Relative changes are detectable in the blood of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients during hemodialysis (HD) treatment using optical spectroscopy. However, the potential impacts of several confounding factors that could affect the detection of these changes have not been evaluated. The objectives of this thesis were to: 1) investigate how the variations and/or changes in acid-base and oxygen parameters during HD treatment can affect the optical signature of whole blood of ESRD patients, 2) to investigate the effect of heparin on the optical properties of whole blood and its impact on our method. Blood samples were drawn from 23 ESRD patients at 5 time points during a 4 hour HD treatment and sent for blood gas and blood spectroscopy analyses. No significant correlations were found between the changes in the blood transmittance spectra and acid-base and oxygen parameters. This indicates that the perturbations in these parameters due to HD procedures do not confound the detection of changes in the blood transmittance spectra of ESRD patients during HD treatment. Additionally, the effect of heparin in modifying the optical properties of whole blood does not confound the detection of changes in the blood of ESRD patients due to HD treatment using whole blood-based optical spectroscopy. ANOVA revealed significant (P<0.05) measurable changes in the blood transmittance spectra of ESRD patients during HD treatment. Significant spectral differences (P<0.05) were found between ESRD patients. The lack of uniform spectral characteristics across patients is

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13328号 / 論医博第2196号 / 新制||医||1044(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 長船 健二 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

La transplantation rénale est reconnue comme le traitement de choix de l’insuffisance rénale terminale chez l’enfant et l’adulte jeune et est associée à une augmentation de la survie et une amélioration de la qualité de vie des patients tout en étant le traitement le plus coût efficace à long terme. Néanmoins, il persiste de nombreuses questions sur la prise en charge des patients avant, pendant et après la transplantation. Le but de cette étude est d’analyser le parcours de soin des enfants présentant une maladie rénale chronique afin de mettre en évidence d’éventuelles disparités dans la prise en charge des patients et de fournir des outils d’aide à la décision afin d’améliorer la prise en charge et le traitement de ces patients.Nous avons utilisé différentes sources de données : le registre français des patients avec traitement de suppléance rénale (registre REIN), le registre européen de traitement de suppléance rénale (ESPN/ERA-EDTA registry) et la base de données médico-administrative des hospitalisations (PMSI).Tout d’abord, nous avons étudié les facteurs médicaux et non-médicaux pouvant induire des inégalités et avons mis en évidence que le sexe féminin est associé à un accès retardé à la transplantation rénale et particulièrement à la transplantation rénale préemptive. Ce désavantage pourrait être en parti expliqué par une progression plus rapide vers l’insuffisance rénale terminale même chez des patients présentant la même maladie. Nous avons également montré que les pratiques des centres de traitements impactaient de façon importante la trajectoire des patients. C’est un déterminant majeur du choix de la modalité de suppléance rénale initiale (hémodialyse ou dialyse péritonéale) et de l’accès à la transplantation rénale essentiellement par le biais de la rapidité d’inscription sur la liste d’attente.Nous nous sommes focalisé sur le sous-groupe des patients les plus jeunes, débutant le traitement de suppléance avant l’âge de 2 ans, dont la prise en charge reste un challenge. Nous avons confirmé d’important progrès dans la prise en charge de ces patients en montrant que seul la présence de comorbidités extra-rénales restait associée à une survie inférieure à celle des autres patients en insuffisance rénale terminale. Concernant la durée de vie des greffons, nous avons montré l’importance du matching de taille entre le donneur et le receveur avec un ratio de taille donneur/receveur optimal entre 1.4 et 1.8. De même, nous retrouvons l’importance du matching HLA classe 2 sur la survie du greffon. Nous allons combiner ces facteurs de risques dans un outils de prédiction pour aider les cliniciens dans le choix des greffons et allons réaliser une validation externe de cet outil sur une autre cohorte.A partir des données d’hospitalisation, nous avons montré que les infections sont la première cause d’hospitalisation post-transplantation devant les rejets et les cancers.Enfin, Du fait de la durée de vie limitée des greffons rénaux et de l’amélioration importante de l’espérance de vie, ces jeunes patients ont la particularité de nécessité fréquemment des transplantations répétées plus ou moins précédées de périodes de dialyse. De ce fait, il convient de considérer la trajectoire globale de ces patients afin de maximiser le temps passé avec un greffon fonctionnel et de minimiser le temps passé en dialyse. Nous avons développé un outil de simulation permettant de tester des modifications de stratégies de prise en charges (ex : augmentation du don vivant ou de la transplantation préemptive, modification des exigences de matching HLA) et leurs effets sur la trajectoire des patients. Cet outil sera développé afin de répondre à des questions plus complexes sur des sous-groupes de patients. / Renal transplantation is nowadays recognized as the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease in children and young adults. It is associated with improved survival, better quality of life and better long-term cost-effectiveness. However, many questions remain considering the optimal management of the patients before transplantation, during the transplantation process and after transplantation. We aim to analyze the care and treatment received by children with chronic kidney diseases, to detect potential disparities in patients’ management and to provide useful tools to help decision-making and treatment planning.We used several data sources including the French renal replacement therapy (RRT) registry (REIN), the European RRT registry (ESPN/ERA-EDTA) and the French National medico-administrative Hospital Discharge database (PMSI).First, we focused on medical and non-medical factors that may induce disparity and found that besides medical factors, female gender was associated with a delayed access to renal transplantation and especially to preemptive transplantation. This might be partially explained by a faster decline of renal function in girls that remains to be explored. Aside for patients’ characteristics, we found that centers’ practices strongly impact patients’ trajectories. It is a main factor both in the choice of the first modality of RRT (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) and in the access to renal transplantation especially through a faster access to the renal transplant waiting list.Then, we focused on the subgroup of the younger patients starting RRT before 2 years old, whose management is particularly challenging. We confirmed the great improvement in the care of those patients with only extrarenal comorbidities being still associated with a poorer survival. Considering renal transplant survival, we assess the importance of a matching in height between the donor and the recipient with an optimal donor/recipient height ratio between 1.4 and 1.8 and the importance of HLA matching especially in class 2. We aim to combine those risk factors in a prediction tool to help clinicians in their choices and will perform an external validation of this tool on another cohort.Based on the hospital discharge data, we studied post-transplant complications requiring a hospitalization and found that infections are the main cause of hospitalization post-transplant, far more frequent than graft rejection or cancer.Finally, given the longevity of children undergoing kidney transplantation, most pediatric recipients will inevitably develop graft failure, requiring a return to dialysis or a second transplant so that one should consider the complete trajectory of the patients and try to maximize the time spent with a functioning transplant and minimize the time spent on dialysis. We developed a simulation tool allowing us to test modifications of treatment strategies (e.i: increase in transplantation from living-donor kidney or in preemptive transplantation, better HLA-matching at first transplantation) and their effect on patients’ trajectories. This tool will be further implemented to answer more complex questions on specific subgroups of patients.

No description available.

Context:Broken heart syndrome or Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a disorder characterized by transient left ventricular apical ballooning that almost invariably precedes emotional or physical stress. Although the patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis have shown to exhibit sustained activity of sympathetic nervous system, the presentation of TC in these patients is a rare entity with few case reports in the literature. Case Report: A 75-year-old female with past medical history of end-stage renal disease presented with chest pressure and heaviness that started during her maintenance hemodialysis session. Electrocardiogram showed ST elevation and T wave inversion in V3-V6 leads. Emergent left heart catheterization was done that showed normal coronaries and akinesis of apical left ventricle wall consistent with TC. She was started on maximal medical management and underwent hemodialysis the next day without recurrence of the symptoms. Conclusion: TC may an underdiagnosed entity in patients on hemodialysis. However, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in hemodialysis patients, particularly who presents with chest pain and/or symptoms.

Nonadherence to fluid restrictions is a common problem with serious health consequences for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). For the present study, the authors evaluated psychological variables of stress, as measured by major and minor life events, and depression. They sought to determine the role of these events in patients’failure to adhere to fluid restrictions as measured by increased interdialytic weight gain. Forty-two hemodialysis patients completed inventories assessing major life events, daily stressful events, and depression on three consecutive dialysis sessions. Fluid adherence was measured by interdialytic weight gain. A path analysis model found daily minor stress to have a direct effect on nonadherence, whereas there was a direct inverse effect of depression on nonadherence. Possible mechanisms and implications for future studies arediscussed.

Dialysis patients are often denied hospice benefits unless they forego dialysis treatments. However, many of those patients might benefit from as-needed dialysis treatments to palliate symptoms of uremia, fluid overload, etc. The current Medicare payment system precludes this "palliative dialysis" except in those few cases where the terminal diagnosis is unrelated to renal failure. As approximately three quarters of all US patients on dialysis have Medicare as their primary insurance, a of review of Medicare policy is suggested, with a goal of creating a new "palliative dialysis" category that would allow patients to receive treatments on a less regular schedule without affecting the quality statistics of the dialysis center.

Background: Complications related to peritoneal dialysis (PD) in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), including intraperitoneal rupture of renal cyst, hernia, membrane failure and peritonitis, have been reported. However, long-term clinical outcomes of ADPKD patients on PD remain unclear. We performed this meta-analysis to assess the risks of death, technique failure and peritonitis in ADPKD patients on PD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from inception to October 2017 to identify studies that evaluated the outcomes of ADPKD patients on PD, including the risks of death, technique failure and peritonitis. Non-ADPKD patients on PD were used as controls. Effect estimates from the individual study were extracted and combined using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results: Twelve cohort studies with a total of 14 673 patients on PD (931 ADPKD and 13 742 non-ADPKD patients) were enrolled. Compared with non-ADPKD status, ADPKD was associated with significantly decreased mortality risk with pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.53–0.86; I 2 = 0). There were no associations of ADPKD with the risks of technique failure of PD and peritonitis with pooled OR of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.79–1.10; I 2 = 0) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.75–1.05; I 2 = 0), respectively. We found no publication bias as assessed by Egger's regression asymmetry test, with P = 0.90, 0.28 and 0.60 for the risks of mortality, technique failure and peritonitis in ADPKD patients on PD, respectively. Conclusion: Compared with non-ADPKD patients on PD, our study demonstrates that ADPKD patients on PD have 0.68-fold decreased mortality risk. There are no associations of ADPKD status with the risks of technique failure or peritonitis.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21256号 / 医博第4374号 / 新制||医||1029(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 小川 修, 教授 川村 孝 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.