Células a combustível de óxido sólido (SOFC) produzem energia elétrica em elevadas temperaturas e, devido a isto, não necessitam da utilização de metais nobres para a promoção das reações eletródica em seus eletrodos. Entretanto, independentemente deste fato, quando biocombustíveis são utilizados diretamente há a formação de carbono nos eletrodos, o que promove a rápida degradação do dispositivo. Neste trabalho são preparados e estudados catalisadores anódicos baseados em níquel e num segundo metal para utilização como pré-camada anódica em células a combustível SOFC operando a 800 °C visando-se mitigar os efeitos da formação de carbono, aumentar o desempenho e prolongar a vida útil do dispositivo em operação com biocombustíveis, especialmente o etanol. Foram estudados os metais Co, Cu, Ru, Pd, Rh, e Ba. Os materiais foram caracterizados fisicamente para se estabelecer as suas estruturas cristalográficas bem como composição e morfologia. Estudou-se também o desempenho eletroquímico através do levantamento de curvas de polarização em estado estacionário, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica e cronoamperometria. Por fim, utilizou-se a técnica de espectrometria de massas para identificação de produtos reacionais. Da maneira como utilizadas, as camadas préanódicas atuaram como um filtro catalítico, promovendo reações de reforma e entregando ao ânodo um combustível com menor teor carbonáceo. Desta maneira todos os materiais mostraram-se em certa extensão capazes de promover a operação de células SOFC com etanol. Observou-se também atividade catalítica para outros combustíveis, sendo possível até mesmo a operação com metano e propano. Para fins deste estudo, o material que demonstrou melhor comportamento ante a operação com etanol tratou-se do NiRu, sendo alcançadas densidades de potência próximas a 0,9 W cm-2 a 500 mV. Em teste de durabilidade observou-se que a célula contendo este material operou por 150 h ininterruptas, ante 15 minutos possíveis para a célula sem proteção. / Solid Oxide Fuel Cells produce electrical energy at high temperatures without the need of noble metals. However, when a biofuel is directly used, carbon formation takes place, also known as \"coking\", which promotes rapid system degradation. In this work, bimetallic nickel based anodic catalysts are prepared and studied as anode prelayers for SOFC working at 800 °C fed with ethanol. The aims are to mitigate the effects of coking, improve the cell performance and extend the life usage of these devices when operating with biofuels, specially ethanol. As second metals Co, Cu, Ru, Pd, Rh and Ba were studied. The catalysts were physically characterized to establish their crystal structures as well as their chemical composition, and morphology. Electrochemical performance was studied using steady state olarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry for lifetime tests. Mass spectrometry was used in order to identify reactional products. In the way they were conceived and used, the anodic pre-layers worked as catalytic filters, promoting reforming reactions, delivering to anode surface a fuel with lower carbon content. All the studied materials showed in some extent activity for SOFC operating with biofuels, even making possible the operations with methane and propane. In the studies, NiRu material showed the best performance when operating with ethanol, reaching power densities as high as 0,9 W cm-2 at 500 mV. Endurance test made with this material showed that by using the NiRu based anode pre-layer fed with ethanol, under different load conditions, it is possible to operate the SOFC for about 150 h without interruption, versus 15 minutes for the uncovered anode.

Este trabalho propõe um procedimento para qualificar sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede, o qual possui dois focos principais: o comissionamento e a caracterização da produção de energia. Também resume alguns aspectos normativos relacionados aos sistemas fotovoltaicos, apresenta os principais parâmetros de desempenho utilizados para caracterizar um sistema fotovoltaico, propõe uma metodologia para calcular a energia injetada na rede, a qual incorpora modelos matemáticos e procedimentos de medição, tanto novos quanto convencionais, e aplica essa metodologia em um estudo de caso de um sistema fotovoltaico real. / This work proposes a procedure for qualifying grid-connected photovoltaic systems, which has two main focuses: the commissioning and the characterization of energy production. The work also summarizes some regulatory aspects related to photovoltaic systems, presents the main parameters used to characterize the performance of a photovoltaic system, proposes a methodology to calculate the energy injected into the grid, which incorporates both new and conventional mathematical models and measurement procedures, and applies this methodology to a case of study of a real photovoltaic system.

The 2040 governmental goal of 100 % renewable electricity in Sweden means that there will be a shift in electricity production and a phasing out of nuclear power. This nuclear power has to be replaced by some other source. Wind power is a viable alternative, thanks to its reliability and the abundance of wind in Sweden. However, wind power production requires a large amount of land and carries the risk of disrupting the landscape. Wind energy is therefore often difficult to develop, and when developed it is often in rural areas where it disturbs as few people as possible. This study presents an alternative to rural exploitation, it investigates whether it is possible to produce sufficient wind power to satisfy urban demand within 20 000 meters of the 20 largest cities in Sweden. Firstly, the criteria for areas where wind power can be developed were synthesised. Secondly a numerical model was used to simulate energy demand in TWh considering the future growth in demand and the phasing out of nuclear power. The demand for wind power was then translated into correlating area in km2. Finally, a GIS analysis was conducted to estimate the extent of area suitable for wind power development based on the criteria above and within a 20 000m perimeter from the 20 largest cities in Sweden. The analysis showed that only 35 % of the required area for wind power development fulfilled the criteria within the given perimeter. From the GIS analysis only 940.73 km2 was found to be suitable. From the numerical model, the results showed that for it to be sufficient, there would have to be at least 2687.1 km2 suitable land. The conclusion from this study is that in order to phase out the nuclear power, the majority of the wind power has to be located in the rural areas.

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-06-25T18:55:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Jose Cordeiro Neto.pdf: 2463465 bytes, checksum: 0687f5526c4954101e6edd6cea35bf0b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-06T18:34:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Jose Cordeiro Neto.pdf: 2463465 bytes, checksum: 0687f5526c4954101e6edd6cea35bf0b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-06T18:41:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Jose Cordeiro Neto.pdf: 2463465 bytes, checksum: 0687f5526c4954101e6edd6cea35bf0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T18:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Jose Cordeiro Neto.pdf: 2463465 bytes, checksum: 0687f5526c4954101e6edd6cea35bf0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-16 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Energy potential of forest species of the understory in commercial plantations of Brazil-nut case study: Agropecuaria Aruanã S.A. –This study aims to characterize the species of the understory vegetation of a planting of Brazil nuts Bertholletia excelsa H & B owned by Agropecuaria Arowana S.A., located in the municipality of Itacoatiara-AM, for energy production. The wood intended for energy purposes should be based, inter alia, on the knowledge of its calorific value and in its potential for production of biomass is therefore required an analysis of its energy potential. In vegetation forest inventory was held which resulted in an average of 880.89 ind/ha, a wood volume of 96.86 m³/ha, basal area of 8.49 m²/ha and biomass of 21.03 ton/ha. The phytosociological parameters of vegetation were estimated by the EIVI (Expanded Importance value index) and subsequently selected nine species with the highest values of EIVI for characterization of energy, adjusting templates for wood, biomass volume and stacking factor. It is concluded that the species that have stood out in floristic composition were guava of anta (Bellucia dichotoma Cogn) and lacre (Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers.), in which dominated the environment with almost 50% of the value of EIVI. Also had their basic density and characteristics of calorific power, favorable energy production. It is recommended to study the production system (phenology, seedling production, planting, spacing and cultural treatments) of these species, as are native, fast-growing, and adapted to the environment of the region / Potencial energético de espécies florestais do sub-bosque em plantios comerciais de Castanha-do-brasil – Estudo de caso: Agropecuária Aruanã - Este estudo tem como finalidade caracterizar as espécies de uma vegetação do sub-bosque de um plantio de Castanha-do-brasil Bertholletia excelsa H&B de propriedade da Agropecuária Aruanã S.A., localizada no Município de Itacoatiara – AM, para a produção de energia. A madeira destinada para fins energéticos deve basear-se, entre outros, no conhecimento do seu poder calorífico e no seu potencial para produção de biomassa, portanto, é necessária uma análise de seu potencial energético. Na vegetação foi realizado o inventário florestal que resultou em uma média de 880,89 ind/ha, um volume de madeira de 96,86 m³/ha, área basal de 8,49 m²/ha e biomassa de 21,03 ton/ha. Os parâmetros fitossociológicos da vegetação foram estimados pelo IVIA (Índice do Valor de Importância Ampliado) e posteriormente selecionados nove espécies com os maiores valores do IVIA para a caracterização energética das espécies, ajuste dos modelos para volume de madeira, biomassa e fator de empilhamento. Conclui-se que as espécies que mais se destacaram na composição florística foram goiaba de anta (Bellucia dichotoma Cogn) e lacre (Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers.), em que dominaram o ambiente com praticamente 50% do valor do IVIA. Também tiveram suas características de densidade básica e poder calorífico, favoráveis a produção de energia. Recomenda-se estudar o sistema de produção (fenologia, produção de mudas, época de plantio, espaçamento e tratamentos culturais) dessas espécies, pois são nativas, de crescimento rápido, e adaptadas ao ambiente da região.

Este trabalho propõe um procedimento para qualificar sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede, o qual possui dois focos principais: o comissionamento e a caracterização da produção de energia. Também resume alguns aspectos normativos relacionados aos sistemas fotovoltaicos, apresenta os principais parâmetros de desempenho utilizados para caracterizar um sistema fotovoltaico, propõe uma metodologia para calcular a energia injetada na rede, a qual incorpora modelos matemáticos e procedimentos de medição, tanto novos quanto convencionais, e aplica essa metodologia em um estudo de caso de um sistema fotovoltaico real. / This work proposes a procedure for qualifying grid-connected photovoltaic systems, which has two main focuses: the commissioning and the characterization of energy production. The work also summarizes some regulatory aspects related to photovoltaic systems, presents the main parameters used to characterize the performance of a photovoltaic system, proposes a methodology to calculate the energy injected into the grid, which incorporates both new and conventional mathematical models and measurement procedures, and applies this methodology to a case of study of a real photovoltaic system.

Photovoltaic is a renewable energy technology that creates electricity by converting the energy of light. Photovoltaics are usually installed on buildings. In this pilot study, the viability of such an installation on the roof of the school Heby skola is examined with respect to produced electricity, economic potential and environmental impact. This is done with the software Solelekonomi, together with 11-years of solar irradiance data and measurements of the properties of the intended roof, which made it was possible to simulate the production patterns of a photovoltaic system. The simulations were made on two possible system sizes 50 m2 and 200 m2 with respectively 7.75 and 31 kWpeak installed power. Among other things, the results showed that 1.1% and 4.45% of the total electricity consumption could be replaced by the systems. A PV investment was found to be a good option with respect to the sections examined. Furthermore, considering PVinstallations, the school was found to be representative for schools in Sweden, and thus this essay can provide a basis for other PV pilot project on Swedish schools.

India’s strong agrarian economy, global location and climatic zoning make it highly vulnerable to the potential effects of climate change. Recent evidence of shortening cropping seasons has raised interest among academics and policy makers in tools for adaptation. Timely sowing and appropriate mechanization have been identified as attractive adaptation tools. Mechanization using locally produced biodiesel in place of conventional fossil fuel provides a relatively low-cost and sustainable opportunity to mitigate carbon emissions. An enterprise model in which farmers invest in machinery for custom hire coupled with community-produced biodiesel offers one approach to integrated adaptation and mitigation mechanisms for climate change. This research analyses agricultural practices and small farm mechanization in the state of Orissa, India, drawing on a village case study. Primary data is from twelve key informant interviews with farmers, academics and NGO representatives in India. Secondary data analysis includes Indian and Orissan government documents and reports from international organizations regarding agricultural mechanization, sustainability, resiliency and climate change. The results of this study indicate that joint mitigation and adaptation mechanisms implemented at the community level can address impacts of climate change while also offering opportunities for livelihood benefits, poverty alleviation and income generation. This research contributes to growing literature on adaptation and mitigation tools for climate change and adds an integral focus on small-scale opportunities within the broader scope of sustainable agriculture and biofuel development in India.

India’s strong agrarian economy, global location and climatic zoning make it highly vulnerable to the potential effects of climate change. Recent evidence of shortening cropping seasons has raised interest among academics and policy makers in tools for adaptation. Timely sowing and appropriate mechanization have been identified as attractive adaptation tools. Mechanization using locally produced biodiesel in place of conventional fossil fuel provides a relatively low-cost and sustainable opportunity to mitigate carbon emissions. An enterprise model in which farmers invest in machinery for custom hire coupled with community-produced biodiesel offers one approach to integrated adaptation and mitigation mechanisms for climate change. This research analyses agricultural practices and small farm mechanization in the state of Orissa, India, drawing on a village case study. Primary data is from twelve key informant interviews with farmers, academics and NGO representatives in India. Secondary data analysis includes Indian and Orissan government documents and reports from international organizations regarding agricultural mechanization, sustainability, resiliency and climate change. The results of this study indicate that joint mitigation and adaptation mechanisms implemented at the community level can address impacts of climate change while also offering opportunities for livelihood benefits, poverty alleviation and income generation. This research contributes to growing literature on adaptation and mitigation tools for climate change and adds an integral focus on small-scale opportunities within the broader scope of sustainable agriculture and biofuel development in India.

Το κεντρικό ζήτημα που διαπραγματεύεται η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία είναι το θέμα της διαχείρισης των απορριμμάτων στις σύγχρονες κοινωνίες με προσανατολισμό την αξιοποίησή τους και την παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Στην Ελλάδα σήμερα παράγονται ημερησίως περίπου 15.000 τόνοι απορριμμάτων, δηλαδή περίπου 5,5 εκατομμύρια τόνοι ετησίως, τα μισά από τα οποία στην Αττική. Μόνο ο όγκος αυτών των απορριμμάτων αποτελεί ζήτημα προς επίλυση. Μέχρι σήμερα ο τρόπος που κυριαρχεί στη διαχείριση αυτού του όγκου απορριμμάτων είναι οι Χώροι Υγειονομικής Ταφής Απορριμμάτων (ΧΥΤΑ). Εδώ πρέπει να σημειώσουμε ότι από το 2008, η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση έχει απαγορεύσει την κατασκευή νέων ΧΥΤΑ και έχει επιβάλλει τη μετατροπή των υφιστάμενων ΧΥΤΑ ως ΧΥΤΥ (Χώροι Υγειονομικής Ταφής Υπολειμμάτων). Η δημιουργία ΧΥΤΥ προϋποθέτει χημική επεξεργασία υπολειμμάτων πριν ταφούν και έχει κύκλο ζωής από είκοσι έως τριάντα χρόνια. Στους ΧΥΤΑ σήμερα θάβεται περίπου το 90% του συνολικού όγκου των απορριμμάτων, γεγονός που έχει σημαντικές συνέπειες για το περιβάλλον και τον άνθρωπο, είτε λόγω της εκροής μεθανίου στον αέρα είτε λόγω της μόλυνσης των λεκανών απορροής και των υπογείων υδάτων. Οι ΧΥΤΑ διακρίνονται σε νόμιμους και παράνομους. Νόμιμοι είναι αυτοί που έχουν χωροθετηθεί και διαθέτουν στοιχειώδεις, έστω, μελέτες και μια υποτυπώδη διαχείριση. Δίνουν όμως και τη δυνατότητα ελέγχου και συγκέντρωσης στοιχείων για τα απορρίμματα και επομένως για τους πιθανούς τρόπους επίλυσης του προβλήματος αυτού. Παράλληλα μεγαλύτερο πρόβλημα αποτελούν οι παράνομες χωματερές που λειτουργούν ως τέτοιες αλλά και οι κάθε είδους τυχαίοι χώροι όπως ποτάμια, ρέματα, παραλίες, θάλασσες, λίμνες και κάθε είδους χώροι στην ύπαιθρο που μπορεί να φτάσει κάποιος. Τα προβλήματα που δημιουργούνται από την ανεξέλεγκτη απόθεση των απορριμμάτων ή από την ξεπερασμένη μέθοδο των ΧΥΤΑ δεν είναι στενά περιβαλλοντικά. Οι επιπτώσεις αυτών των πρακτικών είναι επίσης κοινωνικές και οικονομικές και σε πολλά επίπεδα. Από τα προφανή που αφορούν τη μείωση της αξίας της γης κοντά στους χώρους αυτούς, τη μείωση της αξίας των προϊόντων που παράγονται πλησίον των χώρων αυτών, τους αντίστοιχους περιορισμούς στην οικιστική ανάπτυξη αλλά και σε επιχειρηματικά σχέδια. Κεντρικό ζήτημα αυτού του είδους αποτελεί και το πλήγμα στον τουρισμό, ειδικά σε περιοχές που αυτή η οικονομική δραστηριότητα αποτελεί βασική πηγή εισοδημάτων. Σε κάθε περίπτωση, όμως, δεν πρέπει να μας διαφεύγει το γεγονός ότι είναι λάθος μια θεώρηση που αντιμετωπίζει τα απορρίμματα ως «πράγματα για πέταγμα, σκουπίδια». Αυτή η θεώρηση είναι η κεντρική φιλοσοφία της συνέχισης της λειτουργίας πάσης φύσης χωματερών, νόμιμων και μη. Η σύγχρονη αντίληψη σχετικά με τα απορρίμματα αφορά μαζί με την περιβαλλοντική προστασία και τη δημιουργία νέας αξίας. Αφορά, δηλαδή, την ανάπτυξη μεθόδων για την αξιοποίηση των απορριμμάτων με διάφορους στόχους. Ανακύκλωση, παραγωγή νέων προϊόντων, παραγωγή παραπροϊόντων, ενεργειακή αξιοποίηση, κλπ. Στην εργασία αυτή γίνεται αναφορά σε όλες τις μεθόδους αξιοποίησης των απορριμμάτων ενώ επικεντρωνόμαστε στη θερμική επεξεργασία ως κύρια μέθοδο ενεργειακής αξιοποίησης. Η θερμική επεξεργασία και κυρίως η καύση των απορριμμάτων είναι μια πρακτική ευρέως διαδεδομένη στην Ευρώπη για την οποία υπάρχουν επισήμως προδιαγραφές από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση από το 1999, μέσω της οδηγίας 2000/76/EC. Στις περισσότερες χώρες της Ευρώπης λειτουργούν εργοστάσια καύσης των απορριμμάτων με σκοπό την παραγωγή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας παράλληλα με τη μείωση του συνολικού όγκου τους αλλά και την αδρανοποίηση – εξουδετέρωση τοξικών – μολυσματικών παραγόντων. Η διαδικασία της καύσης δε γίνεται χωρίς προεπεξεργασία. Απαιτεί προηγούμενες διεργασίες που αφορούν τη διαλογή, τη μηχανική επεξεργασία, πριν καταλήξουν τα απορρίμματα στη διαδικασία της καύσης. Επομένως, ως μέθοδος η καύση συμβάλλει στη γενικότερη αξιοποίηση των απορριμμάτων και ενισχύει και άλλες μεθόδους και δεν τις καταργεί. Χαρακτηριστικά παραδείγματα τέτοιων πρακτικών είναι διαδεδομένα σε χώρες της Ευρώπης που θεωρούνται πρωτοποριακές στις οικολογικές πρακτικές, όπως η Δανία και η Σουηδία. Βεβαίως υπάρχουν και τα μειονεκτήματα της μεθόδου. Αυτά αφορούν την εκπομπή αερίων και βαρέων μετάλλων από τις μονάδες καύσης τα οποία είναι επιβλαβή για το περιβάλλον και τους ανθρώπους. Όμως η πρόοδος στον τομέα αυτό είναι ραγδαία, οι κανονισμοί αυστηροί, οι πρακτικές βελτιούμενες και, σε τελευταία ανάλυση, το ερώτημα που πρέπει να απαντηθεί δεν είναι αν υπάρχει μια μέθοδος που έχει μόνο πλεονεκτήματα και καθόλου μειονεκτήματα αλλά από τις διαθέσιμες μεθόδους ποια είναι η βέλτιστη. / The central issue that this thesis negotiates is the issue of waste management in modern societies oriented exploitation and production of electricity. In Greece approximately 15,000 tonnes of waste are produced per day, approximately 5.5 million tons annually, half of them in Athens. Only the volume of such waste is an issue to be resolved. Until now the predominant way to manage this volume of waste is the Waste Landfills (landfills). Here we must note that since 2008, the European Union has banned the construction of new landfills and has required the conversion of existing landfills as landfills (landfill debris). The creation of landfills requires chemical treatment before waste is buried, and provides a life cycle of twenty to thirty years. Today about 90% of the total volume of waste is buried in landfills, which has important consequences for the environment and humans, either because of the outflow of methane in air or due to contamination of watersheds and groundwater. Landfills are divided into legal and illegal. Legitimate are those who have sited and elementary, at least, a rudimentary studies and management. They, however, have to control and collect data on waste and therefore allow to search for the possible ways to solve this problem. At the same time the biggest problem is illegal landfills operated as such and all kinds of random places such as rivers, streams, beaches, seas, lakes and all kinds of outdoor spaces that can be reached. The problems created by uncontrolled dumping of waste or the outdated method of landfills are not closely environmentally. The effects of these practices are also social and economic and on many levels. From the obvious results to the reduction in value of land near these areas, reducing the value of products produced near these sites, the corresponding restrictions on residential development and business plans. The central question of this kind is the blow to tourism, especially in areas that economic activity is a major source of income. In each case, however, we must not overlook the fact that it is a wrong approach that addresses the waste as "throwing things, garbage." This approach is the central concept of its continuation in landfills of every kind, legal or not. The modern concept of waste is one with regard to environmental protection and new value creation. This means, the development of methods for the utilization of waste with different objectives. Recycling, manufacturing new products, meat production, energy use, etc. In this paper we refer to all methods of waste utilization and we focus on the thermal treatment as the primary method of energy recovery. The heat treatment and especially the burning of waste is a widespread practice in Europe for which there is a formally issued guideline from the European Union from 1999 through (Directive 2000/76/EC). In most European countries plants for burning waste operate to generate electricity while reducing the total volume and the inactivation - neutralizing toxic – infectious agents. The burning process is done without pretreatment. It requires previous processes for the sorting, mechanical processing, before ending up in waste combustion process. Therefore, as a method of burning contributes to the overall utilization of waste and strengthens and other methods and do not confront with them. Examples of such practices are widespread in European countries that are considered innovative in ecological practices, such as Denmark and Sweden. Certainly there are disadvantages of the method. These relate to the emission of gases and heavy metals from combustion plants which are harmful to the environment and people. But progress in this area is rapid, strict regulations, practices improved and, ultimately, the question to be answered is not whether there is a method that has only advantages and no disadvantages, but from the methods available, which one is the optimum.

Orientadores: João Carlos Camargo, Ennio Peres da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Donadon_AntonioRoberto_M.pdf: 1117953 bytes, checksum: 01a83592806648f889aea2c35b02b7c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi propor uma minuta de norma de conexão de geradores ou pequenos sistemas de geração distribuída em baixa tensão (GDBT) com potência menor ou igual a 75 kW monofásico ou trifásico com conversão estática em paralelo com a rede de distribuição secundária da concessionária local. Para atingir esse objetivo realizou-se um levantamento do estado da arte em matéria de normas de conexão em países onde esse assunto já se encontra em situação mais avançada bem como da incipiente legislação brasileira sobre o assunto. Baseado nisso e nos os dados obtidos dos testes de operação das fontes estudadas no projeto de pesquisa Implantação de Geração Distribuída Junto à Rede de Distribuição relacionados aos aspectos de qualidade de energia e segurança chegou-se a um elenco de tópicos relevantes para a construção de uma norma. O trabalho concluiu também que fontes de GDBT que possuam conversores estáticos que atendam aos requisitos de segurança e qualidade de energia da norma internacional IEEE 1547 poderiam ser conectadas à rede de distribuição da concessionária / Abstract: The objective was to propose a draft standard for connecting small single-phase or three phase generators with rated power lower than or equal to 75 kW with static converter in parallel with low voltage utility grid (GDBT). To reach this goal it was carried out a survey of the state of the art in connection standards in countries where this matter is already more advanced state as well as the incipient Brazilian legislation on this matter. Based on this survey and the data obtained from operation tests of power sources studied in the R&D project Implementation of Distributed Generation in the Utility Grid related to safety and power quality was possible to obtain a range of relevant topics to build a connection standard. The study also concluded that GDBT power sources equipped with static converters that meet the international standard IEEE 1547 safety and power quality requirements could be connected to the utility grid / Mestrado / Engenharia Mecanica / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos