O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDA/H) é um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade. A criança com esse diagnóstico apresenta prejuízo clinicamente significativo no funcionamento social e acadêmico. A literatura revela que a suscetibilidade genética em interação com fatores ambientais, inclusive os familiares, compõem a sua etiologia. Desse modo, conhecer as experiências dos familiares e da criança com TDA/H é importante para a compreensão do surgimento e manutenção desse quadro. Por conta disso, esta pesquisa objetiva compreender como a experiência materna de mulheres com filhos diagnosticados com TDA/H se associa ao desenvolvimento do Self dessas crianças. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa clínicoqualitativa, empregando a Psicanálise winnicottiana como referencial teórico. A estratégia metodológica utilizada foi a das Narrativas Transferenciais. Participaram desta pesquisa, quatro díades mães e filhos. Foi realizado primeiramente um encontro com a mãe para coletar dados demográficos e de identificação dela e da criança, e a aplicação da Escala de Maturidade Mental Colúmbia (EMMC), de forma a assegurar os critérios de inclusão/exclusão na pesquisa. No segundo encontro, foi solicitado que a mãe falasse sobre sua experiência como mãe de um filho diagnosticado com TDA/H, a partir da visualização de alguns cartões do Teste de Apercepção Infantil figuras de animais (CAT-A). Separadamente, para a criança, foram apresentados os mesmos cartões do CAT-A visualizados pela mãe, solicitando que ela contasse uma história sobre cada um deles. Os encontros com a mãe e com a criança foram descritos na forma de narrativas transferenciais individuais e, após essa redação, foi feita uma interpretação psicanalítica do material produzido por cada membro da díade. Em seguida, foi realizada uma síntese da díade, no intuito de relacionar a experiência materna e o desenvolvimento do Self da criança. Após a análise e interpretação do material produzido por cada uma das díades, foi feita uma síntese final dos resultados de todas as mães, outra de todas as crianças e, finalmente, uma síntese final de todas as díades. Em relação à experiência materna, as mães relataram angústias vivenciadas durante a gestação e após o nascimento dos filhos. Elas não conseguiram entrar em sintonia com eles no início da vida, não tiveram condições, por razões diversas, para experimentar a devoção e manifestaram dificuldades em vincular-se com a criança e oferecer-lhes holding. Nessas condições, as crianças não dispuseram de oportunidades suficientes para usufruir das experiências de ilusão, o que comprometeu o processo posterior de desilução. Essas dificuldades de relacionamento inicial da díade, que persistiam até o momento da pesquisa, eram decorrentes de vivências depressivas latentes ou manifestas das mães, que acarretavam prejuízos na capacidade para as experiências transicionais, para o brincar e para a simbolização. Os comportamentos desatentos e hiperativos da criança pareceram ser uma resposta a esse abafamento e desconsideração do gesto criativo, que permanece na forma de uma motricidade exacerbada e sem objetivos. Os resultados apontam, portanto, para dificuldades no processo de constituição do Self tanto das crianças quanto das mães. Estudos que aprofundem essa vertente compreensiva da relação entre a mãe e a criança com TDA/H devem ser encorajados, visto que esta parece ser uma via promissora para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas para esse sofrimento da díade. / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by lack of concentration, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Child with this diagnosis presents clinically significant disadvantage in social and academic functioning. The literature reveals that genetic susceptibility in interaction with environmental factors, including family factors, compose its etiology. Thereby, knowing the relatives and ADHD childs experiences is important for understanding the emergence and maintenance of this condition. Therefore, this research aims to understand how the maternal experience of ADHD children mothers is associated with the development of the Self of these children. For that, a clinical-qualitative research was carried out applying the Winnicottian psychoanalysis as a theoretical reference. The methodological strategy used was the \"Transferential Narratives\". There were four dyads mothers and children participating in this research. At first, it was held a meeting with the mother to collect demographic and identification data from her and the child, and the application of the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale (CMMS), in order to ensure the inclusion/exclusion criteria in the research. At the second meeting, the mother was asked to speak about her experience as the mother of a child diagnosed with ADHD, from the visualization of some cards of the Childrens Apperception Test - animal figures (CAT-A). Separately, to the child, it was presented the same CAT-A cards visualized by the mother, and it was asked to tell a story about each of them. The meetings with the mother and the child were described in the shape of individual transferential narratives and after this writing a psychoanalytic interpretation of the material produced by each member of the dyad was done. Later, a dyad synthesis was made in order to relate the maternal experience and the development of the child\'s Self. After the analysis and interpretation of the material produced by each of the dyads, a final synthesis of the results of all mothers was done, as well as another one of all the childrens results, and finally a final synthesis of all the dyads. Concerning the maternal experience, the mothers reported anguishes experienced during pregnancy and after the birth of their children. They were not able to tune into them early in life, they were not able, for various reasons, to experience the devotion and they showed difficulties in linking themselves with the child and offering them a holding. Under these conditions, children did not have sufficient opportunities to enjoy the illusion experiences, which compromised the subsequent process of disappointment. These initial dyad relationships, which persisted until the moment of the research, were due to the mothers latent or manifested depressive experiences, that resulted entailed impairments in the capacity for transitional experiences, to play and to symbolization. The child\'s inattentive and hyperactive behaviors seemed to be a response to this drowning and disregard of the creative gesture, which remains in the form of an exacerbated and aimless motricity. The results point, therefore, to difficulties in the process of constitution of the Self, to both children and mothers. Studies that deepen this understanding aspect of the relationship between the mother and the child with ADHD should be encouraged, since this seems to be a promising way for the development of therapeutic strategies for this dyad suffering.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-06T18:26:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jadna Cléia de Araújo Barros.pdf: 693213 bytes, checksum: 663b8d0dcbbd21c1f7f3410e0d0f1e6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T18:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jadna Cléia de Araújo Barros.pdf: 693213 bytes, checksum: 663b8d0dcbbd21c1f7f3410e0d0f1e6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research, of theoretical nature, had as objective to discuss the trauma related to the theory of primitive emotional development proposed on the work of D. W. Winnicott, as well as the association with the illnesses of patients called difficult. For this purpose, the theory of maturational development was initially presented in its general aspects, emphasizing the importance assigned by the author to the environmental function during human life beginning and, consequently, the motherly flaws which, being established as a pattern, contribute to the emergence of several forms of psychic suffering. It was sought, then, to express Winnicott’s contributions to the field of psychoanalytic nosography, mentioning the classification and characterization of some pathological manifestations, highlighting the forms of illnesses originated from early environmental flaws. Thereafter, the evolution of the trauma concept stands out in the author’s work, with the systematization of his propositions from the first reference to the term, in 1931, until the last discussion, held in a 1969 text. In the final part, the handling and its specificities in trauma practice were approached, emphasizing the modified analysis and the regression to absolute dependence, as to highlight the importance of adaptation in analytical environment to the fundamental needs of the patient / Esta pesquisa, de natureza teórica, teve como objetivo discutir o trauma em relação à teoria do desenvolvimento emocional primitivo proposta na obra de D. W. Winnicott, bem como a associação com o adoecimento dos pacientes ditos difíceis. Para tanto, foi apresentada inicialmente a teoria do desenvolvimento maturacional nos seus aspectos gerais, enfatizando-se a importância atribuída pelo autor à função ambiental nos primórdios da vida humana e, consequentemente, às falhas maternas que, ao se estabelecerem como um padrão, contribuem para o surgimento de diversas formas de padecimento psíquico. Buscou-se, então, explicitar as contribuições de Winnicott para o campo da nosografia psicanalítica, trazendo a classificação e caracterização de algumas manifestações patológicas, com destaque para as formas de adoecimento originárias de falhas ambientais precoces. Em seguida, ganha destaque a evolução do conceito de trauma na obra do autor, com a sistematização de suas proposições desde a primeira referência ao termo, em 1931, até a última discussão, realizada em texto de 1969. Na parte final, foi abordado o manejo e suas especificidades na clínica do trauma, enfatizando-se a análise modificada e a regressão à dependência absoluta, de modo a se ressaltar a importância da adaptação do ambiente analítico às necessidades fundamentais do paciente

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Secure infant attachment is important for the positive social-emotional development of children. Many parents have limited understanding of social-emotional development and the influence of appropriate responsive parenting behaviors to their infants’ cues. For example, many parents believe you can spoil an infant if you pick them up every time they cry. Researchers study the impact of positive responses to infants’ cues. Infants form a more secure attachment and learn to interpret the world as a safe place for exploration when parents respond to their signs of distress. In contrast, infants reared with authoritarian parenting styles of strict compliance and harsh punishment develop more insecure attachments. This study measured undergraduate students’ beliefs about spoiling children, child obedience, and parental responsiveness and examined changes in beliefs after instruction in the principles of attachment and the role of caregiver responsiveness in the formation of secure attachment. First, a pretest was administered followed by 1 to 2 hours of in class instruction regarding attachment theory. Next, a posttest was given to determine if in-class instruction had an effect on students’ attitudes regarding spoiling children, child obedience, and parental responsiveness. Students’ beliefs about spoiling children were associated with attitudes about child obedience and parent responsiveness, and students changed their attitudes about spoiling and responsiveness, although not obedience, after instruction. Young adults who have developed an understanding of parental responsiveness and have decreased their fears of spoiling children have the potential to be able to implement more developmentally supportive practices in their own lives as future parents and practitioners in the field of child development.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

The purpose of this study is to examine how educators who teach in schools that face challenging circumstances understand child development and the school context, and how their understanding of child development is manifested through non-academic responses to these challenging circumstances. Using mixed methods to explore and compare the results of survey data (N = 209) with interview data (N = 48) this study examines 10 schools that face challenging circumstances that have also demonstrated trends of success on provincially administered standardized assessments. Analysis reveals the findings that educators understand the challenging circumstances their students face to be developmental in nature, that educators’ believe that these challenges involve students’ physical, social-emotional, and cognitive development, and that educators respond to these challenges by implementing non-academic and co-curricular programs that are developmentally based. This study finds that all 10 schools have implemented developmental programs that foster the success of students. These findings suggest that educators offset the developmental disadvantages their students face as a result of the community, school, and their home environments. This study finds that these educators believe students’ social-emotional development is intertwined with student cognitive development. Further, these educators have expanded the traditional performance-based construct of student “success” to include a range of success that includes child social-emotional developmental success, and in expanding their understanding of student success, have arrived at an innovative, developmentally-based approach to facing challenging circumstances in schools.

The purpose of this study is to examine how educators who teach in schools that face challenging circumstances understand child development and the school context, and how their understanding of child development is manifested through non-academic responses to these challenging circumstances. Using mixed methods to explore and compare the results of survey data (N = 209) with interview data (N = 48) this study examines 10 schools that face challenging circumstances that have also demonstrated trends of success on provincially administered standardized assessments. Analysis reveals the findings that educators understand the challenging circumstances their students face to be developmental in nature, that educators’ believe that these challenges involve students’ physical, social-emotional, and cognitive development, and that educators respond to these challenges by implementing non-academic and co-curricular programs that are developmentally based. This study finds that all 10 schools have implemented developmental programs that foster the success of students. These findings suggest that educators offset the developmental disadvantages their students face as a result of the community, school, and their home environments. This study finds that these educators believe students’ social-emotional development is intertwined with student cognitive development. Further, these educators have expanded the traditional performance-based construct of student “success” to include a range of success that includes child social-emotional developmental success, and in expanding their understanding of student success, have arrived at an innovative, developmentally-based approach to facing challenging circumstances in schools.

ABSTRACT KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF EARLY LEARNING-RELATED SKILLS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT by Kathryn Powell Historically, the kindergarten curriculum emphasized social-emotional development including interpersonal and learning-related skills (Logue, 2007). Researchers have confirmed that teachers valued social-emotional development, particularly learning-related skills, as foundational skills to school readiness and future academic achievement (e.g., Heaviside & Farris, 1993). Since the implementation of No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2002), the focus of kindergarten has changed to incorporate additional academic standards and goals (Fantuzzo et al., 2007). This mixed method study (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998) utilized quantitative (i.e., surveys) and qualitative (i.e., semi-structured interviews) methods to investigate and compare the perceptions of pre-NCLB to post-NCLB kindergarten teachers regarding the significance of learning-related skills to academic achievement. A sample (N=97) of certified kindergarten teachers currently working in and around the metro Atlanta area with one or more years of kindergarten experience were administered surveys. Thirty participants from the larger sample were included in the qualitative phase of the study. It was hypothesized that teachers would rate learning-related skills as important precursors to academic achievement; however, pre-NCLB teachers would rate learning-related skills as more important than their peers. The results suggested that there was no difference in pre- and post-NCLB teachers’ perceptions of the importance of learning-related skills to students’ school readiness. There also, was not a significant difference in how pre- and post-NCLB kindergarten teachers prioritized school readiness skills (learning-related, interpersonal, academic). However, when asked to rank these skills in terms of importance there was a significant difference between the two groups. Pre-NCLB teachers indicated interpersonal skills as more important to school readiness than post-NCLB teachers and post-NCLB teachers indicated academic skills as more important than pre-NCLB teachers. No significant difference was found in teachers’ beliefs about achievement or efficacy. Implications for curriculum, policy, research, and practice will be discussed.

This research is about the enhancement of the Grade 1 learner's social and emotional development through a music support programme. The aim of this research was to determine how a music support programme could enhance the social and emotional development of Grade 1 learners through a music support programme. To achieve this goal, data were gathered through a literature study and empirical study. The empirical study was performed by way of semi constructed interviews with the Grade 1 learners' teacher to assemble the empirical data. The results indicated that the Grade 1 learners manifested social and emotional difficulties and that the music support programme was effective for those learners' social and emotional development. Recommendations from the study include: • schools should consider a music support programme on a permanent basis. • The community must be introduced to the music support programme because the concept is still unknown. • To help children with social-emotional behavioural problems, schools can raise a fund that will help these learners to develop through a music support programme. • Schools and/or a music support presenter can give parental guidance and can set up a programme for parents. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

This research is about the enhancement of the Grade 1 learner's social and emotional development through a music support programme. The aim of this research was to determine how a music support programme could enhance the social and emotional development of Grade 1 learners through a music support programme. To achieve this goal, data were gathered through a literature study and empirical study. The empirical study was performed by way of semi constructed interviews with the Grade 1 learners' teacher to assemble the empirical data. The results indicated that the Grade 1 learners manifested social and emotional difficulties and that the music support programme was effective for those learners' social and emotional development. Recommendations from the study include: • schools should consider a music support programme on a permanent basis. • The community must be introduced to the music support programme because the concept is still unknown. • To help children with social-emotional behavioural problems, schools can raise a fund that will help these learners to develop through a music support programme. • Schools and/or a music support presenter can give parental guidance and can set up a programme for parents. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.