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Le développement rapide du World Wide Web depuis les années 1990 a entraîné l'accroissement dunombre de sites web et l'intensification de la concurrence. Parallèlement, les moteurs de recherche ontjoué un rôle majeur en facilitant la recherche d'informations sur le web, au point de devenir une sourceinépuisable de trafic dont les propriétaires de sites web souhaitent profiter. Afin de capter un maximumde trafic qualifié, il est devenu nécessaire de se démarquer pour améliorer la visibilité d'un site web surles moteurs de recherche. Pour cela les propriétaires de sites web peuvent faire appel à des entreprisespratiquant le référencement web, et plus particulièrement le référencement naturel qui regroupel'ensemble des techniques d'optimisation permettant d'indexer et de positionner les pages d'un site webau plus haut niveau dans les résultats de recherche. L'activité de référencement web est conduite par leréférenceur qui, en optimisant un certain nombre de critères au sein du site web, améliore sonpositionnement. Mais les résultats obtenus sont incertains, car les algorithmes de classement desmoteurs de recherche sont en perpétuelle mutation. Dès lors, il est devenu nécessaire pour le référenceurd'avoir une meilleure maîtrise du processus de référencement web et d'être aidé dans ses prises dedécisions afin de satisfaire ses clients. Nos travaux de recherche ont permis d'apporter troiscontributions :- Établissement d'un cadre efficace pour l'activité de référencement à partir de la définition desdifférentes étapes du processus de référencement web en s'inspirant d'un méta-modèle d'ingénierie ;- Modélisation du processus de référencement web à partir d'un modèle d'agents afin de permettreune meilleure compréhension de son fonctionnement et de contrôler efficacement les différentesinteractions ;- Conception d'un système d'aide à la décision à partir de notre modèle d'agents servant desupport à l'activité de référencement web.Ces trois contributions majeures nous ont permis de répondre à notre problématique de recherche qui seproposait de répondre à la question suivante : « Comment concevoir le processus de référencement webpour améliorer sa maîtrise par le couple référenceur / client ? ». / The World Wide Web has quickly grown since the 90s, and it has led to an increase in the number ofwebsites and the intensification of the competition. In parallel, search engines have played a major roleby facilitating the research of information on the web, to the point of being an infinite source of traffic ofwhich websites' owners would like to take advantage. In order to capture the maximum of qualifiedtraffic, it has become necessary to stand out from the competitors to improve the visibility of a websiteon search engines. To do that, websites' owners can resort to firms which practice Search EngineOptimization (SEO). The latter gathers all the optimization techniques which make it possible to improvethe ranking of web pages at the highest rank in the search results. The activity of search engineoptimization is done by a SEO practitioner who, by optimizing some technical criteria, improves theranking of the website. But the obtained results are uncertain, because of the ever-changing rankingalgorithms of search engines. Consequently, it has become necessary for the SEO practitioner to have abetter mastery of the SEO process and to be helped in its decision makings in order to satisfy its clients.Our research works have allowed us to make three contributions:- Creation of an efficient structure for the SEO activity from the definition of the different steps ofthe SEO process and the use of an engineering meta-model;- Modeling of the SEO process by using a multi-agent system in order to enable a betterunderstanding of its functioning and to efficiently master its different interactions;- Design of a decision support system thanks to our agent-based model to support the SEOa c t i v i t y .These three main contributions enabled us to answer our research question which was: "How to designthe search engine optimization process in order to improve its mastery by the SEO practitioner and theclient ?"

Dagens snabba digitaliseringstakt driver stora förändringar i konsumenters sätt att handla. Allt fler använder internet och sökmotorer vid handel och e-handelstjänster har blivit allt mer beroende av sökmotorer samt deras placering hos dessa. Optimering av e-handelswebbsidor utgör numera en högst relevant aspekt för sidtrafik, men sökmotorer lämnar ut begränsad information om hur sökranking påverkas av olika typer av optimeringsinsatser. Med bakgrund av detta studeras i denna rapport hur en e-handelstjänsts, brewinabox.se, sökranking hos sökmotorn Google påverkas av de tre SEO-faktorerna laddningshastighet, nyckelordsdensitet och sidstruktur, och undersöker således hur man kan optimera dessa. I studien testas olika versioner av e-handelstjänsten med varierande inställningar för de tre SEO-faktorerna, mot sökranking hos Google. Testerna visade inga tydliga tendenser och kunde inte bekräfta de teorier och metoder som litteraturen rekommenderade för varje individuell faktor. De vaga resultaten kan bero på otillräckliga tester med många möjliga felkällor, speciellt gällande Googles indexeringsprocess. Slutligen implementerades en sista version av brewinabox.se med rekommendationer gällande de tre faktorerna och ett klart positivt resultat av sökmotoroptimeringen noterades. / The rapid pace of digitization in this day and age drives major changes in consumer buying behaviour. More and more consumers make use of the internet and search engines when making purchases. E-commerce services have thus become increasingly dependent on search engines, and on their ranking on them. Optimization of e-commerce websites are a highly relevant aspect for website traffic, however, little information on how different types of SEO-optimization techniques affect page ranking is disclosed by search engine companies. In this context, this study is conducted in order to assess how an e-commerce, brewinabox.se, website's page ranking is affected by three ranking factors: page speed, keyword density and site structure. It illustrates how to optimize with respect to these ranking factors. The study tests different versions of the e-commerce web application with different adjustments of the ranking factors, in relation to page rank. The tests did not show any clear results, and they could not confirm the theories and methods suggested by common literature for each factor. The weak results might depend on insufficient tests with many possible errors, especially concerning the indexing process of Google. Ultimately, a final version of the web application was implemented using the recommendations and a clearly positive result of the search engine optimization was noted.

<p>E-commerce combines web technology with business economics. As of the last 10 years, online visibility for such online enterprises now heavily rely on the relationship between the own online sales platform and Search Engines for improved traffic consisting of presumable customers with the intent of acquiring products or services related to the customers’ needs. In 2008 an Internet behavioural analysis showed that over 90% percent of Swedish internet users make use of search engines at least once a week, stating that online visibility through the use of search engines now is a crucial business marketing aspect. To improve the relationship between online e-commercial platforms and search engines several applications exists within the technical field of Online Marketing – one being Search Engine Optimization (SEO),</p><p>As a subset of Online Marketing, SEO consists mainly of three subareas; Organic Search Engine Optimization (Organic SEO), Search Engine Marketing (SEM) and Social Media Optimization (SMO). The true nature of how Search Engines operate to crawl and index web contents are hidden behind business secrets owned by the individual search engines operating online, leaving SEO auditors and operators to systematically “try-and-error” test for optimal settings.</p><p>The first part of this thesis unfolds the SEO theory obtained from online sources, acclaimed literature and articles to discover settings in which SEO auditors and operator may use as tools to improve online visibility and accessibility on live websites to search engines. The second part sets on forming a theory driven work model (called the “PS Model”) to systematically work with SEO; structure for implementations and ways to measure the improvements.</p><p>Third part of the thesis evaluates the PS model using a case study where the model is implemented upon. The case study uses a website (in this thesis referred to as “BMG”) owned by a company active in the biotechnological research and development field situated in Sweden (in this thesis referred to as “BSG”), which at the start of January 2010 was in need of SEO improvements as the relationship between the search engine Google had somewhat stagnated leaving several vital documents outside of Google’s indexing and the relevancy between performed search quires and site-wide keywords had been lowered.</p><p>The focus of this thesis reside on bringing forth a work model taking in essential parts of SEO (Organic SEO, SEM and SMO), implementing it on the BMG platform to improve the website’s online visibility and accessibility to search engines (mainly focusing on Google), thus enhancing and solving the stagnated situation identified as such in January 2010 by the BMG site-owners – consequently validating the PS Model. In May 2010 it was shown that the PS model did improve site-wide indexing at Google and search queries containing the main set of keywords in use of BMG was improved in terms of relevancy (higher placing on search result pages).</p>

<p>This paper is a literature study on search engine optimization (SEO) considering the leader of the search engine market: Google. There´s an introductory background description of Google and its methods of  crawling the Internet and indexing the web pages, along with a brief review of the famous PageRank algorithm. The purpose of this paper is to describe the major important methods for improved rankings on Google´s result lists. These methods could be categorized as on-page methods tied to the website to be optimized or off-page methods that are external to the website such as link development. Furthermore the most common unethical methods are described, known as “black hat”, which is the secondary purpose of the text. The discussion that follows concerns the practical implications of SEO and personal reflections of the matter. Finally  there´s a quick view of the expanding market of handheld devices connected to the Internet and mobile search as an initial area of research.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats är en litteraturstudie om ämnet sökmotoroptimering (SEO) som behandlar ledaren bland sökmotorer: Google. Det finns en introducerande bakgrund som beskriver Google och dess metoder för ”crawling” och indexering av webbplatser, tillsammans med en kort genomgång av den  välkända  PageRank-algoritmen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva de centrala metoderna för förbättrad rankning i Googles träffresultat. Dessa metoder kan kategoriseras som ”on-page”-metoder, som är knutna till webbplatsen, eller ”off-page”-metoder, som är externa, exempelvis  länkförvärvning. Vidare kommer de vanligaste oetiska metoderna att beskrivas, kända som ”black hat”, som är det andra syftet med denna text. Diskussionen som följer behandlar de praktiska implikationerna av SEO och personliga reflektioner i frågan. Avslutningsvis  berör vi  den expanderade marknaden av handhållen utrustning med Internetuppkoppling och mobil sökning som ett kommande forskningsområde.</p>

E-commerce combines web technology with business economics. As of the last 10 years, online visibility for such online enterprises now heavily rely on the relationship between the own online sales platform and Search Engines for improved traffic consisting of presumable customers with the intent of acquiring products or services related to the customers’ needs. In 2008 an Internet behavioural analysis showed that over 90% percent of Swedish internet users make use of search engines at least once a week, stating that online visibility through the use of search engines now is a crucial business marketing aspect. To improve the relationship between online e-commercial platforms and search engines several applications exists within the technical field of Online Marketing – one being Search Engine Optimization (SEO), As a subset of Online Marketing, SEO consists mainly of three subareas; Organic Search Engine Optimization (Organic SEO), Search Engine Marketing (SEM) and Social Media Optimization (SMO). The true nature of how Search Engines operate to crawl and index web contents are hidden behind business secrets owned by the individual search engines operating online, leaving SEO auditors and operators to systematically “try-and-error” test for optimal settings. The first part of this thesis unfolds the SEO theory obtained from online sources, acclaimed literature and articles to discover settings in which SEO auditors and operator may use as tools to improve online visibility and accessibility on live websites to search engines. The second part sets on forming a theory driven work model (called the “PS Model”) to systematically work with SEO; structure for implementations and ways to measure the improvements. Third part of the thesis evaluates the PS model using a case study where the model is implemented upon. The case study uses a website (in this thesis referred to as “BMG”) owned by a company active in the biotechnological research and development field situated in Sweden (in this thesis referred to as “BSG”), which at the start of January 2010 was in need of SEO improvements as the relationship between the search engine Google had somewhat stagnated leaving several vital documents outside of Google’s indexing and the relevancy between performed search quires and site-wide keywords had been lowered. The focus of this thesis reside on bringing forth a work model taking in essential parts of SEO (Organic SEO, SEM and SMO), implementing it on the BMG platform to improve the website’s online visibility and accessibility to search engines (mainly focusing on Google), thus enhancing and solving the stagnated situation identified as such in January 2010 by the BMG site-owners – consequently validating the PS Model. In May 2010 it was shown that the PS model did improve site-wide indexing at Google and search queries containing the main set of keywords in use of BMG was improved in terms of relevancy (higher placing on search result pages).

This paper is a literature study on search engine optimization (SEO) considering the leader of the search engine market: Google. There´s an introductory background description of Google and its methods of  crawling the Internet and indexing the web pages, along with a brief review of the famous PageRank algorithm. The purpose of this paper is to describe the major important methods for improved rankings on Google´s result lists. These methods could be categorized as on-page methods tied to the website to be optimized or off-page methods that are external to the website such as link development. Furthermore the most common unethical methods are described, known as “black hat”, which is the secondary purpose of the text. The discussion that follows concerns the practical implications of SEO and personal reflections of the matter. Finally  there´s a quick view of the expanding market of handheld devices connected to the Internet and mobile search as an initial area of research. / Denna uppsats är en litteraturstudie om ämnet sökmotoroptimering (SEO) som behandlar ledaren bland sökmotorer: Google. Det finns en introducerande bakgrund som beskriver Google och dess metoder för ”crawling” och indexering av webbplatser, tillsammans med en kort genomgång av den  välkända  PageRank-algoritmen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva de centrala metoderna för förbättrad rankning i Googles träffresultat. Dessa metoder kan kategoriseras som ”on-page”-metoder, som är knutna till webbplatsen, eller ”off-page”-metoder, som är externa, exempelvis  länkförvärvning. Vidare kommer de vanligaste oetiska metoderna att beskrivas, kända som ”black hat”, som är det andra syftet med denna text. Diskussionen som följer behandlar de praktiska implikationerna av SEO och personliga reflektioner i frågan. Avslutningsvis  berör vi  den expanderade marknaden av handhållen utrustning med Internetuppkoppling och mobil sökning som ett kommande forskningsområde.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur sökmotoroptimering av en webbsida påverkar webbsidans tillgänglighet för människor. Tillvägagångssätt för sökmotoroptimering är väldokumenterade, och detsamma gäller viktiga principer för tillgänglighet. Dock beskrivs sällan sambandet däremellan.Först presenteras teori kring om tillvägagångssätt för sökmotoroptimering samt information om vad som påverkar webbplatsers tillgänglighet. Därefter beskrivs en fallstudie där effekten av sökmotoroptimering bedöms efter de väletablerade riktlinjerna Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0.Studiens resultat visar att vissa aspekter av sökmotoroptimering gynnar tillgängligheten, men att det även kan finnas ett negativt samband. Exempel på positiv inverkan är vid publikationen av bilder på webbplatser, medan rubriksuppbyggnaden kan missgynnas av sökmotoroptimering.Slutresultatet är dock att tillgängligheten gynnas mer av sökmotoroptimering än vad den missgynnas av den. / This thesis examines how search engine optimization of webpages affects accessibility for human users. Methods for search engine optimization are well documented, as is the important principles of accessibility. However, the relationship between these factors is seldom described.First, the theory behind the approach to search engine optimization, and information about what affects the websites accessibility are described. Then a descriptive case study is presented where the effect of search engine optimization is assessed according to the established guidelines, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0.The results of the study demonstrate that certain aspects of search engine optimization benefit the accessibility, but that there are some aspects of search engine optimization that harm the accessibility, for example, the headline structure. However, the end result is that accessibility benefits more from search engine optimization than it is harmed by it.

The aim of this work is the analysis of current practices and techniques of Internet marketing. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part presents the current internet marketing tools, the optimal utilization is reflected in the practical part, which is carried out a comprehensive plan for internet marketing strategy with emphasis on SEO for start-up company in the field of accommodation and hospitable service. This is a company Penzion U Lišky, which offers accommodation in Southern Bohemia. The work will serve as a guide for small and medium organizations in the development of marketing projects. The practical part of the evidence considered in developing websites and methods to optimize site for search engines. The next section provides recommendations for use of PPC campaigns and presentation of the company's social networking site Facebook. The analysis methods for increasing traffic through social networking, PR articles, blogging and other tools.

Práce se zabývá problematikou měření ukazatelů souvisejících s provozem webových stránek a aplikací a technologickými prostředky k tomu sloužícími ? Web Analytics (WA). Hlavním cílem práce je otestovat a porovnat vybrané zástupce těchto nástrojů a podrobit je srovnání podle objektivních kriterií, dále také kritické zhodnocení možností WA nástrojů obecně. V první části se práce zaměřuje na popis různých způsobů měření provozu na WWW a definuje související metriky. Poskytuje také přehled dostupných WA nástrojů. Následně je vytvořen hodnotící model pro WA nástroje a podle něj je ohodnoceno šest zástupců těchto nástrojů. Hodnocení má podobu uživatelského testování na datech ze dvou reálných webových stránek. Majitelům těchto dvou webových stránek je učiněno doporučení pro volbu vhodného WA nástroje na základě jejich preferencí. Dalším výstupem práce jsou reporty, vygenerované testovanými nástroji, popisující aktivity na zkoumaných webových stránkách.