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by Joseph W.C. Leung. / Bibliography: leaves 181-203 / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986

This record of study describes work done in the capacity of Research and Development (R&D) Engineer at Byrne Medical Incorporated, Conroe, TX. The company manufactures accessories used for endoscopic irrigation. The endoscopy system requires a supply of pressurized distilled water that is used by the physician for certain procedures. It becomes the responsibility of the irrigation subsystem to fulfill this need. It consists of a pressurization system, distilled water holder, tubing to convey this to the endoscope and fittings to interface the tubing to the endoscope body. Byrne Medical Inc. manufactures products from every stage of the system for many of the larger endoscope manufacturers. As an R&D Engineer, I was placed in the operations facility to aid the engineering team in its role to develop, test, prototype and refine products. In performing this role, I had to work with managers and staff from different functional areas of the company. Projects did not stop with technical design; they called for effective communication, planning and decision making. This document covers salient projects completed during the course of the internship. Designing an endoscopic irrigation pump to be sold in conjunction with an instrument cart was one. An automated measurement system comprising of instrumentation interfaced with a personal computer and LabVIEW software is another. To facilitate assembly, tools to insert plastic components into extruded tubes were designed in SolidWorks. Another project that involved mechanical design and elements of project management was designing a tubeset to be used with an Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) system. This was done by Byrne Medical Inc. for Boston Scientific Corporation, the manufacturers of the core ERCP system. These projects not only called for engineering skills but inputs from other departments and personnel also. Inputs from regulatory affairs, technicians and clean room staff were critical to the success of all these projects.

This record of study describes work done in the capacity of Research and Development (R&D) Engineer at Byrne Medical Incorporated, Conroe, TX. The company manufactures accessories used for endoscopic irrigation. The endoscopy system requires a supply of pressurized distilled water that is used by the physician for certain procedures. It becomes the responsibility of the irrigation subsystem to fulfill this need. It consists of a pressurization system, distilled water holder, tubing to convey this to the endoscope and fittings to interface the tubing to the endoscope body. Byrne Medical Inc. manufactures products from every stage of the system for many of the larger endoscope manufacturers. As an R&D Engineer, I was placed in the operations facility to aid the engineering team in its role to develop, test, prototype and refine products. In performing this role, I had to work with managers and staff from different functional areas of the company. Projects did not stop with technical design; they called for effective communication, planning and decision making. This document covers salient projects completed during the course of the internship. Designing an endoscopic irrigation pump to be sold in conjunction with an instrument cart was one. An automated measurement system comprising of instrumentation interfaced with a personal computer and LabVIEW software is another. To facilitate assembly, tools to insert plastic components into extruded tubes were designed in SolidWorks. Another project that involved mechanical design and elements of project management was designing a tubeset to be used with an Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) system. This was done by Byrne Medical Inc. for Boston Scientific Corporation, the manufacturers of the core ERCP system. These projects not only called for engineering skills but inputs from other departments and personnel also. Inputs from regulatory affairs, technicians and clean room staff were critical to the success of all these projects.

Thesis (M.A.)--Washington State University, May 2010. Thesis (M.A. in speech and hearing sciences)--Washington State University, May 2010. / "Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences." Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 10, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 14-16).

Early stage detection of cancerous tissue is critical to increasing the 5-year survival rate for patients. The development of devices capable of accessing and visualizing these tissue sites plays an important role in this process. Many cancer types have existing screening methods however many have proven ineffective in large clinical trials. Since early stages of cancer development often has subtle changes from normal tissue, traditional non-invasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging are not able to detect them. The following work evaluates the feasibility of miniaturization of Volume Holographic Imaging (VHI) systems into laparoscopic endoscopes for tissue and cancer screening. The work is divided into two main sections discussing the design and evaluation of each imaging system. The first system is a Reflectance VHI Endoscope designed for simultaneous imaging of two imaging depths within a tissue sample. The system is evaluated for resolution and contrast through imaging of resolution bar targets and soft tissue samples. The second system is a Wavelength Coded VHI Endoscope which combines the Reflectance VHI Endoscope imaging properties with axial chromatic dispersion effects of Gradient Index (GRIN) optics to improve the volume holographic element performance and reduce excess background light. Both Reflectance and Wavelength Coded VHI systems utilize a sub-4 mm diameter rigid relay probe which has been approved for in-vivo applications. The sub-4.4 µm/lp resolution produced by both VHI Endoscope systems and tissue depth separations of 50 µm and 100 µm for the Reflectance and Wavelength Coded designs, respectively, make VHI systems a candidate for clinical evaluation of early stage cancer development.

Surgical robotic systems with rigid components have been extensively researched as methods to assist in various medical procedures and surgeries. While these systems have been highly effective in assisting a variety of minimally invasive surgeries, they are restricted to discrete motions, and do not provide the flexibility or compliance necessary for applications that require navigation through the tortuous paths of the body. Recent growth and development in the field of soft robotics have allowed researchers to overcome many of these restrictions with the potential to exceed the performance of rigid robotics. However, soft robotic sensing capabilities still leave much to be desired in a field where accuracy and sensitivity are key. Previous work on a soft robotic sleeve with embedded soft optical force sensors has shown the potential for soft optical waveguides to be a viable method of improving navigation and safety in colonoscopy procedures. Here, we improve upon this work through a complete overhaul of the soft optical waveguide architecture to allow for increased contact force sensitivity and the ability to detect distributed forces all while boasting a significantly thinner physical profile. This is accomplished through the integration of advanced hybrid stiffness structures, fabrication techniques, mechanical design, and core material into an updated sleeve. The sleeve’s performance is then validated in a testing environment simulating the forces displayed in a human colon during colonoscopy procedures. / 2025-05-31T00:00:00Z

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In the second part, after performing in-vitro experiments to measure the resistant force of the small intestine, we propose a magnetic actuation method. The magnetic marker for localization acts as a seed to be actuated by multiple coils placed outside of the human body. The basic idea is that the magnetic seed is subject to a force and a torque in a magnetic field. An efficient computation scheme is designed and implemented to calculate the coil currents for real-time actuation. Simulations are performed on a six-coil actuation system to evaluate the method. As an alternative method, an internal actuator, which consists of a magnetic spring and can propel itself forward under an alternating current, is introduced to increase the mobility of the capsule and decrease the demand for a strong external field. The external magnetic field is also simulated to orient the internal actuator. / The development of wireless capsule endoscope realizes the examination of the whole gastrointestinal tract. The technology reduces patients' pain and benefits the doctors as well. However, it loses some functions that conventional endoscope owns because of the passive locomotion mode. To improve the situation, an active capsule endoscope is preferred by the community. / We put emphasis on two important problems in design of an active capsule endoscope: localization and actuation. The first part of our work focuses on the study of localization of the capsule taking advantage of the magnetic field. A small permanent magnet is enclosed in the capsule as a marker, and a tracking method is proposed based on the modelling of the marker as an ideal dipole. The five localization parameters are computed by minimizing the differences between the theoretical field values and sensing signals using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. One-axis Hall sensors and three-axis magnetoresistive sensors are employed respectively to implement the localization method. The system performance is evaluated by a series of tracking experiments. / Wang Xiaona. / "September 2006." / Adviser: Max Meng. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1771. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-171). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Background Failures in non-technical skills (NTS) contribute to adverse events in healthcare. Previous research has explored the assessment and training of these skills, and yet there is a lack of evidence for their impact on clinical outcomes. Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a high-pressure specialty, but to date there is little on the role of NTS in this area, or a method for their assessment. This MD project aims to measure NTS in endoscopy, explore their relationship with clinical outcomes, and identify those specific to this area of healthcare. Methods An observational study of endoscopy teams in real time, using the Oxford NOTECHS II assessment tool. Comparison of NTS performance with procedure outcomes and patient satisfaction. A qualitative interview study with staff members to establish the NTS specifically relevant to working in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Results Reliability of the Oxford NOTECHS II tool by a single rater in this environment was good. Positive relationships were found between NTS scores and polyp detection, scope withdrawal time and completion of items on a safety checklist. However, relationships with other outcomes, including patient satisfaction were weak, or inconclusive. The themes identified relating to NTS in gastrointestinal endoscopy were leadership, working together as a team, situation awareness, making decisions, the patient and communication. Conclusions Although few conclusive relationships were found between NTS performance and procedure outcomes, those positive associations found seem logical as they are likely to reflect increased care and vigilance. This may have been affected by a lack of variation in scores. The NTS relevant to this area are similar to other areas of healthcare. However, the interaction with and around the awake patient is unique to endoscopy and an important influence on the NTS that staff must possess. There is scope to develop a more specific tool for the assessment of NTS in endoscopy.