It! is! necessary! for! large! companies! to! understand! and! be! able! to! adapt! to! the! industrial! transformation! towards! an! increasing! focus! on! energy! efficiency,! which! takes! place! today.! The!Energy!Efficiency!Directive!(EED)!issued!by!the!European!Union!has!enlarged!the!focus! on! working! with! energy! efficiency! within! large! companies.! Further,! the! Swedish! government! has! introduced! the! law! about! energy! auditing! in! large! companies,! which! is! based! on! the! EED.! These! regulations! encourage! companies! to! develop! a! management! system!that!includes!requirements!on!conducting!energy!audits!and!propose!costDeffective! measures.! ! Energy! efficiency! is! already! an! important! aspect! within! many! companies! environmental! work,! however! a! more! developed! and! systematic! approach! to! energy! efficiency! than! most! companies! already! have! is! needed! in! order! to! fulfill! the! legal! requirements.! The! Company! investigated! in! this! study! is! one! the! worlds! leading! technology! companies! with! more! than! 9000! employees! in! Sweden.! Currently,! they! have! energy! as! a! significant! aspect! in! their! environmental! work! according! to! the! international! management! system! standard! ISO! 14001.! Today! they! are! also! developing! their! energy! work! by! conducting! energy! audits! in! order!to!comply!with!the!new!legislation.!This!gives!a!more!detailed!view!of!the!energy!use! and! potential! improvements! that! can! be! done,! but! in! order! to! ensure! continual! improvements!over!a!long!period!of!time!further!measures!are!needed.!! ! Within! this! study! it! was! investigated! what! measures! a! large! company! needs! to! implement! in! order! to! increase! their! energy! performance! and! comply! with! the! legislation.! By! a! literature! review! focusing! on! management! systems! as! well! as! interviews! within! the! Company,! a! complementary! study! with! two! companies! covered! by! the! EED! and! three! expert! interviews,! five! key! factors! were! identified.! These! factors! are;! top! management! commitment,! awareness,! goals,! measurements! and! evaluation.! A! model! was! then! developed! aligning! these! factors.! Further,! concrete! proposals! for! action! to! manage! these! factors! were! presented.! By! increasing! focus! on! these! key! factors! and! implement! proposed! measures! companies! will! increase! their! energy! performance! and! also! make! the! organization!aware!of!how!actions!affect!a!company’s!energy!performance.!

Det är nödvändigt för stora företag att förstå och kunna anpassa sig till den industriella omvandling mot ett ökat fokus på energieffektivitet som sker idag. Energieffektiviseringsdirektivet som Europeiska Unionen har utfärdat har ökat fokus på att arbeta med energieffektivitet i stora företag. Vidare har den svenska regeringen infört lagen om energikartläggning i stora företag som är baserad på Energieffektiviseringsdirektivet. Dessa lagstadgade krav uppmuntrar företag att utveckla ett ledningssystem som ställer krav på genomförande av energikartläggningar samt föreslå kostnadseffektiva åtgärder. Energieffektivitet är redan en riktigdel i många företags miljöarbete dock krävs ett mer Utvecklat och systematiskt arbetssätt än det många företag redan har för att uppnå kraven i Energieffektiviseringsdirektivet och den svenska lagen. Företaget som har undersökts i denna studie är ett världsledande teknikföretag med mer än 9000 anställda i Sverige. För närvarande har de energi som en signifikant aspekt i sitt miljöarbete i enlighet med den internationella standarden för miljöledningssystem ISO14001dag utvecklar de även sitt energiarbete genom att utföra energikartläggningar för att uppfylla den nya lagstiftningen. Detta ger en mer detaljerad insikt över energianvändningen och möjliga förbättringar som kan göras, men för att säkerställa ständiga förbättringar över en längre tidsperiod krävs ytterligare åtgärder.  I den här studien har det undersökts vilka åtgärder som ett stort företag måste införa för att öka energiprestandan och följa lagstiftningen. Genom en litteraturstudie som fokuserade på ledningssystem i kombination med intervjuer på det undersöka företaget, en kompletterande studie av två företag som omfattas av direktivet samt tre expertintervjuer identifierades fem nyckelfaktorer. Dessa faktorer är högsta ledningens engagemang, medvetenhet, mål, mätningar och utvärdering. En modell för att strukturera faktorerna utvecklades sedan. Vidare presenterades konkreta förslag på hur dessa faktorer ska implementeras. Genom att öka fokus på dessa nyckelfaktorer och implementera föreslagna åtgärder kommer företag öka sin energiprestanda och medvetenhet i organisationen om hur olika handlingar påverkar företagets energiprestanda. / It is necessary for large companies to understand and be able to adapt to the industrial Transformation towards an increasing focus on energy efficiency, which takes place today. The Energy Efficiency Directive (EED)issued by the European Union has enlarged the focus on working with energy efficiency within large companies. Further, the Swedish government has introduced the law about energy auditing in large companies, which is based on the EED. These regulations encourage companies to develop a management system that includes requirements on conducting energy audits and propose cost Deffective measures. Energy efficiency is already an important aspect within many companies environmental work, however a more developed and systematic approach to energy efficiency than most companies already have is needed in order to fulfill the legal requirements. The Company investigated in this study is one the worlds leading technology companies with more than 9000  employees in Sweden. Currently, they have energy as a significant aspect in their environmental work according to the international management system standard ISO 14001. Today they are also developing their energy work by conducting energy audits in order to comply with the new legislation. This gives a mor detailed view of the energy use and potential improvements that can be done, but in order to ensure continual improvements over a long period of time further measures are needed. Within this study it was investigated what measures a large company needs to implement in order to increase their energy performance and comply with the legislation. By a literature review focusing on management systems as well as interviews within the Company, a complementary study with two companies covered by the EED and three expert  interviews, five key factors were identified. These factors are, top management commitment, awareness, goals, measurements and evaluation. A model was then developed aligning these factors. Further, concrete proposals for action to manage these factors were presented. By!increasing focus on these key factors and implement proposed measures companies will increase their energy performance and also make the organization aware of how actions affect a company’s energy performance

This thesis is an investigation of whether an energy efficiency obligation scheme would be cost-effective for the Swedish industrial sector. The basic guidelines of the scheme were constructed based on the characteristics proposed in the Energy Efficiency Directive and the previously implemented schemes in other EU Member States. In order to measure the cost effectiveness of the scheme for the industries, a Cost Benefit Analysis was performed. The results of the study show that the participation of the industries in an energy efficiency obligation scheme seems to be cost effective, and the Benefit to Cost Ratios of the analysis where ranging in numbers higher than one, showing that the benefits outweigh the costs. The scheme is in general more cost effective when scenarios assuming high policy intensity for the whole economy of the country are used as input for the calculation of the BCRs, which are also affected positively when higher fuel prices scenarios are adopted. The obligation should be placed upon the distributors, since the prices of energy distribution are administratively regulated. There is opportunity of financial benefits for the Swedish industries from agreements of energy savings delivery to the distributors in order for them to fulfill their obligation. These benefits will support the cost recovery of the investments for the energy savings measures. The possibility of certificate trading in the context of the scheme is another option that can create opportunities for financial gains and stimulate further the energy market. Basing the costs inputs from other EU Member States offers an insight on how these costs could be formed in the case of Sweden, but they cannot be taken as a complete calculation of the scheme’s financial effects. As a result, this study does not offer a final conclusion on the cost-effectiveness of the scheme; it rather serves as a means of support of the final conclusion regarding the cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency obligation schemes for the Swedish industries.