low heat / high heat), using solenoid valves for each fuel. The infrared burner has been tested and tests by varying the amount of glycerin inserted by a gravity feed system. The method of thermodynamic analysis to estimate the load was used an aluminum plate located at the exit of combustion gases and the distribution of temperatures measured by a data acquisition system which recorded real-time measurements of the thermocouples attached. The burner had a stable combustion at levels of 15, 20 and 25% of adding glycerin in mass ratio of LPG gas, increasing the supply of heat to the plate. According to data obtained showed that there was an improvement in the efficiency of the 1st Law of infrared burner with increasing addition of glycerin. The emission levels of greenhouse gases produced by combustion (CO, NOx, SO2 and HC) met the environmental limits set by resolution No. 382/2006 of CONAMA / A utiliza??o de queimadores infravermelhos em aplica??es industriais apresenta muitas vantagens do ponto de vista t?cnico-operacional, como por exemplo, homogeneidade no fornecimento de calor, na forma de radia??o e convec??o, apresentando um maior controle das emiss?es devido ? passagem dos gases de exaust?o atrav?s de um leito cer?mico macroporoso. O presente trabalho apresenta um queimador infravermelho comercial, no qual foi adaptado um ejetor experimental, capaz de promover uma mistura de g?s liquefeito de petr?leo (GLP) e glicerina. Atrav?s da varia??o de percentuais de combust?vel dual, foi avaliado o desempenho do queimador infravermelho mediante a realiza??o de um balan?o de energia e das emiss?es atmosf?ricas. Foi introduzido um controlador de temperatura com termopar modulando dois est?gios (fogo baixo/alto), utilizando v?lvulas solen?ides para cada combust?vel. O queimador infravermelho foi submetido a testes e ensaios variando-se a quantidade de glicerina inserida por um sistema de alimenta??o por gravidade. Como m?todo de an?lise termodin?mica para estimativa de carga foi utilizada uma placa de alum?nio localizada na sa?da dos gases de combust?o, sendo a distribui??o de temperaturas medida por um sistema de aquisi??o de dados que registrou em tempo real as medidas dos termopares afixados. O queimador apresentou uma combust?o est?vel para os n?veis de 15, 20 e 25 % de adi??o de glicerina em raz?o m?ssica de GLP, aumentando o fornecimento de calor para a placa. Pelos dados obtidos, observou-se que houve uma melhora na efici?ncia de 1? Lei do queimador infravermelho quando ocorre o aumento de adi??o da glicerina na mistura. Os n?veis de emiss?es de gases poluentes produzidos pela combust?o (CO, NOx, SO2 e HC) atenderam aos limites estabelecidos pela resolu??o ambiental n? 382/ 2006 do CONAMA.

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