The current review aims to unravel what is known regarding the neural substrates of empathicdistress and compassion fatigue. Empathic distress is a self-oriented feeling of anxietyexperienced in response to the suffering of another. It has been related to, and theorized to bea precursor of, compassion fatigue. This is a form of caregiver burnout received by secondaryexposure to trauma. In the current thesis, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO weresearched identifying 301 articles that were subsequently screened. In the end, five studieswere included that measured either empathic distress or compassion fatigue in relation tobrain structure or function. Findings are largely inconsistent but areas involved in theory ofmind and that are important for the self-other distinction are discussed. A need for moreresearch is identified, together with a desire for conceptual clarification between compassionfatigue and burnout.

Objective: Research on the association of empathy and burnout within professional health care workers has shown that the work is posing a risk for burnout. Empathy and compassion abilities are essential to understand others and when working with caring for others. Research from social neuroscience and psychology has forwarded findings indicating the risk of a negative side of empathy – empathic distress being associated with ill health such as burnout. Contrary, compassion has been shown to be associated with health benefits. Research integrating knowledge from social neuroscience and psychology is needed to inform evidence-based health promotion in the workplace arena. Aim: The aim is to investigate if empathic distress among professional health care workers is associated with burnout, and if compassion has a buffering effect on burnout. Design: A cross-sectional, within-group survey study is employed, using a quantitative explorative approach. 105 participants identified as professional health care workers was included. The bio-psychosocial model was used as a theoretical analysing tool. Results: Results showed a significant positive association between empathic distress and client-related burnout. Compassion was found to be negatively associated with client-related burnout, however, not significant. Multiple regression analysis showed no significant effect of empathic distress, compassion or theory of mind to predict burnout. Conclusion: Empathic distress was found to be significantly associated with client-related burnout. The study integrated social neuroscience and psychology theories, which can inform health promotion programs within social workplace settings especially for a vulnerable group in risk of burnout such as professional health care workers.

Les intervenants seraient parmi les professionnels les plus à risque d'épuisement professionnel. Il est attendu des professionnels en relation d'aide qu'ils montrent de l'empathie envers leurs clients, qui sont souvent en difficultés. Cette empathie pourrait dans certains cas constituer un facteur de risque d'épuisement. Un individu ayant de bonnes capacités d'empathie serait plus enclin à être contaminé par le stress des autres. Cette contagion émotionnelle peut être bénéfique si celui qui la reçoit sait comment gérer cette émotion. Lorsqu’un intervenant perd le contrôle de la contagion émotionnelle, il en résulte une détresse empathique. Le développement de la précision interpersonnelle émotionnelle (PIÉ), c'est-à-dire la capacité à identifier les émotions des autres avec exactitude à partir de leur non verbal, pourrait être un moyen de freiner la détresse empathique. Le but de ce projet est la création et l'évaluation, avec un devis expérimental, d'un programme d'amélioration de la PIÉ auprès d'une cinquantaine d'étudiantes et étudiants en psychoéducation à l'Université de Montréal. Les objectifs de l’étude étaient d’évaluer si le programme permettait une amélioration de la PIÉ, tout en augmentant l’empathie et en diminuant le stress. Les participants ont été répartis dans l’un des trois groupes expérimentaux, l’un passant le programme AVATAR, l’autre le programme TERA et le troisième étant un groupe contrôle. Les résultats indiquent que seul le programme TERA montre une amélioration de la PIÉ, uniquement pour un des instruments utilisés. Il n’y a pas eu d’effets significatifs pour les autres variables à l’étude, soit l’empathie et le stress. Les résultats doivent cependant être pris avec prudence considérant le faible nombre de participants et la nature des programmes d’entraînement. / Social workers are among the professionals who are the most at risk of burnout. They are expected to show empathy towards their clients, who are in need. But empathy could, in some cases, be a risk factor for emotional exhaustion. Indeed, persons with high levels of empathy are more likely to be contaminated by the stress of others. Emotional contagion can be beneficial if the one who receives the emotion knows how to handle it. When social workers lose control of emotional contagion, it can cause empathic distress. Training people to be interpersonally accurate, the ability to judge emotions based on the person’s nonverbal behaviour, could be a way to reduce empathic distress. The purpose of this study was to create and evaluate a new emotions recognition training program. Fifty-two students in psychoeducation from the University of Montreal participated to the study. Aims were to assess whether the program could improve interpersonal accuracy but also empathy and the regulation of stress. Two programs (TERA and AVATAR) were tested in comparison with a control group. Results showed that only the TERA program showed improvement in a specific measure of interpersonal accuracy. No other improvement was observed neither in the two other complementary measures of interpersonal accuracy nor in the other constructs such as empathy or stress management. These results should be put in perspective with the low number of participants and the nature of the training programs.