Texte remanié de: Magisterarbeit--Universität Rostock, 2007. / Bibliogr. p. 173-199.

Texte légèrement remanié de: Dissertation--Fachbereich Gesellschafts- und Geschichtswissenschaften--Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, 1990/91. / Bibliogr. p. 671-698.

Byzantine religious manuscripts were commissioned by people from many levels of society. Several contain portraits of their commissioners, represented together with a holy figure. An analysis of these scenes, examining features such as the holy figures represented and their specific iconographic meaning, and the relation of mortal to divine, reveals many facets of Byzantine art, religion and society. This analysis indicates a major distinction between portraits representing the emperor, and those depicting all other patrons. Non-imperial portraits show deep personal devotion and piety. The manuscripts in which they occur were commissioned to honour the holy figure, and many request salvation in return. Imperial commissions, on the other hand, were not votive gifts. Their portraits stress the public, political, and occasionally religious role of the emperor as the elected of God upon earth, and head of state. These portraits are thus highly informative of several aspects of Byzantine life.

This dissertation studies the evolving relationship of the early 'Abbasid caliphs with the proto-Sunni 'ulama'. By the time of Harun al-Rashid, the 'Abbasids had aligned themselves with the emergent proto-Sunnitrends; a pattern of state - 'ulama' relations, with the caliph's view of his function approaching that of the 'ulama ', had begun to emerge. al-Ma'mun was uncharacteristic of the early 'Abbasids in claiming religious authority for himself, apparently to challenge the 'ulama's influence and authority. That effort proved abortive, and confirmed in its failure the earlier pattern of state - 'ulama' relations. The pattern was one of collaboration between the caliphs and the 'ulama'. Proto-Sunni scholars were among the beneficiaries of extensive caliphal patronage, and it was their viewpoints which caliphal interventions in religious life upheld. Owing perhaps to the effects of 'Abbasid patronage, but also to the implications of certain proto-Sunni viewpoints, proto-Sunnis were generally favourable towards the 'Abbasids. A convergence is discernible in the interests of the Caliphs and the 'ulama', and partly explains not only the latter's pro-'Abbasid sentiment but also why it was the proto-Sunni viewpoints that the 'Abbasids came to patronize.

Jena, 1707, Thesis / "Dissertatio anno MDCCVII d. 31. mens. august Jenae habita.". - Errata at end of text. - First ed. entered under Wildvogel, Christian, 1644-1728, praeses, Conventus monetales ... Jenae, [1707]--NUC pre-1956. - Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 05596. - Includes bibliographical references and index. - OCLC, 23734533. - Reproduction of original from Goldsmiths' Library, University of London

Diss. : Rechtswissenschaft : Hamburg : 1981. - Bibliogr. p. 358-377. -

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Münster (Westfalen), 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [377]-410) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Münster (Westfalen), 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [377]-410) and index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Göttingen--Georg-August-Universität, 1962. Titre de soutenance : Die Auflösung des alten Reiches : Beiträge zur Geschichte der Jahre 1776-1806. / Notes bibliogr. dans chaque vol. Bibliogr. p. 349-424. Index dans le vol. 2.

This PhD research has furnished the occasion to update the outdated works about Late Roman coinage focusing especially on a topic not so commonly examined like the Late Roman silver coinage. More precisely, it is analysed and discussed some of its more intriguing aspects. First of all how silver, as metal, was considered and perceived in Late Roman society and, therefore, why during fifth century AD silver bullion was used to produce fine silver objects rather than coins. Two different Late Roman customs concerning silver coinage are then reviewed: hoarding, with a list of most recent findings, and clipping. Finally a chapter is dedicated to the metrology and fineness of Late Roman silver coins together with an accurate analysis of the 7 different denominations. This extensive and deep discussion about Late Roman silver coinage's main problematics is completed by the most recent and updated catalogue of all the Late Roman silver denominations known so far. Such a review has given not only the possibility of updating or modifying some of the previous theories but also the opportunity to suggest some new ideas. --------------------------------------- Podrobně jsou zkoumány některé konkrétní zásadsní otázky, především jakým způsobem bylo v pozdně římské společnosti vnímáno stříbro jako kov a proč tedy...