Johann Georg Hamann has often been seen as a rhapsodic precursor of Sturm und Drang, but more recent work by theologians has shown that his obscure style is a deliberately constructed tissue of detailed allusions. This genetic study begins with a reconstruction, based on the letters, of the circumstances that first led him to write such texts. An analysis of three late works, Konxompax, the Metakritik über den Purismum der Vernunft, and Golgatha und Scheblimini, then demonstrates Hamann's blanket application of aspects of Lutheran theology in his anti-Enlightenment polemic. Placing Hamann's targets in their wider context, both as. he himself understood it (on the basis of his contemporary correspondence) and also through independent discussion of the aims of Lessing, Kant, and Mendelssohn, reveals the nature of his engagement with them: rather than responding to his opponents' arguments on their own terms, he uses intertextuality to suggest a completely different, Christian, framework which it is their collective error, in Hamann's view, to reject. The substance of Hamann's work thus lies not in intellectual penetration of specific opposing arguments, but in the elaboration of conservative theological ideas and their radical application to the contemporary scene. To an extraordinary degree, Hamann's style compels the reader to unfold the implications of obscure hints and allusions, but this makes it important to establish which ideas are actually present in his writing. Close reading of the texts chosen as illustrations, drawing on existing commentaries, but aiming at a larger overview, shows how Hamann uses the same concepts and method against a wide variety of targets. The richness and complexity of the resulting polemics reveals more about Hamann's own attitudes to the Enlightenment in general than about the specific debates in each case.

Based on a PhD. Thesis--University of Manchester, 1987. / Previously published by E.J. Brill, 1992. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Habilitationsschrift--München. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis has endeavoured to closely examine the personal relationship between Kennedy and Macmillan to determine its impact on the making of Anglo-American foreign policies. The result establishes that their relationship was a complex contribution to the making of Anglo-American foreign policies in the early 1960s, but that it was not a significant factor in the development of those policies. The interpretation of their relationship by scores of writers spanning three decades has largely been responsible for creating and extending the myth of the existence in the early 1960s of a 'Golden era' in Anglo-American relations crowned by the unique and intimate personal relationship between President Kennedy and Prime Minister Macmillan. Indeed, the genuine friendship cultivated between these two men distinguished their relationship from other bilateral relationships they had had with other heads of state and government. Nevertheless, this research which has been based largely on archival material reveals the tangible limits of the influence this famous personal relationship actually had on Anglo-American diplomacy. During the brief era in which the KennedylMacmillan relationship existed, American policy makers had been generally successful at persuading London to accept, albeit with occasional acute reticence, American initiatives and policy goals. Macmillan's leadership was an important factor in this acquiescence but not a crucial one. Seen from the point of view ofWashington and in particular President Kennedy and his White House aides, Prime Minister Macmillan's importance to the United States was focused on his political position as head of the Conservative Party. Kennedy's policy was based on the calculation that Macmillan's political life was essential to the smooth running ofAnglo-American relations. This thesis analyses the decision making process at the executive level in five case studies and firmly establishes that Kennedy was not personally influenced by Macmillan in the shaping of American foreign policy. Likewise, Macmillan's actions were chiefly predicated upon American institutional policies and not on his friendship with Kennedy. The result of this research will show that the personal relationship between John F. Kennedy and Harold Macmillan as such made no significant impact on the making of Anglo- American foreign policies.

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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