Mini-dissertation was submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2007. / The first formal Homeopathic education programme in South Africa began in 1989 and was instituted by Technikon Natal, now Durban University of Technology – DUT. The course offers a Master’s Degree in Technology in Homeopathy. Similarly Witwatersrand Technikon now University of Johannesburg began offering the course from 1993. Since the first (from DUT) intake there have been 13 years of graduates. Included in the course is excellent homeopathic training and a comprehensive medical training programme, consisting of anatomy, physiology, pathology, histology and diagnostics subjects. Although a statutory requirement no postgraduate internship training regarding graduates of this programme has been formalised. Thus this study was deemed valuable as it aimed to provide clarity on past internship received and a perception of what an internship ought to entail. The purpose of this retrospective survey was to determine the perceptions and opinions of M.Tech:Homeopathy graduates around the current non-implementation of statutory internship, in order to inform the formulation of an appropriate and effective homoeopathic internship, as required by Act 63 of 1982 (as amended). Other objectives included gathering data/perceptions regarding the contents and outcomes of a proposed Homeopathic internship as perceived by M.Tech:Homeopathy graduates. As well as assessing/determining the possible existence of associations between demographic factors and the perceptions around internship regarding its recommended contents and outcomes. / M

Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 1994. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research conducted by Albert Ellis (1978) revealed that individuals' concepts of their own rational and irrational and/or dysfunctional cognitions are important determinants of effective human functioning. The presence of these cognitions within an individual can have several consequences such as depression, neuroses and psychoses. It is clear from the literature (Ellis, 1978; Dryden & Gordon, 1990; Lodder, 1993) that one of the causative factors in manifestations of emotional instability is individuals' lack of knowledge about their psyches. The general aim of this study is to develop a programme which lead to positive human functioning, including self-acceptance and selfempowerment, on the basis of a comprehensive study of the literature on all possible coping skills (Lodder, 1993). Several approaches were considered which could promote Self-insight, namely rational-emotive therapy, transactional analysis and the use of projective techniques. Each of these aspects was dealt with fully and reasons are provided for the selection of rational-emotive therapy. Rational-emotive therapy provides participants with the necessaryknowledge to identify and combat their own irrational and/or dysfunctional cognitions. Before Ellis's cognitive questionnaire could be used in the evaluation process, the psychometric characteristics of the instrument had to be determined first. A further aim is to adapt Ellis's cognitive questionnaire according to scientifically recognized procedures to measure human functioning on a rational -basis as a psychometrically acceptable measuring instrument. A primary psychometric requirement of a measuring instrument is that its items must be sufficiently homogeneous to be able to regard them as criteria of a single construct. Ellis's cognitive questionnaire (adapted) demonstrated a particularly satisfactory internal consistency (alpha coefficient = 0,89; N = 250). With the help of a factor analysis Ellis's cognitive questionnaire (adapted) was developed in such a way that the items in the subscales were all relatively pure measurements of the isolated factors. Furthermore, the results of the factor analysis produced five factors which could be linked relatively clearly to the five postulated dimensions of irrational cognition. To ascertain whether participation in the programme by 90 female and 30 male administrative staff members did in fact lead to the envisaged result, the Solomon four - group design was used to evaluate it. Evaluation of the programme was undertaken on the basis of Kirkpatrick's evaluation model by concentrating on the knowledge, reaction and behavioural levels. A knowledge test was used to measure knowledge, a reaction questionnaire was used for participantsreactions and Ellis's cognitive Questionnaire (adapted) for evaluation at the behavioural level. The most important findings of the investigation could be summed up as follows: • The experimental group acquired significantly more knowledge about irrational cognitions than the control group did. • After the programme the experimental group made significantly more use of cognitive restructuring as a coping style than the control group did. • The experimental group revealed considerably fewer dysfunctional cognitions. Certain shortcomings also emerged from this investigation. Recommendations are made according to which these specific shortcomings can be addressed in future research in this field. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Albert Ellis se navorsing (1978) het aan die lig gebring dat individue se begrip vir hulle onderskeie rasionele en irrasionele en/of disfunksionele kognisies 'n belangrike determinant is van doeltreffende menslike funksionering. Die aanwesigheid van hierdie kognisies binne 'n individu kan verskeie gevolge he soos depressie, neuroses en psigoses. Dit blyk uit die literatuur (Ellis, 1978; Dryden & Gordon, 1990; Lodder, 1993) dat een van die veroorsakende faktore van manifestasie van emosionele onstabiliteit die gebrek is aan kennis van individue rondom hulle psiges. Die algemene doelstelling van die studie is om aan die hand van 'n omvattende literatuurstudie van aile moontlike "helpende vaardighede" \ (Lodder, 1993) 'n program te ontwikkel wat individue kan lei tot positiewe menslike funksionering met in begrip van selfaanvaarding en selfbemagtiging. Verskillende benaderings wat gebruik kan word om Selfinsig te bewerkstellig, naamlik Rasioneel-emotiewe terapie, Transaksionele Analise en die gebruik van Projektiewe Tegnieke is oorweeg. Daar is volledig aandag gegee aan elk van hierdie aspekte en redes verstrek vir die keuse van Rasioneel-emotiewe terapie. Rasioneel-emotiewe terapie verskaf aan die deelnemers die nodige kennis en vaardighede om hulle en gedragsvlak te konsentreer. 'n Kennistoets is gebruik vir kennismeting, 'n reaksievraelys vir deelnemerreaksies en Ellis se Kognitiewe vraelys (aangepasl vir evaluering op gedragsvlak. Die vernaamste bevindings van die ondersoek kan soos volg opgesom word: • Die eksperimentele groep het beduidend meer kennis en insig oor rasionele kognisies opgedoen as die kontrolegroep. • Die eksperimentele groep het na die program beduidend meer as die kontrolegroep van kognitiewe herstrukturering as behartigingstyl gebruik gemaak. • Die eksperimentele groep het beduidend minder disfunksionele kognisies openbaar. Sekere leemtes het uit hierdie ondersoek geblyk. Aanbevelings is aan die hand gedoen waarvolgens hierdie sp~sifieke leemtes in toekomstige navorsing op hierdie terrein oorbrug kan word. eie irrasionele en/of disfunksionele kognisies te kan identifiseer en betwis. Alvorens Ellis' se Kognitiewe vraelys gebruik kon word in die evalueringsproses moes die psigometriese eienskappe van die instrument eers bepaal word. 'n Verdere doelstelling is om Ellis se kognitiewe vraelys volgens wetenskaplik-erkende prosedures aan te pas om as psigometriese aanvaarbare meetinstrument menslike funksionering aan die hand van rasionaliteit te meet. 'n Primere psigometriese vereiste vir 'n meetinstrument is dat sy items voldoende homogeen moet wees om dit te kan beskou as 'n maatstaf van 'n enkele konstruk. Ellis se Kognitiewe vraelys (aangepas) het 'n besondere bevredigende interne bestendigheid gedemonstreer (koeffisient alfa = 0,89; N = 250). Ellis se Kognitiewe vraelys (aangepas) is met behulp van 'n faktorontleding ontwikkel waarvan die items in die subskale almal relatief suiwer metings van die geTsoleerde faktore is. Verder het die faktoranalitiese resultate vyf faktore opgelewer wat redelik duidelik aan die gepostuleerde vyf dimensies van irrasionele kognisies gekoppel kon word. Om te bepaal of die bywoning van die program, deur 90 vroulike en 30 manlike administratiewe personeel, wei tot die beoogde resultate aanleiding gee, is die Solomon vier-groep ontwerp vir die evaluering daarvan gebruik. Evalueririg van die program is aan die hand van Kirkpatrick se evalueringsmodel gedoen deur op die kennis-, reaksie-

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the Education, Training and Development Policy of the Eastern Cape Department of Health: A Case Study of Cacadu District. The Cacadu Health District as with all Districts is the Eastern Cape Department of Health experiences a few challenges with the implementation of the Education, Training and Development Policy. Through observation these problems seem to be stalling progress in the implementation of this policy. The study seeks to investigate whether there can be an improvement in the implementation of the Education, Training and Development Policy. The focus of the study will be the Cacadu Health District. Provision of Education, Training and Development is key to any organisation especially if performance of employees needs to be of high standard. If the performance of employees is of high standard service delivery will improve. Chapter one provided an introduction which gave a brief overview of the study, problem statement, research objectives and questions, preliminary literature review and research methodology to be employed by the study. Chapter two provided a literature review of education, training and development framework and legislative framework for guiding the development and provision of education, training and development in an organisation. The chapter also looked into mentoring and mentoring strategies. Chapter three looked into detail on the training evaluation strategies and what training evaluation entails. It looked at the different approaches that can be used in evaluating training in an organisation. Chapter four provides proposals for the approaches and strategies to improve the implementation of the Education, Training and Development Policy of the Eastern Cape Department of Health in the Cacadu District. The chapter will also provide an analysis of participants’ responses from the questionnaire. Chapter five will give a summary with concluding remarks and recommendations. This chapter came up with conclusions about the study and gave recommendations and way forward on how best to improve the implementation of the education, training and development policy in the Eastern Cape Department of Health: Cacadu District.

When expenses become an issue, training is often one of the first budget items to be cut. There have been a number of evaluation studies about rates of return from training interventions. Most results are based on interviewing participants about the value of the intervention and its effect on their productivity. This often results in quadruple digit return on investment indications. Decision makers who control the budget often view these kinds of results with skepticism. This study proposes a methodology to evaluate training interventions without asking participants their opinions. The process involves measuring learning through a series of pre-tests and post-tests and determining if scores on pre-tests can be used as predictors of future return on investment results. The study evaluates a series of return on investment scores using analysis of variance to determine the relationship between pre-tests and final return on investment results for each participant. Data is also collected and evaluated to determine if the financial results of the organization during the period of the training intervention could be correlated to the results of the training intervention. The results of the study suggest that the proposed methodology can be used to predict future return on investment from training interventions based on the use of pre-tests. These rates of return can be used as a method of selecting between competing training intervention proposals. It is a process that is easily understood by the key decision makers who control the allocation of financial resources. More importantly, it is a process that can maximize the value of each dollar spent on training.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the ”accelerated” development training programme by using two specifically compiled in-basket exercises equivalent in complexity. A pre- and post-evaluation were performed to determine whether learning transfer actually took place-that is, whether competencies developed. The research focused on the following competencies: action orientation; planning and organising; analysis and problem solving; teamness; and impact. From the statistical analysis conducted, significant differences were obtained for three competencies, impact, action orientation and problem solving. The separation of variables proved to be problematic and the results could not be attributed directly to the training programme. The results are explained, the design of the evaluation critically reviewed and recommendations made to improve the design of the evaluation. The value of the study is discussed and directions for possible future research provided. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. A.(Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Thesis (M.Tech.: Homoeopathy)-Dept. of Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2007 iv, 126 leaves / The first formal Homeopathic education programme in South Africa began in 1989 and was instituted by Technikon Natal, now Durban University of Technology – DUT. The course offers a Master’s Degree in Technology in Homeopathy. Similarly Witwatersrand Technikon now University of Johannesburg began offering the course from 1993. Since the first (from DUT) intake there have been 13 years of graduates. Included in the course is excellent homeopathic training and a comprehensive medical training programme, consisting of anatomy, physiology, pathology, histology and diagnostics subjects. Although a statutory requirement no postgraduate internship training regarding graduates of this programme has been formalised. Thus this study was deemed valuable as it aimed to provide clarity on past internship received and a perception of what an internship ought to entail. The purpose of this retrospective survey was to determine the perceptions and opinions of M.Tech:Homeopathy graduates around the current non-implementation of statutory internship, in order to inform the formulation of an appropriate and effective homoeopathic internship, as required by Act 63 of 1982 (as amended). Other objectives included gathering data/perceptions regarding the contents and outcomes of a proposed Homeopathic internship as perceived by M.Tech:Homeopathy graduates. As well as assessing/determining the possible existence of associations between demographic factors and the perceptions around internship regarding its recommended contents and outcomes.

Thesis (M.B.A.)-Business Studies Unit, Durban University of Technology, 2006 x, 68 leaves / The purpose of this study is to identify the training needs of leather technicians with the aim of supporting corporate competitive advantage within their company. Identifying competencies is an essential first step towards developing a training programme and to support corporate competitive advantage. / M

Thesis (M.B.A.)-Business Studies Unit, Durban University of Technology, 2006 x, 68 leaves / The purpose of this study is to identify the training needs of leather technicians with the aim of supporting corporate competitive advantage within their company. Identifying competencies is an essential first step towards developing a training programme and to support corporate competitive advantage.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the ”accelerated” development training programme by using two specifically compiled in-basket exercises equivalent in complexity. A pre- and post-evaluation were performed to determine whether learning transfer actually took place-that is, whether competencies developed. The research focused on the following competencies: action orientation; planning and organising; analysis and problem solving; teamness; and impact. From the statistical analysis conducted, significant differences were obtained for three competencies, impact, action orientation and problem solving. The separation of variables proved to be problematic and the results could not be attributed directly to the training programme. The results are explained, the design of the evaluation critically reviewed and recommendations made to improve the design of the evaluation. The value of the study is discussed and directions for possible future research provided. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. A.(Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Student employees (N=86) at a major research institution participated in a new hire orientation training and then responded to questionnaires measuring ten transfer behaviors and eight work environment constructs measuring support, frequency of contact, cohesion, and general means efficacy. Supervisor ratings of trainee performance were used to measure transfer behaviors.