Les monuments de Hué sont inscrits sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l’humanité par l’UNESCO depuis 1993. Ils contribuent, par leur histoire même, au rachat d’une guerre qui a aussi été fratricide. La patrimonialisation des constructions impériales entrent dans une politique de construction de l’identité nationale par la culture et le lieu où l’unité vietnamienne s’est la première fois unifiée. La demande de l’organisation internationale qui porte désormais sur le « paysage culturel » suit la même orientation en valorisant ce qui devient une iconographie territoriale. L’extension du patrimoine au « paysage culturel » inclut nécessairement les « maisons-jardin » qui, outre les monuments impériaux, font la gloire d’une culture de Hué très subtile, à la fois élevée et modeste. La continuité de la nature à l’habitat est assurée par le jardin ordonné selon les règles de la géomancie. Mais les maisons-jardin ne sont plus, pour la majorité de leurs habitants, les résidences des mandarins, des artistes et des musiciens de cours. L’histoire est passée par là, provoquant une tension qui a pu être politique (idéologique), qui est sociale et économique assurément. Le discours traditionnaliste qui s’est réveillé autour de l’opération de patrimonialisation visant une « capitale féodale orientale » (ICOMOS, sic, n’est pas sans trouver contradiction dans la réalité contemporaine de l’habitat. Comment peut-on habiter le patrimoine et échapper à la seule vocation touristique qui conduit au musée ou au folklore. C’est à quoi cette thèse tente de répondre. / Hue monuments are inscribed on the List of World Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO since 1993. They contribute through their own history, to the redemption of a war which was also fratricide. The heritage of imperial city fall into a policy of building national identity through culture and the place where the Vietnamese unit was first unified. The request of the international organization that is now on the "cultural landscape" follows the same orientation valuing what becomes a territorial iconography. The extension of the heritage "cultural landscape" necessarily includes "garden houses" which, besides the imperial monuments, are the glory of a culture of Hue subtle, both high and low. Continuity of nature to housing is provided by the garden ordered according to the rules of geomancy. But the houses are no longer the homes of mandarins, artists and musicians for the majority of their inhabitants. The story has been through it, causing a voltage which could be political (ideological), which is certainly social and economic. Traditionalist discourse who woke up around the operation of heritage to a "feudal capital Oriental" (ICOMOS, sic) is not without contradiction found in contemporary reality of the habitat. How can live heritage and escape the single leading tourist or museum folklore. This is what this thesis seeks to answer.

Ancorado nas discussões teóricas acerca do tema da medicalização e nas pesquisas brasileiras que apontam para o aumento, no país, do consumo do psicofármaco comercialmente chamado Ritalina®, este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre o papel atribuído a esse fármaco na forma como seus consumidores compreendem e constroem a si mesmos, especialmente no que tange à crença cultural no auto-aperfeiçoamento. Os dados empíricos que embasam a discussão aqui proposta foram produzidos através de entrevistas com pessoas que utilizavam a medicação e também por meio da análise do material de divulgação da Ritalina®, que é voltado ao público especializado. Busca ressaltar, assim, a importância de pesquisas sobre a imaginação farmacêutica relacionada a esse medicamento, no que se refere à existência de discursos que destacam valores a respeito de desempenho, concentração e controle. Por fim, são apresentadas justificativas e práticas de utilização que perpassam questões acerca da normalização, tratamento e melhorias de si, bem como se problematiza a existência da categoria de aprimoramento intitulada aprimoramento circunstancial. / Based on theoretical discussions about medicalization and on Brazilian researches that point out to an increase in the consumption of the psychotropic medication commercially known as Ritalin®, the present work aims to reflect on the role accredited to this drug in the way its consumers comprehend and construct themselves, especially regarding a cultural believe in self-enhancement. The empirical data that support the presented discussion was gathered through interviews conducted with people that have used the medication, and also through an analysis of Ritalin’s® advertising material directed to an audience of specialists. Thus, it aspires to call attention to the importance of researches on pharmaceutical imagination, as regards the existence of speeches that highlight values regarding performance, concentration and control. Finally, it presents usages justifications and practices that engage issues regarding normalization, treatment and self - improvement, and at the same time it problematizes the existence of an enhancement category termed as circumstantial enhancement.

<p>Technologies in image acquisition have developed and often provide image volumes in more than two dimensions. Computer tomography and magnet resonance imaging provide image volumes in three spatial dimensions. The image enhancement methods have developed as well and in this thesis work 3D image enhancement with filter networks is evaluated.</p><p>The aims of this work are; to find a method which makes the initial parameter settings in the 3D image enhancement processing easier, to compare 2D and 3D processed image volumes visualized with different visualization techniques and to give an illustration of the benefits with 3D image enhancement processing visualized using these techniques.</p><p>The results of this work are;</p><p>1. a parameter setting tool that makes the initial parameter setting much easier and</p><p>2. an evaluation of 3D image enhancement with filter networks that shows a significant enhanced image quality in 3D processed image volumes with a high noise level compared to the 2D processed volumes. These results are shown in slices, MIP and volume rendering. The differences are even more pronounced if the volume is presented in a different projection than the volume is 2D processed in.</p>

Technologies in image acquisition have developed and often provide image volumes in more than two dimensions. Computer tomography and magnet resonance imaging provide image volumes in three spatial dimensions. The image enhancement methods have developed as well and in this thesis work 3D image enhancement with filter networks is evaluated. The aims of this work are; to find a method which makes the initial parameter settings in the 3D image enhancement processing easier, to compare 2D and 3D processed image volumes visualized with different visualization techniques and to give an illustration of the benefits with 3D image enhancement processing visualized using these techniques. The results of this work are; 1. a parameter setting tool that makes the initial parameter setting much easier and 2. an evaluation of 3D image enhancement with filter networks that shows a significant enhanced image quality in 3D processed image volumes with a high noise level compared to the 2D processed volumes. These results are shown in slices, MIP and volume rendering. The differences are even more pronounced if the volume is presented in a different projection than the volume is 2D processed in.

A hierarchical procedure is developed to determine maximum overall yield of a process and optimize process changes to achieve such a yield. First, a targeting procedure is developed to identify an upper bound of the overall yield ahead of detailed design. Several mass integration strategies are proposed to attain maximum yield. These strategies include rerouting of raw materials, optimization of reaction yield, rerouting of product from undesirable outlets to desirable outlets, and recycling of unreacted raw materials. Path equations are tailored to provide the appropriate level of detail for modeling process performance as a function of the optimization variables pertaining to design and operating variables. Interval analysis is used as an inclusion technique that provides rigorous bounds regardless of the process nonlinearities and without enumeration. Then, a new approach for identification of cost-effective implementation of maximum attainable targets for yield is presented. In this approach, a mathematical program was developed to identify the maximum feasible yield using a combination of iterative additions of constraints and problem reformulation. Next, cost objectives were employed to identify a cost-effective solution with the details of design and operating variables. Constraint convexification was used to improve the quality of the solution towards globability. A trade-off procedure between the saving and expenses for yield maximization problem is presented. The proposed procedure is systematic, rigorous, and computationally efficient. A case study was solved to demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the developed procedure.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Ancorado nas discussões teóricas acerca do tema da medicalização e nas pesquisas brasileiras que apontam para o aumento, no país, do consumo do psicofármaco comercialmente chamado Ritalina®, este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre o papel atribuído a esse fármaco na forma como seus consumidores compreendem e constroem a si mesmos, especialmente no que tange à crença cultural no auto-aperfeiçoamento. Os dados empíricos que embasam a discussão aqui proposta foram produzidos através de entrevistas com pessoas que utilizavam a medicação e também por meio da análise do material de divulgação da Ritalina®, que é voltado ao público especializado. Busca ressaltar, assim, a importância de pesquisas sobre a imaginação farmacêutica relacionada a esse medicamento, no que se refere à existência de discursos que destacam valores a respeito de desempenho, concentração e controle. Por fim, são apresentadas justificativas e práticas de utilização que perpassam questões acerca da normalização, tratamento e melhorias de si, bem como se problematiza a existência da categoria de aprimoramento intitulada aprimoramento circunstancial. / Based on theoretical discussions about medicalization and on Brazilian researches that point out to an increase in the consumption of the psychotropic medication commercially known as Ritalin®, the present work aims to reflect on the role accredited to this drug in the way its consumers comprehend and construct themselves, especially regarding a cultural believe in self-enhancement. The empirical data that support the presented discussion was gathered through interviews conducted with people that have used the medication, and also through an analysis of Ritalin’s® advertising material directed to an audience of specialists. Thus, it aspires to call attention to the importance of researches on pharmaceutical imagination, as regards the existence of speeches that highlight values regarding performance, concentration and control. Finally, it presents usages justifications and practices that engage issues regarding normalization, treatment and self - improvement, and at the same time it problematizes the existence of an enhancement category termed as circumstantial enhancement.

Ancorado nas discussões teóricas acerca do tema da medicalização e nas pesquisas brasileiras que apontam para o aumento, no país, do consumo do psicofármaco comercialmente chamado Ritalina®, este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre o papel atribuído a esse fármaco na forma como seus consumidores compreendem e constroem a si mesmos, especialmente no que tange à crença cultural no auto-aperfeiçoamento. Os dados empíricos que embasam a discussão aqui proposta foram produzidos através de entrevistas com pessoas que utilizavam a medicação e também por meio da análise do material de divulgação da Ritalina®, que é voltado ao público especializado. Busca ressaltar, assim, a importância de pesquisas sobre a imaginação farmacêutica relacionada a esse medicamento, no que se refere à existência de discursos que destacam valores a respeito de desempenho, concentração e controle. Por fim, são apresentadas justificativas e práticas de utilização que perpassam questões acerca da normalização, tratamento e melhorias de si, bem como se problematiza a existência da categoria de aprimoramento intitulada aprimoramento circunstancial. / Based on theoretical discussions about medicalization and on Brazilian researches that point out to an increase in the consumption of the psychotropic medication commercially known as Ritalin®, the present work aims to reflect on the role accredited to this drug in the way its consumers comprehend and construct themselves, especially regarding a cultural believe in self-enhancement. The empirical data that support the presented discussion was gathered through interviews conducted with people that have used the medication, and also through an analysis of Ritalin’s® advertising material directed to an audience of specialists. Thus, it aspires to call attention to the importance of researches on pharmaceutical imagination, as regards the existence of speeches that highlight values regarding performance, concentration and control. Finally, it presents usages justifications and practices that engage issues regarding normalization, treatment and self - improvement, and at the same time it problematizes the existence of an enhancement category termed as circumstantial enhancement.

The effect of surface modification and high intensity electric field (uniform and non – uniform) acting separately or in combination on pool boiling of R-123 is presented in this thesis. The effect of surface modification was investigated on saturated pool boiling of R-123 for five horizontal copper surfaces modified by different treatments, namely: an emery polished surface, a fine sandblasted surface, a rough sandblasted surface, an electron beam (EB) enhanced surface and a sintered surface. Each 40 mm diameter heating surface formed the upper face of an oxygen-free copper block, electrically heated by embedded cartridge heaters. The experiments were performed from the convective heat transfer regime to the critical heat flux, with both increasing and decreasing heat flux, at 1.01 bar, and additionally at 2 bar and 4 bar for the emery polished surface. Significant enhancement of heat transfer with increasing surface modification was demonstrated, particularly for the EB enhanced and sintered surfaces. The emery polished and sandblasted surface results are compared with nucleate boiling correlations and other published data. The effect of uniform and non-uniform electric fields on saturated pool boiling of R-123 at 1.01 bar pressure was also examined. This method of heat transfer enhancement is known as electrohydrodynamic abbreviated as EHD-enhancement. A high voltage potential was applied at the electrode located above the heating surface, which was earthed. The voltage was varied from 0 to 30 kV. The uniform electric field was provided through a 40 mm diameter circular electrode of stainless steel 304 wire mesh having an aperture of 5.1 mm, while the non-uniform electric field was obtained by using a 40 mm diameter circular rod electrode with rods 5 and 8 mm apart. The effect of uniform electric field was investigated using all five modified surfaces, i.e. emery polished, fine sandblasted, rough sandblasted, EB enhanced and sintered surfaces, while non – uniform electric field was tested using the emery polished, fine sandblasted, EB enhanced and sintered surfaces. The effect of pressure on EHD enhancement was also examined using emery polished surface at saturation pressure of 2 and 4 bars while the electric field was fix at 20 kV corresponding to 2 MV/m. Further, the bubble dynamics is presented for the emery polished surface obtained using a high-speed high – resolution camera.

This research explored stakeholder experiences of a quality enhancement project (QEP) in South African universities. Stakeholder views were considered regarding the impact of the policy shift embodied by the QEP on implementation strategies and the gains made since its inception in improving student retention and throughput. The study employed a multiple-qualitative case study research design involving four universities (one traditional, one university of technology, one comprehensive, one traditional merger) and purposive sampling. Data collection techniques involved document analysis, in-depth interviews with Deputy Vice Chancellors: Teaching and Learning, Directors: Teaching and Learning, quality assurance (QA) managers, quality enhancement (QE) coordinators, Council on Higher Education (CHE) officials and the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) QA experts and focus group interviews with student leaders. The theoretical framework for this study was drawn from Ball et al.’s (1992) theory on policy processes and it focuses on three contexts of policy processes: the contexts of influence, text production, and practice. The findings revealed multi-layered stakeholder perspectives of the QEP based on stakeholders’ situated contexts in the higher education sector. The CHE and DHET viewed the QEP as an instrument (intervention) to capacitate institutions through promotion of best practice initiatives and collective engagement, shared practice and “learning from each other”. The institutions, on the other hand, were divided on how they experienced the QEP as follows: i) as an essential and valuable process to address structural and transformational issues for institutional effectiveness and change, ii) as an ambitious, uncoordinated, expensive, and to a certain extent futile process for address teaching and learning issues across the sector, and iii) as a lens to evaluate progress in meeting institutional goals and creating graduate attributes. The students expressed feelings of frustration about their voices not being heard in policy and institutional decision-making processes. The findings also revealed the complexities surrounding the shift from quality assurance (QA) to quality enhancement (QE), differences in approach and practice resulting from a lack of common understanding of what policy is, the role played by the QEP and the different understandings amongst the stakeholders about its intentions. At the same time, the lack of a theory underpinning practice translated to different experiences and interpretations of the shift from QA to QE. Strategies employed were informed by individual institutional visions located in the DVC: Teaching and Learning portfolios and not in the collective university community of practice. The findings also revealed that borrowing educational policy from other countries and contexts can have adverse effects for policy implementation owing to differences in political, social, economic and cultural contexts and different institutional dynamics. Importantly also, the top-down approaches where policy makers design policy to fit their ‘mandate’ and ‘philosophy’ of policy resulted in a project mentality that was not useful. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Education Management and Policy Studies / PhD / Unrestricted