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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Papel da Endoglina/CD105 em leucemias agudas: um potencial alvo para intervenção terapêutica

Dourado, Keina Maciiele Campos January 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Pós Imunologia (ppgimicsufba@gmail.com) on 2017-02-07T19:17:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_KM_final.pdf: 2714851 bytes, checksum: ae197797f7e0966b1ad54595314ce1fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2017-02-08T16:21:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_KM_final.pdf: 2714851 bytes, checksum: ae197797f7e0966b1ad54595314ce1fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T16:21:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_KM_final.pdf: 2714851 bytes, checksum: ae197797f7e0966b1ad54595314ce1fa (MD5) / CAPES / O tratamento das leucemias agudas continua sendo um grande desafio clínico devido, principalmente à heterogeneidade e alta toxicidade da terapia padrão utilizada. Dessa forma, novos alvos terapêuticos são urgentemente necessários e os anticorpos monoclonais tem surgido como uma das opções terapêuticas mais promissoras. A endoglina, também conhecida como CD105, é um receptor da superfamília do TGF-β, expresso nas células-tronco hematopoiéticas (HSC) de todos os sítios hematopoiéticos, incluindo a medula óssea, onde é descrita como um marcador para HSC de longo prazo. Apesar da expressão de CD105 ter sido relacionada a diversos tipos de tumores sólidos, principalmente devido ao papel desse receptor na angiogênese, relativamente pouco é conhecido em relação a expressão de CD105 e a sua função em neoplasias hematopoiéticas. Este estudo revelou alta expressão de endoglin na maioria dos blastos de pacientes com leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) e leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA). Utilizando um modelo de xenotransplante, verificamos que as blastos CD105+ possuem uma actividade leucemogênica superior em comparação com a população de CD105-. Adicionalmente, investigamos se o bloqueio da endoglina, usando TRC105, poderia resultar em uma opção terapêutica para tratamento das leucemias agudas e descobrimos que na LMA, o TRC105 impediu o engraftment de blastos primários e inibiu a progressão da leucemia após o estabelecimento da doença, mas na LLA, o TRC105 sozinho foi ineficaz devido à uma maior secreção da forma soluvél da endoglina (sENG). No entanto, tanto na LLA quanto na LMA, TRC105 potencializou o efeito terapeutico da quimioterapia padrão e inibiu a progressão da doença, indicando que TRC105 pode representar uma nova opção terapêutica para LLA e LMA. / Successful treatment of acute leukemia remains a clinical challenge due to the toxicity and the relatively poor responses to the current standard therapy. Thus, treatments that address novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed and, for this purpose, monoclonal antibodies have been one of the most promising strategy once they are able to deliver their therapeutic effects with minimal toxicity. Endoglin, also known as CD105, is a receptor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily that has been found expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from all hematopoietic sites, including the bone marrow, in which it is described as a marker for long-term HSC. CD105 is also found to be expressed in several cancers. However, because CD105 expression has been studied mostly in the context of solid tumors and angiogenesis, relatively little is known about CD105 expression and role in hematopoietic malignancies. We identified endoglin expression on the majority of blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Using a xenograft model, we find that CD105+ blasts are endowed with superior leukemogenic activity compared to the CD105- population. We test the effect of targeting this receptor using the monoclonal antibody TRC105, and find that in AML, TRC105 prevented the engraftment of primary AML blasts and inhibited leukemia progression following disease establishment, but in B-ALL, TRC105 alone was ineffective due to the shedding of soluble CD105. However, in both B-ALL and AML, TRC105 synergized with reduced intensity myeloablation to inhibit leukemogenesis, indicating that TRC105 may represent a novel therapeutic option for B-ALL and AML.
2

Alterações moleculares nos genes da activina (Activin receptor-like kinase-1-ALK-1) e endoglina (ENG) em telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditária tipo 1 e 2 / Three novel mutations in the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK-1) gene in hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasia type 2 in brazilian patients

Assis, Ângela Maria de 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T04:59:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Assis_AngelaMariade_D.pdf: 2409399 bytes, checksum: 620279a2d72b5132a10f7af956d4bebf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária (THH) é uma desordem autossômica dominante caracterizada por epistaxe recorrente, telangiectases mucocutânea, hemorragia gastrointestinal, e malformação arteriovenosa pulmonar (PAVM), cerebral e hepática. A prevalência da doença é de 1/5000 e a mortalidade relatada da doença entre pacientes jovens quando comparado com aqueles com mais de 60 anos é de 36%. Dois genes da superfamília de receptores para TGF-? têm sido relacionados com THH, o gene da endoglina e o gene da activina (activin receptor-like-kinase). Estes genes são altamente expressos em células endoteliais e outros tecidos altamente vascularizados como pulmão e placenta. Mutações no gene da endoglina causam a THH tipo 1 que é caracterizada pela alta incidência de malformação arteriovenosa pulmonar sintomática (PAVMs). Mutações no gene da activina levam a THH tipo 2 caracterizada por epistaxe recorrente e malformação arteriovenosa gastrointestinal. Foi objetivo deste trabalho realizar uma triagem de mutações na região codificadora dos genes ALK-1 e endoglina em doze pacientes portadores de THH atendidos no Hemocentro da Unicamp. A abordagem metodológica incluiu a amplificação dos exóns dos genes da activina e endoglina seguida pela técnica de PCR/CSGE, clonagem e sequenciamento. Dos doze pacientes estudados, sete apresentaram alguma alteração molecular, destes três pacientes apresentaram uma deleção de um nucleotídeo T na posição 913 no exon 7, um paciente apresentou uma inserção de um nucleotídeo G na posição 204-205 no exon 3 e três pacientes apresentavam uma mutação misense nos exons 7 e 8 na posição 976 e 1204 respectivamente. Nossos resultados mostraram que a THH tipo 1 e tipo 2 são raras no Brasil e todas as mutações citadas na tabela IV e Figura 10 são novas, somente a mutação ocorrida no exon 8 foi previamente descrita na literatura / Abstract: Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in humans, also known as HHT or Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome, is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder characterizes by recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectases, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cerebral and hepatic arteriovenous malformations (HAVM). The prevalence of the illness is of 1/5000 and the reported mortality of the illness among young patients when compared with those with more than 60 years is 36%. Two genes of the receptors superfamily for TGF-? have been related with THH, the gene of the endoglin (ENG) in the chromosome 9q33-34 and the gene of the activin (receptor-like-kinase 1 ALK-1), in the chromosome 12q11q14. These genes are highly express in endothelial cells and other tissue highly vascularized as lung and placenta. Mutations in the gene of the endoglin cause the HHT type 1 which is characterized by the high incidence of symptomatic pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). Mutations in the activin gene cause HHT were described among patients in whom the linking with HHT in the chromosome 9q33 or mutation in the endoglin gene was excluded. It was the objective of this work to carry through a selection of mutations in the coding region of gene ALK-1 and endoglin in 12 patients carrying HHT whose are treated in the Blood Center at Unicamp. Methods: Twelve patients were analyzed. Diagnosis of HHT was carried out by means of clinical history of recurrent bleeding, heredity studies, and the presence of multiple telangiectases lesions. PCR products with consistent abnormal migration patterns were cloned into the SureCloneTM ligation kit vector system and sequenced using the DYEnamic TM ET dye terminator cycle sequencing Kit, and analyzed by the MegaBace 1000 DNA automated analyzer. A panel of 252 chromosomes from unrelated individuals without the disease was used to evaluate the frequency of each mutation in the general population. Results: In six patients three novel mutations were identified in the coding sequence of the ALK-1 gene in their families, which demonstrated clinical manifestations of HHT type 2. These mutations included an insertion a deletion of single base pairs in éxons 3 (c.204-205insG) and 7 (c.913del T), as well as missense mutations in éxons 7 (c.976A>G) and 8 (c.1204G>A) of the ALK-1 gene. The mutations identified in éxons 7 and 8 affect the kinase domain and the mutation identified in éxon 3 affect the extracellular domain. These data indicate that loss-of-function mutations in a single allele of the ALK1 locus are sufficient to contribute to defects in maintaining endothelial integrity. Conclusion: We suggest the high rate of mutation detection and the small size of the ALK-1 gene make genomic sequencing a viable diagnostic test for HHT2. This was the only research about this subject made in Brazil so far / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular
3

Express?o imuno-histoqu?mica dos marcadores angiog?nicos CD105 (endoglina) e CD34 em hemangiomas e granulomas piog?nicos orais

Vasconcelos, Marcelo Gadelha 26 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloGV.pdf: 2007167 bytes, checksum: 5ee7e9c9bd56fd72fecb1874fb64a80e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Angiogenesis, a fundamental mechanism in tumor development, is used for differential diagnosis and prognosis purposes in various neoplasias of the head and neck. This study proposes to assess angiogenic activity using immunohistochemical expression by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 antibodies in 20 cases of hemangiomas and 20 cases of oral pyogenic granulomas, in addition to determining the usefulness of these markers as one of the differential diagnosis resources for these two oral lesions. The results showed no statistically significant difference between microvascular count (MVC) means determined by anti-CD105 (p = 0.803) and anti-CD34 (p = 0.279) antibodies. The mean number of vessels obtained by MVC in the oral hemangiomas immunostained by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 was 18.75 and 59.72, respectively, whereas in the oral pyogenic granulomas, the mean number was 20.22 and 48.09 respectively. It was also shown that CD34 was more effective than CD105 in identifying blood vessels. However, it must be pointed out that the anti-CD105 antibody seems to be more related to vascular neoformation. Overall, this assay reinforces the role of angiogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of hemangiomas and oral pyogenic granulomas, but the results showed that angiogenesis quantification cannot be used as a differential diagnosis parameter between the two lesions analyzed / A angiog?nese ? um mecanismo fundamental para o desenvolvimento tumoral, sendo utilizada para fins de diagn?stico diferencial e determina??o de progn?stico em v?rias neoplasias de cabe?a e pesco?o. Este trabalho se prop?s avaliar a atividade angiog?nica atrav?s da express?o imuno-histoqu?mica dos anticorpos anti-CD105 e anti-CD34 em 20 casos de hemangiomas e 20 casos de granulomas piog?nicos orais, al?m de averiguar a utilidade destes marcadores como um dos recursos de diagn?stico diferencial para estas duas les?es orais. Os resultados deste experimento demonstraram que n?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre as m?dias de contagem microvascular (MVC) determinadas pelos os anticorpos anti-CD105 (p=0,803) e anti-CD34 (p=0,279). O n?mero m?dio dos vasos obtidos pela MVC nos esp?cimes de hemangiomas orais imunomarcados pelo anti-CD105 e anti-CD34 foram respectivamente 18,75 e 59,72, enquanto nos granulomas piog?nicos orais, o n?mero m?dio dos vasos obtidos pela MVC pelo anti-CD105 e anti-CD34 foram respectivamente 20,22 e 48,09. Foi verificado, tamb?m, que o CD34 foi mais efetivo na identifica??o de vasos sang??neos quando comparado com o CD105. Entretanto, faz-se necess?rio destacar, que o anticorpo anti-CD105 parece estar mais relacionado com a neoforma??o vascular. Em linhas gerais, este ensaio refor?a a participa??o dos fatores angiog?nicos na etiopatog?nese dos hemangiomas e granulomas piog?nicos orais, por?m os resultados mostraram que a quantifica??o da angiog?nese n?o pode ser utilizada como par?metro de diagn?stico diferencial entre as duas les?es analisadas

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