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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Investigação do potencial antimicrobiano de Casearia sylvestris sobre microrganismo endossimbionte de Diabrotica speciosa / Investigation of the potential antimicrobial of casearia sylvestris on the endosymbiont microorganisms of diabrotica speciosa

Marques, Fabiana Aparecida 27 March 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5223.pdf: 14772341 bytes, checksum: f9288ce2d5f0b661781b49aa3722146b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Diabrotica speciosa is a pest insect which occurs in most Brazilian states, standing out as one of the most important polyphagous pest of in grain crops. The understand of the role of the microbiota present in the digestive tract and of this insect the identification of ways to interfer or even to eliminate this microbial flora they are knowlegdes that, may lead mode of action to control of the pest insect. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity present in the digestive tract of larvae and adults of D. speciosa and in the sometime, to investigate the potential of C. sylvestris as an antimicrobial agent. As results, they were obtained 21 bacterial isolates and 8 fungal isolates. The proteic profile of these microrganisms were analyzed by using MALDI-TOF/MS. Afterwards, these data were grouped identifying clusters of isolates. A bacteria each groups was identified by rDNA sequencing, 16S region. Identified bacteria were: Pantoea agglomerans, Luteibacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas temperans Acidovorax sp. Two isolated fungi were identified through morphological comparison with literature data, and identified as Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. A further study was carried out with Luteibacter sp bacteria, which were isolated from D. speciosa larva. In this study was evaluated growth profile and the parameters to carry out the antimicrobial assay. Several kind of microbial assays were investigated such as agar diffusion and microdilution plate ELISA®. The second method showed the best results. Thus, a microdiluition methodology using fluorometric assay, was developed and validated, highlighting parameter such as linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, robustness, recovery, limites of detection, quantification and detection, etc. This method was applied evaluating extracts, fraction and secondary molecules of cerrado plants. Phytochemical study of C. sylvestris leaves resulted in the isolation of an umpublished tricyclic sesquiterpene, the flavonoid catechin and a clerodane diterpene, which was used as a reference marker in chromatographic method to quality control of the extracts and fractions of C. sylvestris that were used in assays. / A Diabrotica speciosa é uma espécie que ocorre na maioria dos estados brasileiros, destacando-se como uma das principais pragas polífagas nas culturas de grãos. O entendimento da função da microbiota presente no trato digestivo deste inseto e a identificação de meios de interferir ou até mesmo destruir essa flora microbiana são conhecimentos que podem levar a um novo modo de ação para o controle de insetos praga. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade microbiana presente no trato digestivo de larvas e insetos adultos de D. speciosa e avaliar o potencial de Casearia sylvestris e extratos de plantas do cerrado como agente antimicrobiano. Como resultados, foram obtidos 19 isolados bacterianos e 8 fúngicos. Estes foram avaliados em termos de perfis protéico por MALDI-TOF/MS, e após a obtenção de agrupamentos estatísticos alguns microrganismos foram identificadas através do seqüenciamento de rDNA região 16S. As bactérias identificadas foram: Pantoea agglomerans, Luteibacter sp., Serratia marcescens, Acidovorax temperans e Pseudomonas sp. Dos isolados fúngicos, dois foram identificados através de comparação morfológica como dados da literatura, pertencendo aos gêneros; Cladosporium sp. e Penicillium sp. Um estudo mais aprofundado foi realizado com a bactéria Luteibacter sp isolada da larva, que teve seu perfil de crescimento avaliado, possibilitando o ajuste de parâmetros para realização de ensaios antimicrobiano. Para estes ensaios foram testadas metodologias de difusão em ágar e por microdiluição em placa de ELISA®, sendo na segunda metodologia obtido os melhores resultados. Assim, uma metodologia por microdiluição foi validada através da utilização do fluorímetro, analisando figuras de mérito como faixa linear de trabalho, precisão, exatidão, limites de quantificação e detecção, etc. O método por microdiluição foi aplicado ensaiando extratos, frações e metabólitos de plantas do cerrado. O estudo fitoquímico das folhas de C. sylvestris propiciou o isolamento de um sesquiterpeno tricíclico inédito na literatura, um flavonóide (catequina) e um diterpeno clerodânico que foi utilizado como marcador de referência para controle cromatográfico de qualidade de extratos e frações C sylvestris que foram submetidos a ensaios antimicrobianos.
22

Développement de méthodes d'assemblage de génomes de novo adaptées aux bactéries endosymbiotes

Théroux, Jean-François 04 1900 (has links)
Le but de ce projet était de développer des méthodes d'assemblage de novo dans le but d'assembler de petits génomes, principalement bactériens, à partir de données de séquençage de nouvelle-génération. Éventuellement, ces méthodes pourraient être appliquées à l'assemblage du génome de StachEndo, une Alpha-Protéobactérie inconnue endosymbiote de l'amibe Stachyamoeba lipophora. Suite à plusieurs analyses préliminaires, il fut observé que l’utilisation de lectures Illumina avec des assembleurs par graphe DeBruijn produisait les meilleurs résultats. Ces expériences ont également montré que les contigs produits à partir de différentes tailles de k-mères étaient complémentaires pour la finition des génomes. L’ajout de longues paires de lectures chevauchantes se montra essentiel pour la finition complète des grandes répétitions génomiques. Ces méthodes permirent d'assembler le génome de StachEndo (1,7 Mb). L'annotation de ce génome permis de montrer que StachEndo possède plusieurs caractéristiques inhabituelles chez les endosymbiotes. StachEndo constitue une espèce d'intérêt pour l'étude du développement endosymbiotique. / The goal of this project was to develop de novo genome assembly methods adapted to small genomes, especially bacterial, using next-generation sequencing data. Eventually, these methods could be used to assemble the genome of StachEndo, an unknown Alpha-Proteobacteria ensymbiont of the Stachyamoeba lipophora amoeba. Preliminary findings showed that the use of Illumina reads with DeBruijn graph assemblers yielded the best results. These experiments also showed that contigs produced with k-mers of various sizes were complementary in genome finishing assays. The addition of long-range paired-end reads proved necessary to fully close genomic assembly gaps. These methods made the assembly of StachEndo’s genome (1.7 Mb) possible. Through the annotation of StachEndo’s genes, several features that are unusal for endosymbionts were identified. StachEndo seems to be an interesting species for the study of endosymbiotic evolution.

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